METAPHORICAL VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT BASKETBALL

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of lexical and stylistic features of modern Ukrainian language sports media discourse. The study was performed taking into account certain principles of cognitive linguistics, according to which the concept BASKETBALL as a part of the conceptosphere SPORT can be interpreted as a target concept in the process of semantic shift and the formation of secondary nomination in sports comments.Methods. The research uses a general scientific descriptive method and sampling method, as well as some techniques of conceptual analysis, methods of metaphorical modeling and lexical and stylistic analysis.Results. According to the results of the study, live broadcasts with a total duration of about 14 hours were analyzed, accompanied by a Ukrainian-language or bilingual (with the participation of a Ukrainian-speaking commentator and a Russian-speaking specialist) commentary. A number of metaphorical verbalizers of the concept BASKETBALL have been recorded and characterized, which are divided into four types according to semantic differentiation – anthropomorphic, artefact, sociomorphic and natural-morphic. Within each of the types, the collected illustrative material is classified on the basis of a specific donor concept, which caused a semantic shift in associations or similarity, and divided into metaphorical models that reflect the specifics of the metaphorization mechanism, pointing to the correlated source-concept-goal pair. The semantic expediency of metaphorical verbalization of the concept BASKETBALL and stylistic functions performed in sports commentary are explained.Conclusions. Metaphorical verbalization of the concept of BASKETBALL in Ukrainian-language sports media discourse is typical for textual support of broadcasts of other sports. Based on the separation of the common seven, which caused the metaphorical transfer, the models “basketball– man”, “basketball – artifact”, “basketball – rest”, “basketball – war”, “basketball – history”, “basketball – culture”, “basketball – crime”, “basketball – nature”, which form the basis of the figurative component of sports comments.Key words: vocabulary, media discourse, metaphor, sports commentary, stylistic device. Вступ. Статтю присвячено аналізу лексико-стилістичних особливостей сучасного українськомовного спортивного медіадискурсу. Дослідження виконано з урахуванням окремих засад когнітивної лінгвістики, відповідно до яких концепт БАСКЕТБОЛ як частину концептосфери СПОРТ можна трактувати концептом-ціллю у процесі семантичного зрушення та формування вторинної номінації у спортивних коментарях цього виду спорту. Методи. У дослідженні застосовано загальнонаукові описовий метод та метод вибірки, а також окремі прийоми концептуального аналізу, методи метафоричного моделювання та лексико-стилістичного аналізу. Результати. За підсумками проведеного дослідження проаналізовано прямі трансляції загальною тривалістю близько 14 годин, що супроводжувались українськомовним або білінгвальним (за участі українськомовного коментатора та російськомовного фахівця) коментарем. Зафіксовано та схарактеризовано низку метафоричних вербалізаторів концепту БАСКЕТБОЛ, що розподілені за чотирма типами відповідно до змістової диференціації: антропоморфного, артефактного, соціоморфного та приро-доморфного. У межах кожного з типів зібраний ілюстративний матеріал класифіковано на основі визначеного концепту-джерела, що за асоціаціями чи подібністю спричинив семантичне зрушення, та поділено на метафоричні моделі, які відбивають специфіку механізму метафоризації, вказуючи на корелятивну пару концет-джерело – концепт-ціль. Пояснено семантичну доцільність метафоричної вербалізації концепту БАСКЕТБОЛ та стилістичні функції, виконувані у спортивному коментарі. Висновки. Метафорична вербалізація концепту БАСКЕТБОЛ в українськомовному спортивному медіадискурсі є типовою для текстового супроводу трансляцій різних видів спорту. На підставі виокремлення спільної семи, що спричинила метафоричне перенесення, визначено моделі «баскетбол – людина», «баскетбол – артефакт», «баскетбол – відпочинок», «баскетбол – війна», «баскетбол – історія», «баскетбол – культура», «баскетбол – кримінал», «баскетбол – природа», які становлять основу образної складової спортивних коментарів. Ключові слова: лексика, медіадискурс, метафора, спортивний коментар, стилістичний засіб.

Adding Crowd Noise to Sports Commentary using Generative Models

Crowd noise forms an integral part of a live sports experience. In the post-COVID era, when live audiences are absent, crowd noise needs to be added to the live commentary. This paper exploits the correlation between commentary and crowd noise of a live sports event and presents an audio stylizing sports commentary method by generating live stadium-like sound using neural generative models. We use the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based architectures such as Cycle-consistent GANs (Cycle-GANs) and Mel-GANs to generate live stadium-like sound samples given the live commentary. Due to the unavailability of raw commentary sound samples, we use end-to-end time-domain source separation models (SEGAN and Wave-U-Net) to extract commentary sound from combined recordings of the live sound acquired from YouTube highlights of soccer videos. We present a qualitative and a subjective user evaluation of the similarity of the generated live sound with the reference live sound.

Język sportu w perspektywie mediolingwistycznej – zarys problematyki.

