Da avalanche lírica em redes sociais: remediações poéticas em Snow, de Shelley Jackson

A popularização de redes sociais tem culminado num consumo massivo de dados, textos e fotos, majoritariamente destituídos de qualquer pretensão artística. No entanto, há perfis nas redes que se valem dessa mídia para constituir propostas de força crítica e lírica. Neste artigo, analisamos um projeto de criação de tal natureza: o poema em prosa Snow, de Shelley Jackson, composto por fotos de palavras escritas na neve, postadas ao longo de anos por uma conta no Instagram. Entre outras questões, interessa ao presente estudo discutir as remediações poéticas que constituem essa obra no percurso criativo da palavra à neve, à foto, à rede, bem como os impactos que essa materialidade estratificada traz a Snow em termos de sua complexa temporalidade.

Reading Hypertext as Cyborg: The Case of Patchwork Girl

This essay examines Patchwork Girl by Shelley Jackson to reveal how hypertext functions like the posthuman concept of the cyborg defined by Haraway as “a condensed image of bothimagination and material reality.” For the theoretical framework, I draw on Katherine Hayles and Rosi Braidotti’s theories of Posthumanism and cyborg subjectivity, among other Postmodernist Feminist ideas of the body and visual culture. Using these theories, my essay will answer the central question that underlies how this new revisionist and interactive medium of storytelling parodies the traditional roles of the author and the reader. Interpreting a ‘cyborg’ hypertext requires a “cyborg reader,” not only because the reader shares a posthuman connection with the narrative in terms of involving their gestures through touch and click, but also because the hypertext forces the reader to adopt a gaze that is equally modular and fragmentary. My paper argues that just like the medium of hypertext itself, the author and the reader become a part of the cyborg subjectivity.

The Sculptor and the Professor: Two ages of objectification by the film spectator

A paradigm shift has happened in the relationship between the spectator and the woman-on-the-screen. The shift from an analogue to a digital era implies that the dynamics of objectification have also shifted irrevocably. The two ages of voyeurism are characterized, respectively, through Hitchcock’s Rear Window (1954) and Alex Garland’s Ex Machina (2014). The paper reads that the voyeur in the analogue frame of Rear Window (Jeff) is in a metaphoric relationship with the women-through-his-lens while the spectator ‐ post-2013-drawing from an archive of pornography is in a synecdochic relationship where the woman is, to invoke Shelley Jackson, a ‘Stitch Bitch’. The article posits that the telltale shift has caused a change in the materiality of the woman which has, technologically, gravitated from a celluloid frame to an algorithmic reconstitution. It means, in the digital era, the spectator‐voyeur’s relationship with and the objectification of the woman has been reset: From Pin-up to the Patchwork girl.

ON THE STRUCTURE OF LINKS IN A HYPERTEXTUAL LITERARY WORK

The article explains the relevance of the research that is determined by the interest of modern linguistics in the study of the author's composition of literary works, which differs from the usual forms of the printed text. The aim of the research is to study the lexical and grammatical features of hypertext by examining the autobiographical novel “My Body" by Shelley Jackson. The material for the research is the hypertext of the autobiographical novel “My Body” by Shelley Jackson, which represents a new electronic form of the novel and is considered to be a lexicographic hypertext. When considering hypertext as a special branching structure of written communication, the definition of "hypertext" is suggested, the main types of hyperlinks presented in the novel under study are considered and illustrated. The analysis of the structure of the hypertext links presentation based on the novel under consideration showed that there are four types of relations between determinative and determinant in external syntagmas: attributive, objective, relational and predicative ones. Syntagmas in hyperlinks are studied according to the types of word combinations: nuclear and non-nuclear word combinations. Hyperlinks in the form of sentences (sentences and quasi-sentences) can also be found in the hypertext. The article analyses lexical and grammatical features of fictional e-hypertext by examining the novel “My Body" by Shelley Jackson. It has been found that relations between language units of different levels within the framework of the hypertext novel are systemic in nature. By using hyperlinks, the author helps the reader generate new ideas, preserving coherence of a literary work.

CADÁVER ESQUISITO, LEITOR CIBORGUE E INSCRIÇÃO MAGNÉTICA: TRÊS VISÕES DO TEXTO ELETRÓNICO

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão crítica sobre a investigação dedicada à materialidade do texto eletrónico. Ao optar por uma perspetiva tripartida, pretendo frisar três momentos essenciais da investigação feita na área da literatura digital. Sendo que cada uma destas etapas representa uma tentativa renovada de conferir à literatura digital um espaço único nos estudos literários, começarei por fazer referência a uma obra do período clássico da literatura eletrónica que ilustra o atrito inicial entre o medium impresso e o medium eletrónico. Patchwork Girl (1995) é uma obra de Shelley Jackson criada através do primeiro programa de hipertexto adotado para a criação de hiperficções eletrónicas. Numa segunda secção pretendo sublinhar uma viragem essencial no estudo da literatura eletrónica, em que a contraposição entre o formato impresso e digital é abandonada, dando lugar a uma análise da especificidade do meio. Este artigo terminará com uma reflexão sobre dois livros recentes de N. Katherine Hayles e Matthew Kirschenbaum, os quais assinalam um novo rumo no estudo da literatura eletrónica.