A Study of the Reflection of Naturalism in the Heroine in Sister Carrie

Sister Carrie is one of the greatest works composed by Theodore Dreiser, one of the representatives of naturalists in American literature at the beginning of the 20th century. Among numerous works of Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie enjoys a quite high literary status, and also meets with different comments after its publication. The novel mainly tells the personal experiences of a rural beautiful girl Carrie in the big city Chicago. Driven by natural desires and urban environment, she changes her social status and original values in the end. Naturalism is a scientific and literary approach employed here to depict the characters in the novel where a person's fate is decided or predetermined by impersonal forces of nature and environment beyond human control. The novel is an experiment where the author could discover and analyze the natural forces and survival laws that influence personal behaviors, emotion and fate. This paper introduces the origin, development and characteristics of naturalism in American literature, studies the effect of human weakness on their life, and makes clear the influences of environment on people’s way of thinking and way of life.

METAPHORS IN THE NOVEL “SISTER CARRIE” BY THEODORE DREISER

The thesis deals with the issue of investigation of metaphors in Theodore Dreiser's novel “Sister Carrie”. The use of metaphors makes the novel more expressive and imaginary. Key words: metaphor, expressive means, stylistic means, fiction, Sister Carrie The issue of expressiveness in fiction is exceptionally important in the perception of the main idea of the novel. Creative heritage of outstanding writers, such as Theodore Dreiser, always attracted and attracts the attention of most researchers, both linguists and literary critics. Study of language means of these writers bears a great sense for revealing many sides of national literary language as a whole, for example, its history, expressive possibilities, rules and tendencies of language development in a definite period of time. All of these are possible only due to the deep penetration of the researchers to the creative laboratory of the writer. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study, conditioned by the aims and task set before the research, requires the following methods: semantic – contextual and functional analysis of metaphors; descriptive method of various approaches to the use and nature of metaphors; the method of theoretical substantiation of the essence of this stylistic device; method of continuous sampling of the actual language material; the method of comparative-typology.

The Confrontation between Desire and Morality: A Study of the Freudian Tendency in Sister Carrie

Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie (1900) suffered sharp criticism at the very moment of their appearance. Most critics and readers pointed out he depicted something amoral, especially on sexual amorality. Yet, with the development of feminism, a few years later Sister Carrie was appraised as the model of ‘new woman’ of the late 19th century. In the light of Freudian thought, the paper will not only draw attention to the confrontation between desire and morality but also to the effects of human inner mind in the external world in attempt to explore the permanent factors that influence human’s actions.

Genres of Valuation: Marginalist Economics and American Literary Realism

This essay argues that late nineteenth-century American fiction, as exemplified by William Dean Howells’s The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) and Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie (1900), is entangled in the period’s embrace of a new understanding of economic conditions, one premised on the significance of consumer data as the raw material of economic interpretation and fixated on mathematical analysis as a source of knowledge about value. Marginalism in economic theory and realism in American literary practice were contemporaneous efforts to mediate value at a moment of decisive transition in America, as a model of commodity-centered competitive capitalism yielded to the regime of corporate finance. The young academic economists of the period and their literary counterparts explained the economic landscape in much the same way and to many of the same ends. Both began with the daunting question of how to reimagine value in a world characterized by fictitious goods and increasingly abstract financial instruments, a world in which the labor theory of value seemed hopelessly outdated. Both responded to this challenge by proposing novel intellectual procedures for making values appear stable again by focusing on the subjective experiences of consumers. Finally, both marginalists and realists sought to provide a quasi-scientific bedrock for fixing values in consumer society not only by appealing nostalgically to an economy of actual goods and honest work but more importantly by accommodating readers, policy makers, and stakeholders of all kinds to the new realities of finance capitalism.

Linguistic peculiarities of functionality of authorial commentaries in the English literary text (based on the English-language novel “Sister Carrie” by Theodore Dreiser)

This article is dedicated to examination of verbal means of expression of authorial commentaries in English fiction. The relevance of the selected topic is defined by the fact that the question of characteristics of authorial commentaries remain an insufficiently studied area within the framework of interpretation of a literary work. Such linguists as R. Posner in the “Theory of Commentaries”, I. V. Arnold in the “Stylistics of Decoding”, and N. D. Arutyunova in her work “On the Problems of Structural Linguistics” have been dealing the topic at hand. Examination of the authorial commentaries allows assessing the depth and wholeness of the literary work. The article presents the analysis of linguistic means of functionality of authorial commentaries in the English-language novel “Sister Carrie” by Theodore Dreiser. Authorial commentaries manifest as one of the means for explication of dialogical nature of the literary text. Linguistic means emphasize the expressiveness of authorial commentaries within the framework of progression of a storyline. Most of the authorial commentaries in T. Dreiser's novel “Sister Carry” represent the contrasting contexts, reflected in the development of two thematic lines. To the first theme includes the associative series: beast – nature – the forces of life. The second semantic layer is demonstrated in the line: human – man – free will. Contrasting contexts originate the oppositions not only on the level of meaningful-logical information, but also on the level of subtext.

NATURALISTIC IM TURALISTIC IMAGES IN THE NO GES IN THE NOVEL “SISTER CARRIE” B VEL “SISTER CARRIE” BY THE AMERICAN WRITER THEODORE DREISER

The article is dedicated to the problem of study of naturalistic images in the novel “Sister Carrie” by the American writer Theodore Dreiser. In the world literature there is no common approach to the naturalistic literary works. The author of the article tries to consider this problem on the basis of his own research. In his opinion, not only Hurstwood, but Carrie, who had a great success in life, also a naturalistic image because of her moral degradation