SOME PECULIARITIES OF SELF-CONCEPT FORMATION IN TEMPORAL-SPATIAL DIMENSION DURING THE PANDEMIC

The aim of the article is the theoretical correction and analysis of psychotherapeutic dream narratives regarding a deep understanding of self concepts in the intrapsychic and interpersonal dimension in the context of time and space. The articles consider various scientific approaches to the interpretation of the category of time and space in the context of the formation of concepts of self (author's approach). Measuring space during the time of detection with psychological patterns that create a person in the process of learning the experience of overcoming a certain distance in the process of a fixed period of time. The change of a person about life, which associatively in the psychotherapeutic space creates as fantasies or dreams about “the road, path, path, field, field, etc.” there are also deep mythological archetypal roots (transgenerational temporal and spatial experiences). Qualitative description of the consciousness of psychotherapeutic clients in the spatial and temporal narratives of transgenerational and individual experiences (while in a zone of self-isolation in a pandemic) is a proposal for psychotherapeutic reflections. Part of these ideas is always a dynamic assessment of self-attitude, which is formed gradually and forgets the usual nature of the concept of self, which is reviewed here and now in the social, information and motivational spheres. The research method offered a qualitative analysis of cases of psychotherapeutic cases during a pandemic in clients who lost loved ones or acquaintances. The result of research is the creation of a dynamic model of forming concepts of I in the ontogenetic perspective using different temporal and spatial zones of implicit and explicit experience in managing social influences on it here and now in the field: social, information and motivational. This makes it possible to understand the planes of psychotherapeutic interventions with the support of resource reproduction in times of social catastrophes. Conclusions summarize and accept new understandings and definitions of self-concepts.

‘That’s what the dream says’: The use of normalizing devices in dream reports

The paper examines the discursive construction of dream reports. Based on a discursive constructionist approach, the study reviews problematic aspects of constructing dream narratives. Particularly, dream-tellers need to display the external character of their reports and to demonstrate that – although in their dreams they saw and did strange things – they are normal and reliable agents. Subsequently, particular ways in which people report on unrealistic content of their dreams are explored. For this purpose, the use of normalizing devices in dream reports published on dream-sharing websites is analyzed. The study demonstrates that several normalizing devices, including contrast structures and two-part structures – such as ‘At first I thought X. . . but then I realized Y’ and ‘I was just doing X… when Y’ – are employed in dream reports. The study also suggests that the proper use of these devices might possibly contribute to the trustworthiness of dream reports in everyday interaction.

»die Träume gehören zweifellos zur Wirklichkeit«

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below] Theodor Storms Kindermärchen Der kleine Häwelmann, von dem Autor 1849 für seinen Sohn Hans verfasst und 1850 veröffentlicht, ist in seiner moralisch-komischen Form ein exemplarisches Exponat der Kinderliteratur des 19. Jahrhunderts. Gemäß der biedermeierlich gestimmten, belehrenden Funktion des Textes steht kindliche Allmachtsfantasie im Mittelpunkt des Geschehens. Die Haltung des ›Mehr-mehr‹ überschreitet indes die Grenzen der Moralerzählung. Entgegen der abschreckenden Funktion scheint vielmehr der kleine Häwelmann in der Verschränkung von Norm-Übertritt und Eskapismus ein ›modernes‹ Kind seiner Entstehungszeit zu sein und durchaus mit den Figuren des Struwwelpeters vergleichbar, die der Arzt und Kinderpsychiater Heinrich Hoffmann 1845 entworfen hat. »Dreams Undoubtedly Belong to Reality«Dream Narratives About Childhood and for Children The call for ›more!‹ is the force driving the protagonist of Theodor Storm’s literary fairy tale Der kleine Häwelmann (1850) on his imaginary journey through the night. This dream narrative is a combination of an exciting exploration of transcending borders with a hint of the moral tale, and can be seen as a model for the configuration of the dream motif in children’s and young adult literature. Although the dream narrative has a prominent place there, its investigation has hitherto almost exclusively taken place within the con­text of fantasy; the didactic functions of the dream, however, and the motif of the dream journey have largely been neglected. This article looks at how post­1945 children’s dream narratives explores representations of childhood. Benno Pludra’s Lütt Matten und die weiße Muschel (1963), a children’s story from the German Democratic Republic (GDR), is analysed and situated within the context of its literary system. Maurice Sendak’s Where the Wild Things Are (1963) is next considered in relation to Pludra’s text in order to pro­vide a contrastive view to a key text from the Western literary system. Both texts were hugely innovative for their time and respective systems, both use Storm’s Häwelmann as an intertextual anchor, and both, as this analysis shows, reveal recognisable societal discourses about childhood and cultural policies for children.

Dream to Create

In rapid eye movement (REM) dreams elements are taken out of their waking-life context and associated to portray a complex, non-obvious pattern in experience. In the last chapter we looked at this process as insight into a hidden pattern; here, we focus on the novel nature of the pattern. A series of dream scenes creates a narrative that has not been experienced. REM dream narratives are new, counterfactual, or fictional, but this fiction emerges from associations between elements of previous experiences (or prior knowledge). In this chapter I argue that wake and dream states are not totally differentiated. In particular, creative people may be in a dream-like state during wake; this would enable them to combine the creativity of the dream state with the secondary consciousness of the wake state. In this hybrid, de-differentiated state, creative individuals could imagine innovative, socially valuable, rather than purely personally meaningful, creative products.

