Spatial Patterns of Carbon Monoxide Distribution to Traffic Jam in East Jakarta

The rapid growth of cities will certainly also increase traffic jams and emissions in the air. This study aims to analyze the increase in car volume and the CO distribution pattern in East Jakarta. Data for traffic jam patterns were recorded based on Google Maps on weekdays in the morning and evening. The spatial analysis method used to find the CO distribution pattern is the IDW interpolation, and the mathematical model calculates the moving emission based on the distance travelled (VKT). The spatial pattern of CO distribution in 2020 was scattered with high concentrations in Pasar Rebo, Ciracas, Cipayung, Kramat Jati, and Makasar Districts, with CO levels above 4,500 ppm. The spatial pattern of CO distribution from the mobile emission model differs from the air station IDW interpolation. The CO distribution pattern from the mobile emission model is very concentrated in Makassar, and Kramat Jati District was 6,740.91 tons/year. The result concluded that the increase in vehicle volume is not related to the distribution of the CO model from air station IDW interpolation, and the other hand, the congestion pattern was related to the distribution pattern of the CO model from vehicles from the level of congestion.

The effect of sub-climatic characteristics on urban behavior patterns based on two case studies: Yazd (hot and arid climate) and Fooman (moderate and humid climate) urban spaces

Severe climatic conditions are considered as one of the main factors shaping and in some cases limiting urban behaviors. Accordingly, environmental designers seek to make urban spaces usable for a wide range of behaviors during different times by bringing sub-climates closer to the comfort zone. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of sub-climate on behavioral patterns and explore solutions to moderate harsh climatic conditions in architecture and urban planning. This study compared the behavioral patterns of space users in hot and arid (Yazd) and moderate and humid (Fooman) climates. The recording of behavioral patterns was achieved by using the observation method (time-lapse photography) and analysis through the spatial analysis method. Based on the results, climatic characteristics affect both types of urban activities and the time cycles of their occurrence. Severe climatic conditions limit urban behaviors to essential activities and merely transcend space. Such states do not allow for a wide range of optional and social activities. Spatial physical tools such as building density, enclosure, occupancy level, amount of retreat on the ground floor and upper floors, type of building material, and the amount of green space have been used in historical formal-spatial patterns of Iran to moderate the harsh climatic conditions.

Analysis of drought index to asses land and forest fire season in Maros Regency

Forest and land fires occur almost every year, so they are a concern and priority in their control efforts. One of the important factors in the effort to control forest and land fires is knowing the times and locations that are prone to forest and land fires. This study aims to describe the level of drought and areas prone to forest and land fires in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. This research was conducted in January to August 2017. The data collection was obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency, the Climate Change Control Center, and the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The data were analyzed using the Polygon Thiessen method, the Keecth Byram Drought Index (KBDI) method, and the spatial analysis method. The results showed that extreme drought conditions in Maros Regency occurred from September to October based on observations of maximum rainfall and temperature. The forest area classified as moderate forest fire danger rating dominates the Maros Regency area, namely 73418.67 ha (45.77%). Maros Regency which is included in the area with a very high forest fire danger rating is Tompobulu and Cenrana Districts.

Mapping of Re-Assessing Gentrification Process Post-Pandemic COVID-19 in The Old Town Semarang, Indonesia

The revitalization of The Semarang Old Town revived this area as a tourist destination and generated regional economic growth. Several new restaurants, coffee shops, galleries, and other economic activities emerge along with tourism development. Job vacancies were offered and attracted newcomers to work as well as to invest. Consequently, properties that previously had no economic value became a potential asset, increasing land prices and building rental prices significantly. Hence, gentrification becomes an inevitable phenomenon. Local communities previously inhabited vacant buildings for years were displaced because the buildings would be restored and then rented out. However, these situations changed after the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, that many restrictions on community activities, including tourism. Visitors’ numbers decrease drastically, making many businesses in the Old Town suffer losses. It pointed by several coffee shops and restaurants closed, or they did not extend the rents. In contrast, the number of informal sectors which restricted surged in line with many work terminations. Hence, this study aims to re-assess the gentrification process along with the socio-economic changes after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a quantitative method by applying the spatial analysis method, which compares aspects such as physical transformation, space use, land prices, rent prices, land ownership, and population growth before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Operational site selection for disaster management bases in Tehran, Iran

Natural disasters play a main role in human life. It should be taken into consideration that it is impossible to predict these disasters from happening, but preparation for a good response for these disasters can be a good solution to decrease post-damage casualties in the cities. Herein, Disaster Management Bases in terms of prevention, preparation and dealing with the crisis play a key role, especially in Tehran and in times of natural disasters. There is no doubt that a high level and efficient function of these bases has a striking correlation with the way they are located in both an urban and regional level in a way that in addition to providing security of the bases against disasters, based on the service area they could be able to provide good services for the areas of crisis. This paper tries to use Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques and spatial analysis method in order to assess the effectiveness of these bases. Based on assessments Disaster Management Bases have spontaneously distributed in Tehran and have located in inappropriate places. Thus using MCDM with GIS analysis, the best locations in case study area was proposed.

ANALISIS KECUKUPAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU (RTH) KOTA BATAM

Batam City is an industrial city and has a total area of 1,570.35 km2 with a land area of 715 km2. Following the economic development and increasing population, the green open space in Batam City is decreasing. The purpose of this research was to analyze the adequacy of Batam’s green open space based on the criteria of Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning and Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 5 of 2008 concerning Guidelines and Utilization of Green Open Space. This research was conducted with a spatial analysis method based on land cover information from the interpretation of Landsat 8 OLI image recording on 05-06-2018. Based on the results showed that Batam’s green open space is still 221.400 ha or 32.05% from land area. It means, Batam City’s open space is still sufficient at least 30% according to Law No. 26 of 2007 and Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 5 of 2008. The largest type of land cover in green open space is secondary dry land forest, covering 79.200 ha (11.45%). Keyword : Batam City, analysis, green open space.

The Research on Temporal–Spatial Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Ancient Ruins in Shaanxi Province

This paper uses the spatial analysis method of GIS to study the temporal–spatial distribution characteristics of ancient sites from the Han to the Tang periods in Shaanxi Province. (1) Analysis of topographic features reveals that ancient sites in Shaanxi Province are concentrated in plain areas with slopes due south, east, and southeast, elevations of about 866m, and slopes of 0 to 3°. (2) From the point line analysis, founding the sites are concentrated in the range of 10km, the farther away from the river, the fewer tombs distributed, it shows that the distribution of ancient tombs is linear. (3) The final kernel density analysis found that the site sites from the Han to the Northern and Southern Dynasties were concentrated in the Guanzhong Plain, while the distribution in other areas was more scattered; In the Sui and the Tang Dynasties, the sites were mainly distributed in Guanzhong Plain with Xi'an as the center. Studying the temporal–spatial distribution characteristics of ancient sites can not only explore the relationship between the development of ancient human society and the evolution of the natural environment but also provide a reference for the further study of sites in the future.

Research on Spatial Dependence of Regional Highway Network and Economic Development

In order to simplify the decision-making of highway construction planning, GIS spatial analysis method and mathematical statistics method are combined to establish a mathematical model of the spatial dependence relationship between highway density and economic development indicators. The model can explain 79.8% of the highway development demand in Gansu Province, and has good accuracy and reliability. The model is used to check the density of highway network in the planning year, which can evaluate the adaptability of highway network construction and economic development, so as to simplify the pre-feasibility study of highway engineering.