The Moderating Role Of Subjective Norms Between Online Shopping Behaviour And Its Determinants

Purpose of the study: Internet buying is raising phenomena rapidly these days. A peep in the exponent progress of players in the trade specifies that there is still an enormous reservoir of marketplace potential for e-commerce. The convenience of internet buying raised the interest of sellers and traders to attention to this area. The advanced level of the internet has changed the nature of trade. Internet buying is critical in these days, and it is associated directly with consumers. Therefore, the present study determines the relationship between risks and online shopping behavior while moderating by subjective norms. Methodology: Data was collected by students that buying online, 550 sets of questionnaires used for valid coding and analyzing analysis. Collected data analyzed by using SPSS and Smart PLS to test hypotheses. Results reveal that risks have decreasing effects, and subjective norms enhance online shopping behavior. Main Findings: The way of information sharing has been changed, domestically, and globally. E-commerce changed our life and the smooth, best solution for a hectic lifestyle—furthermore, this study contributing to knowledge and this topic understanding. The deductive approach and research were quantitative. In addition, the main aim of this study to examine the influence of financial, convenience, privacy risks influence online shopping behavior with the moderating role of subjective norms. Research limitations/implications: The scholars put their best enthusiasm to contribute to OSB, but static some boundaries in this study. The study attention on online users only, scholars, but disregard non-users. Coming reviews should focus on consumers and non-users and deliberate other elements. In this study, use moderator, upcoming studies can study mediator. Novelty/Originality of this study: Convenience, financial, privacy risks, online shopping behavior, and subjective norms are the variables of current research. The present study reflects a situation for upcoming researchers who want to study and interested in this area. It can be inferences because of its consequences. This research will be helpful for Govt. to make policies and sellers.

Land use change causes environmental homogeneity and low beta-diversity in Heteroptera of streams

Although species distribution pattern is a widely discussed topic, understanding the mechanisms that drive it in time and space is still one of the central goals of ecology. Moreover, it is of the most importance to discuss the maintenance of this biodiversity and the services it provides. Therefore, our aim is to test the following hypotheses: 1) Preserved environments have higher beta-diversity than environments with lower preservation values, since beta-diversity is determined by environmental variations between habitats; 2) Beta-diversity will be better than species richness to detect changes in community regarding environmental integrity gradients. This will occur because richness is not sensitive to changes in composition and this might mask results when sensitive species are lost and generalist species are introduced into the altered environments. In order to test these hypotheses, 20 points were sampled in five streams of the Brazilian Cerrado with different integrity conditions. Environmental change did not affect Heteroptera richness; however, it affected the beta-diversity of the group as a whole and of Nepomorpha, also negatively affecting both Gerromorpha beta-diversity and richness. Moreover, there was difference in variation of Gerromorpha composition in altered and degraded sites, but there was no effect on Nepomorpha. These results show that Gerromorpha is more sensitive to physical changes in streams caused by the loss of environmental integrity. Therefore, environmental changes with no regard to riparian vegetation boundaries causes shifts in stream conditions and changes aquatic communities, which places at risk the ecosystems services provided by these communities.

TUTORIAL SESSION IN COMPARISON TO PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IN UNDERGRADUATE CANDIDATES OF MEDICAL AND DENTAL COLLEGE

Background: Tutor has an essential role in conducting tutorial sessions and encouraging effective learning in students. The tutor develops learning objectives, monitors and clarifies the queries of students. Whereas students learn to understand and teach each other by participating and this helps the students better understand the subject and gain deeper knowledge of the various topics of each module in medical curriculum. The advantage of these sessions is to improve students understanding of topic, allowing time for discussion, and making them, self-learners. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a tool in medical education to teach and learn basic and clinical concepts in medicine and become self-learner. Aim of the study was, to evaluate the significance of tutorials as effective learning tool and was compared to problem – based learning for medical and dental undergraduate students, for topic understanding, time required to understand the topic, filling in gaps in knowledge and improvement in examination scores. Methods: Tutorial sessions and PBL were conducted as small group learning in Department of Pharmacology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan. In each class of undergraduate MBBS and BDS, students were distributed into 10-12 students groups. Students, from MBBS III year students and BDS II year, participated in this study and filled in questionnaires at the end of tutorial sessions. Comparison of tutorial and PBL sessions were evaluated by a second questionnaire by MBBS undergraduate students. Conclusion: The study participants were undergraduate students of MBBS and BDS. They found the tutorial sessions were effective tool. Although in comparison to tutorial, the students found problem-based learning more significant in understanding concepts of medical curriculum. Keywords: Tutorials; Problem-Based Learning; Knowledge, Small Group Learning; Interactive Session; Self-Learners.