The “European Dream”: Narratives of a Crisis in Film and photography

This monographic issue of Fotocinema aims to delve into how the arts and audiovisual media reflect on the idea of ​​Europe as a “Common Home”, on the deep crisis that it is experiencing today, and on the main challenges and problems it currently faces if it is to make its own regeneration and survival possible once again.

M190. USE OF NULL PRONOUNS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Background Schizophrenic speech show consistent disturbances in referentiality, which, from a communicative standpoint, manifest as incoherent speech. Referential failures are especially detected in the usage of pronouns. Literature reports that schizophrenics either use more pronouns without clear reference or more semantically rich anaphors than pronouns. Additionally, it is reported that psychosis language in the context of schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorder and bipolar disorder present more first-person pronouns; within individuals at high genetic risk of schizophrenia those who subsequently developed schizophrenia produced significantly more second-person pronouns than those who did not manifest the illness; and individuals with diagnosis of primary psychotic disorder increased their usage of pronouns, including first-person and second-person pronouns during the period prior to a relapse hospitalization. The abnormalities observed in the use pronouns suggest that schizophrenic patients have semantic-pragmatic issues. There are not many experimental studies devoted to pronouns in schizophrenia, and, according to our current knowledge, none of the existent ones focuses on pronouns without phonological content (null pronouns). In order to fulfill this gap, we present here an investigation of null pronouns in dream narratives produced by Brazilian schizophrenia patients. Methods Dream narratives from 20 schizophrenics and 20 control subjects, all native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, were screened for null subject pronouns. Participants were prompt to talk by the command: “please report a recent dream”. Each narrative sample was then transcribed, and the occurrence of subject null pronouns were annotated, together with its morphosyntactic features (person & number) and referential status (referential vs. non-referential/expletives). The number of overt and null (with and without phonological content respectively) pronouns in subject position were converted into ratios by dividing the number of occurrences of each pronoun type (overt and null) by the total number of words in the narrative. Next, overt and null pronouns were compared within and between groups. Results T-test comparison showed that the schizophrenia group produced significantly more null pronouns than control group (t(25.126) = 3.919; p = .001); and, that null pronouns were significantly more produced than overt pronouns in the schizophrenia group (t(38) = 3.242; p = .002). Multiple regression showed that total of null pronouns differentiate schizophrenia from control group (F(1,38) = 15.357, p = .001, R2 = .288). In addition, analysis of null pronoun differences between groups based on morphosyntactic features and referential status, showed that schizophrenics used significantly more null pronouns with third-person singular features (t(27.523) =2.699; p =.012) and non-referential pronouns (expletives) (t(23.608) = 2.808; p = 0,010) than control group. Discussion A closer look at third-person null pronouns in the schizophrenic narratives showed that these pronouns are quite often loose in terms of reference: of the total occurrences of third-person null pronouns in schizophrenia approximately 30% are without clear referent. In accordance, null expletives, which are empty of reference, are overused to the point of explaining group differences. This corroborates that schizophrenic speech has a reduced semantic-pragmatic load, with a general difficulty in using pronouns within a contextually framed discourse.

Narrative strategies of dream reports: focalization agencies

The article addresses the issue of the narrative strategy in dream reports as a case study of the English language online dream journals. In the research, I deploy focalization and evidentiality as key aspects for the analysis of narrative strategy in dream reports. The analysis focuses on the specific configurations of focalization types in dream narratives. I consider them as marked by possible divergencies of the “I”-of-the-dream from the “I”-of-the-narration as underpinning the difference between dream reports and personal experience stories. I demonstrate that evidentiality markers serve as means of navigation in narrative spaces. They point to the dream nature of a certain space that is distinct from real world. In my research, I single out focalization and evidentiality markers as pivotal in forming narrative strategy of rendering dream experience. It entails the narrative biases towards objectivity or subjectivity. In the research, I demonstrate that in terms of the subjective narrative strategy, the narrator approaches dreaming as a personal experience. This is manifested, first, in the “I”-of-the-dream being collateral to the “I”-of-the-narration as internal focalizing agency and, secondly, in the use of economical deictic means of navigation in narrative spaces. Conversely, the objective narrative strategy, first, involves external focalizing elements, i.e. the “I”-of-the-dream treated as external to the “I”-of-the narration, and secondly, it is manifest in the detailed propositions signaling the dream nature of the narrative space.

A Dreamed Form of Being

This paper attempts to develop a comparative approach to the dream narratives of the Daoist philosopher Zhuang Zhou and the Austrian poet Hugo von Hofmannsthal. The analogous rhetorical function of the dream in their texts links the two authors from different cultures and traditions. As will be argued, in using dreams to stress a challenging and even deconstructive view of the so-called reality, both Zhuang and Hofmannsthal articulate their skepticism against substantial notions of human subjectivity and offer an imaginary life-world which aims to remind us of the contingency of our being-forms. In so doing, they also shape an aesthetic way to keep oneself open to the perception and experience of the unbiased Dao or Being. Thus, their poetic texts can be read in the context of rethinking the boundary between our life and world.