The language of sport has not been a widely researched area in Polish studies. The communication-related change, the development of social media, the commercialisation of sports are the most important factors contributing to transformations noticeable in the discussed language variety. This paper adopts the medialinguistic perspective and attempts to describe the primary directions of changes in the language of sport, with a particular focus on the fading boundaries between the individual subtypes which have been discussed in taxonomies to date. Keywords: language of sport – media linguistics – media – sports commentary.

CONSTITUTIVE PARAMETERS OF A SPORTS COMMENTARY AS A GENRE OF SPORTS DISCOURSE

New media technologies and social media have further added to and exacerbated the powerful cultural configuration that sport (and) media comprise. Sport should be understood as a complex site with many intersecting and interrelated levels and elements that are mutually self-constituting. Modern research in the field of sports discourse, in particular the problem of analyzing sports commentary as a genre of discourse of sport still remains unresolved. The aim of the study is to establish the constitutive characteristics of tennis commentary as a genre of sports discourse. Live tennis commentary is shown to be an internally complex form of media communication that combines elements of live spoken informal conversation. The typology of sports commentary as a genre of sports discourse is determined by the following constitutive characteristics: phatic function, which includes cognitive and axiological competence, descriptiveness and presentation of utterance, semantic sufficiency and control of semantic redundancy, understanding of the context and speech continuum; instrumentality: communicative influence (suggestion), evaluation and dialogicity: appeal to TV viewers. The communicative behavior of the tennis commentator is characterized by a number of specific functions — moderation, the presence of cognitive and axiological competence, descriptiveness and presentation, manifested in the evaluation / figures of speech.

Genres sports discourse: linguistic and cognitive aspect

The monograph is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of "discourse" from the perspective of its institutionality. The focus of research interest is sports discourse, presented in the form of a complex conceptual space with a particular genre-stylistic and pragmatic characteristics. As a material of study are sports articles, sports interviews and sports commentary, considered as genres of sports discourse, allocated according to criteria focus of the text and its function. The use of frame analysis, content analysis and conversational analysis have shown the peculiarities of representation of speech and thoughts of individuals, operating in the conditions of specific discursive practices. Addressed to specialists in the field of language theory, cognitive linguistics, decorology, pragmatics, teachers, postgraduates and students.

PHONOSTYLISTIC VARIABILITY OF COMMENTING IN A GERMAN SPORTS REPORT

The article is devoted to the variation of pronunciation depending on the stylistic features of oral texts. Phonostylistic means act as significant indicators of variation of the pronunciation norm. One of the genres in which the dependence of the change in phonetic-prosodic means on the nature of extralinguistic parameters is clearly traced is sports commentary. The focus of the study is the degree to which articulation clarity is implemented at various stages of commenting. When conducting phonostylistic studies, it is advisable to take into consideration three degrees of articulation clarity: very high, medium-high, and reduced. At each stage of a sports competition commentators form a certain psychophysiological state that affects the clarity of articulation. The article provides an audit analysis at the segmental level, which helps to trace the completeness of the implementation of sounds and their variation in various phases of building a sports report. As a rule, in any sports report four phases can be distinguished that describe fragments that are not saturated with struggle, phases of active rivalry, victory and defeat. As indicators of the segmented level of speech we consider the implementation of a solid attack at the beginning of a word and syllable, the implementation of the longitude of a vowel in an stressed syllable, the implementation of aspiration of deaf sensory-explosive consonants “p”, “t”, “k”, the implementation of “r” in a closed syllable in a position after a short vowel, the implementation of a reduced vowel “e” in finite syllables, realization of the final consonant “t”. Phonostylistic changes are due to the psychophysiological reaction of the speaker to the actions of the athletes at the time they show strong-willed efforts to achieve victory or, conversely, when the course of the competition changes, when the favorites do not justify the hopes placed on them.

Viewing the Game Textually: Online Consumption of Live Text Commentary as Alternate Spectatorship Among Nigerian Football Fans

Live text commentary has, in recent years, emerged as a prominent mode of reporting sports actions to an online audience in real time. Prior studies have mainly adopted a textual analysis approach in examining this written genre of sports commentary. Working within a media multitasking and technology acceptance paradigm, this study investigated the patterns of, perceptions, and motivations that drive online consumption of live text commentary among football fans. Data were obtained from a survey of 312 Nigerian football fans. Findings showed that Nigerian fans access live text commentary in a supplementary and contemporaneous fashion with television and radio live football broadcasts. It was revealed that fans were more likely to access live text commentary to follow European football league matches than those of the domestic league. However, the local–foreign spectatorship preference margin was found to be minimal when fans follow country-based football matches. Results also established that fans' motivations and perceptions, which were found to be more utilitarian than hedonic in direction, significantly mediate the relationship between actual consumption and intention for future consumption of live text commentary. Implications and contributions of the study's findings were discussed.