Spatial Patterns of Carbon Monoxide Distribution to Traffic Jam in East Jakarta

The rapid growth of cities will certainly also increase traffic jams and emissions in the air. This study aims to analyze the increase in car volume and the CO distribution pattern in East Jakarta. Data for traffic jam patterns were recorded based on Google Maps on weekdays in the morning and evening. The spatial analysis method used to find the CO distribution pattern is the IDW interpolation, and the mathematical model calculates the moving emission based on the distance travelled (VKT). The spatial pattern of CO distribution in 2020 was scattered with high concentrations in Pasar Rebo, Ciracas, Cipayung, Kramat Jati, and Makasar Districts, with CO levels above 4,500 ppm. The spatial pattern of CO distribution from the mobile emission model differs from the air station IDW interpolation. The CO distribution pattern from the mobile emission model is very concentrated in Makassar, and Kramat Jati District was 6,740.91 tons/year. The result concluded that the increase in vehicle volume is not related to the distribution of the CO model from air station IDW interpolation, and the other hand, the congestion pattern was related to the distribution pattern of the CO model from vehicles from the level of congestion.

Estimation of land-based emissions during container terminal operations in the Ambarlı Port, Turkey

Many types of mobile vehicles are used simultaneously in container terminal operations. Because most of these mobile vehicles have diesel engines, they emit a significant amount of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere during their operation. They are considered as land-based mobile emission sources (MobES) and should be included in the total port emission inventory. The emission inventory is a basic requirement in developing an environmental management strategy to improve emission control. In this context, this study aims to estimate the emission inventories of mobile vehicles used in terminal operations in the Ambarlı container ports located in the city of Istanbul, which is one of the most populous cities in the world. In this respect, the amounts of the emissions of all the container handling equipment with diesel engines in the port areas, including external trucks delivering/receiving containers to/from the port were estimated using an activity-based method. It has been found that approximately 42.39% of the total CO2 emission is owing to terminal tractors and the total annual CO2 value per TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) of MobES is 0.01259 tons. The CO2 value per TEU can serve as a CO2 emission performance indicator for land-based MobES in process of the evaluation of emission inventories in container ports.

Researches on a photocatalytic device for toxic hydrocarbons removal from IC engine exhausts

Hydrocarbons, especially aromatic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), emitted by IC engines, indisputably have a negative impact on the environment and public health. Even though current legislation strongly impacts on their low concentration in the exhausts, not quantity but the quality of those substances determines fumes toxicity. The paper presents results of the researches on a photocatalytic device dedicated to BTX (benzene-toluene-xylene) removal from IC engine exhausts, which can be applied in a vehicle cabin ventilation system. According to the results, the system is able to decrease toxic compounds concentration (caused by mobile emission sources) in inlet-air delivered to the vehicle interior. In effect, the system application reduces the users of a vehicle to exposure on contaminants.

Experimental Study of Moving Truck Emissions on Inter-City National Road: A Case Study of Malino Main Road

The research aimed to determine exhaust emission and speed of the truck when moving. Measurements were made using a mobile emission analyzer that absorbed emission from truck exhaust. Data collection was done by putting mobile emission analyzer on the right side of the vehicle which absorbs 5 emissions of approximately 5 minutes. The relationship of exhaust emission and speed uses the polynomial model of the average value of exhaust emission and speed. The reliability of mobile emission analyzer uses the multiplier factor to solve the data difference between mobile emission analyzer and Bosowa equipment. The results of research indicate emission of CO2, NOx, Smoke, CO, and HC forming driving cycle pattern. This pattern shows the pattern follows parabola tendency. Emission on damaged road is higher than good road although the emission values are not much different. However, the value of emission of Smoke is relatively equal in both road conditions.

Shielding Efficiency of a Fabric Based on Amorphous Glass-Covered Magnetic Microwires to Radiation Emitted by a Mobile Phone in 2G and 3G Communication Technologies

A dual band mobile phone model was used to check the shielding properties of an amorphous ferromagnetic textile against the radiation emitted by the handset. Two frequencies belonging to the 2nd and 3rd generation of mobile emission technologies were used, 897 MHz and 1950 MHz. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of energy deposition in a human head phantom was measured in standardized conditions. The textile contained micrometric-diameter wires of a ferromagnetic mixture embedded in a thin glass coat and weaved in a specific way. A set of fabric orientations and configurations (layering) were provided in the experiment in order to achieve a better shielding to the phone’s radiation. Compared with the non-shielded handset, SAR deposited in the head while using the fabric-covered phone could be decreased up to 30 % of its initial value – in case of 2G technology and up to 24 % – in case of 3G technology. This type of material shows one of the highest shielding efficiencies of the electric-field component in near-field exposure conditions reported until now. A cubic curve of SAR decrease in depth of the head was revealed in both uncovered and covered handset, the effect of shielding being larger at the higher frequency.

Evaluating the Performance of a Newly Developed Carbon Capture Device for Mobile Emission Sources

In the present study, a new carbon capture device that can be carried on-board vehicles has been developed and tested. The developed device uses absorption and adsorption methods of postcombustion CO2 capture. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pellets and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 have been used as solvents and sorbents in the device. The CO2 capture efficiency has been evaluated at a wide range of operating conditions. The results showed that the higher the concentration of the solvent, the higher the capture efficiency, i.e., w 100% capture efficiency, being obtained at full saturation of NaOH. In addition, the increase in the solution temperature increases the capture efficiency up to 50 °C. Design of the gas distributer in the device has also a notable effect on CO2 capture. It was found that solvent prepared with seawater can provide high capture efficiency over a wide range of operation, but in general, it has a lower capture efficiency than that prepared by tap water. Moreover, solvents prepared by NaOH have a superior CO2 capture efficiency over those prepared by Ca(OH)2. For the adsorption technique, a 50% NaOH and 50% Ca(OH) mixture by mass has provided the highest capture efficiency compared with each sorbent when used alone.

Use of Statewide Models as a Decision Tool for Zero-Emission Vehicles Deployment

Under worldwide environmental stress, zero-emission vehicles (ZEV) are rapidly coming to market. However, it is not clear how such vehicles reduce vehicular emissions at a spatially explicit level, which is crucial for developing specific policies. This study proposed a quantitative approach to estimate the effectiveness of ZEVs in reducing emissions to support investment decisions promoting the use of ZEVs. The approach uses existing statewide travel demand and mobile emission models in an integrated framework. Scenarios are designed to measure the emissions reduction effects of ZEVs at different spatial scales (statewide, county, and roadway) and characteristics (densely and sparsely populated counties) and with various levels of market penetration and driving range limits. Results show significant spatial differentiation of the impact of ZEV deployment from county to roadway levels. Offering greater spatial detail and new insights on decision-making processes, this study described an integrated tool for identifying effective strategies for ZEV implementation.