Sporta jēdziens un tā attiecināšana uz prāta spēlēm

Tiesību doktore Jeļena Alfejeva skata jaunu tēmu – sporta jēdziena izpratni un tā attiecināšanu uz prāta spēlēm. Autore secina, ka sports ir visu veidu individuālas vai organizētas aktivitātes fiziskās un garīgās veselības saglabāšanai un uzlabošanai un saistīts ar panākumu gūšanu sporta sacensībās. J. Alfejeva uzsver, ka minētā jēdziena izpratne nav viennozīmīga. Doctor of law Jeļena Alfejeva addresses a new topic – understanding the definition of “sport” and its extension to mind games. The author concludes that sport can be understood as diverse individual and group activities with the aim to maintain and improve one’s physical and mental health, and it also aims to gain success in sport competitions. J. Alfejeva stresses that the term is rather ambiguous.

Evaluating Visual Representations for Topic Understanding and Their Effects on Manually Generated Topic Labels

Probabilistic topic models are important tools for indexing, summarizing, and analyzing large document collections by their themes. However, promoting end-user understanding of topics remains an open research problem. We compare labels generated by users given four topic visualization techniques—word lists, word lists with bars, word clouds, and network graphs—against each other and against automatically generated labels. Our basis of comparison is participant ratings of how well labels describe documents from the topic. Our study has two phases: a labeling phase where participants label visualized topics and a validation phase where different participants select which labels best describe the topics’ documents. Although all visualizations produce similar quality labels, simple visualizations such as word lists allow participants to quickly understand topics, while complex visualizations take longer but expose multi-word expressions that simpler visualizations obscure. Automatic labels lag behind user-created labels, but our dataset of manually labeled topics highlights linguistic patterns (e.g., hypernyms, phrases) that can be used to improve automatic topic labeling algorithms.

Critical reflections on methodological challenge in arts and dementia evaluation and research

Methodological rigour, or its absence, is often a focus of concern for the emerging field of evaluation and research around arts and dementia. However, this paper suggests that critical attention should also be paid to the way in which individual perceptions, hidden assumptions and underlying social and political structures influence methodological work in the field. Such attention will be particularly important for addressing methodological challenges relating to contextual variability, ethics, value judgement and signification identified through a literature review on this topic. Understanding how, where and when evaluators and researchers experience such challenges may help to identify fruitful approaches for future evaluation.

Lung artefacts and their use

The science of lung ultrasound has grown tremendously over the last two decades and lung ultrasound has not only entered the mainstream of point of care ultrasound but has become a dominant topic. Understanding lung ultrasound signs and artifacts is critical to being able to correlate findings with actual pathology and normal anatomy and physiology. Investigators have described multiple lung ultrasound artifacts and findings and it is important to understand both the physics and anatomic basis behind them. Additionally, ultrasound machine use and transducer selection can significantly affect results obtained on patient during an examination and the provider must carefully choose the correct settings. This manuscript describes the state of the art in ultrasound artifact recognition and correlation as well as management of ultrasound technology to optimize diagnostic success.

Using Tablets to Teach for Understanding in the Sixth Grade Social Studies Classroom

In contrast to traditional teaching methods and rote memorization techniques that have led to shallow student learning in middle grades social studies, this chapter explores the capacity for a tablet-enriched implementation of the Teaching for Understanding framework to facilitate deeper student understanding and knowledge construction within the sixth grade social studies curriculum. Based on the outlined tablet-infused teaching and learning strategies, not only would the learning of social studies be improved by use of the framework itself, but the additional leverage of tablets and apps would provide a dynamic, student-friendly platform for successfully executing the framework's four elements: a generative topic, understanding goals, performances of understanding, and ongoing assessment. Moreover, a tablet-enriched implementation of the framework uniquely extends opportunities for effective learning through a broad range of inquiry, collaboration, and product-creation activities in the sixth grade social studies classroom.