Bond-Equivalent Basis

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Basis

Bond-Equivalent Basis

2008 ◽  
pp. 37-37
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Basis

Quantitative Histochemical Analysis of Starch, Malate and K+, together with the Activity of Phospho-enolpyruvate Carboxylase along an Elongating Primary Leaf of Hordeum vulgare

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1092-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hampp ◽  
W. H. Outlaw ◽  
H. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Equivalent Basis ◽  
Intercalary Meristem ◽  
Minor Portion ◽  
A Minor

The content of starch, malate, potassium and the activity of phospho-enolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) were analyzed by quantitative histochemistry in mesophyll cells of different zones along the axis of lyophylized primary elongating leaves of barley. The concentrations of potassium and malate were low in the region of the intercalary meristem (close to the point of grain attachment), but concentrations of solutes increased abruptly and stoichiometrically (equivalent basis) in the elongation zone (2 to 10 mm from the leaf base), where they contributed approximately -0.17 megapascal to the solute potential. Although this solute concentration represents only a minor portion of the reported solute potential, the specific nature of the change, its correlation with a decrease of starch content, and the distribution of the activity of PEPC indicate cell expansion in barley could be augmented by a potassium malate osmoregulatory system that utilizes starch as a source of carbon skeletons.

Generalization of the basis property on finite groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150111
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Al-Dayel ◽  
Ahmad Al Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Finite Group ◽  
Finite Groups ◽  
Frobenius Group ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Basis Property ◽  
Generating Set ◽  
Equivalent Basis ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Minimal Generating Set

A group [Formula: see text] has the Basis Property if every subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] has an equivalent basis (minimal generating set). We studied a special case of the finite group with the Basis Property, when [Formula: see text]-group [Formula: see text] is an abelian group. We found the necessary and sufficient conditions on an abelian [Formula: see text]-group [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with the Basis Property to be kernel of Frobenius group.

New UK immigration plans will favour non-EU migrants

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recruitment Methods ◽  
Equivalent Basis ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
Treat All ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New System

Subject UK immigration plans. Significance The UK government has announced plans for the immigration system for workers after the end of the Brexit transition period in December 2020. Free movement will end, and the new system will treat all EU citizens (except Irish citizens) and non-EU citizens on a broadly equivalent basis. Impacts Sectors adversely affected by the new immigration plans will have to invest strongly in new recruitment methods. Immigration restrictions will increase the number of low-skilled EU workers heading to countries such as Germany, France and Ireland. There may be some upward pressure on wages in specific sectors, although the overall impact on real wages is likely to be small.

scholarly journals The use of levelised cost in comparing supply and demand side options

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fane ◽  
J. Robinson ◽  
S. White
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Infrastructure Networks ◽  
Equivalent Basis ◽  
Constant Unit

This paper explores the use of levelised cost in planning for infrastructure networks. Levelised cost provides a useful measure comparing supply or conservation options on varying scales on an equivalent basis. Comparison is made to annualised cost, a metric often used as a means of comparing different supply side options. Urban water supply is used as the primary example, however levelised cost is equally applicable to other infrastructure networks, such as electricity or gas. The levelised cost is calculated as the ratio of the present value of projected capital and operating cost of an option to the present value of the projected annual demand supplied or saved by the option. The paper demonstrates that levelised cost is the constant unit cost of supply, provided by an option at present value. It is also the average incremental cost of the option at the point of implementation. When translated to a unit cost, annualised cost does not account for unutilised capacity in large scale schemes, systematically under-representing actual costs. By using levelised cost this inherent bias is removed. Use of levelised cost would facilitate the inclusion of smaller scale and more incremental supply options into infrastructure networks providing both economic and environmental benefits.

Causes of Growth Reduction in Elongating and Expanding Leaf Tissue of Sugarcane Under Saline Conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kumar ◽  
KM Naidu ◽  
HL Sehtiya
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Equivalent Basis ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Sugar Levels

Plants of sugarcane, cv. Co 1148, were subjected to salinisation with 200 milliequivalents L-1 of Cl- -type salts mixture (having Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ as 3 :1:1 and Cl- and SO42- as 4:1 on a milli- equivalent basis) for two weeks or more during the tillering phase. Soluble sugar concentrations increased by 55% in the blades of recently matured leaves (source tissues) and by nearly 225% in the elongating sheath bases (sink tissues) as a result of salinisation. Leaf elongation within 3 h of desalin- isation was much faster than for the non-saline controls. The accumulated sugars also dropped in the rapidly elongating sheath bases by 43% during this period after desalinisation. Further, the drop in sugar levels upon desalinisation was of greater magnitude in the more rapidly growing sheath bases. The present studies indicate that even though the supply of carbohydrates from the source tissues is reduced, the sink tissues are not able to make use of these sugars under saline conditions. As Na+ and Cl- concentrations did not change within 3 h of desalinisation, the ions themselves did not appear to affect metabolic activities of the sink tissues; this suggestion is further supported by the utilisation of accumulated sugars within 3 h of desalinisation.

Paper 10: Commissioning of Power Plant

1968 ◽  
Vol 183 (15) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
B. Hernen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Logical Sequence ◽  
Equivalent Basis ◽  
Design Construction

This paper discusses some of the major organizational and technical problems encountered in commissioning modern power plant. The way in which these problems were approached at the 2000-MW Fawley Power Station are discussed. The author advances the view that the advent of complex and high capital cost plant necessitates the development of commissioning expertise as a specialized branch of engineering on an equivalent basis to the related skills of design, construction, and operation. The adoption of this further specialization requires careful integration with the other project functions and one way of achieving this is outlined. Most plant items are first subjected to their designed operating conditions when a unit is initially operated at its rated load. Failures of components at this time can impose heavy revenue losses on the operator, and it is therefore advisable to subject components to their designed operating conditions before a unit is put on load. This procedure enables repairs or modifications to be carried out before components are required for service. Commissioning of computer control equipment can be integrated with other commissioning activities, but a logical sequence must be employed. Techniques used at Fawley are outlined.

scholarly journals Efforts to rehabilitate the disabled in Pakistan: A study in terms Prophet’s (peace be upon him) teachings

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umm e Salma
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Disable People ◽  
The People ◽  
Equivalent Basis ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Actual Contribution

The persons with debilities may have long-term physical, mental, logical or sensual injuries which in contact with several obstacles may obstruct their full and actual contribution in the society on an equivalent basis with others. In the early era, disable people were treated badly, even sometimes they were killed. While being the religion of peace, Islam doesn’t allow any of such inhuman behavior but provide them relaxation in its commandments and the people who treat them properly are appreciated. In Pakistan, several efforts are made to rehabilitate the disabled ones. This paper is an attempt to show these efforts and compare it with the teachings of Prophet (peace be upon him) regarding people with disabilities; which will be a fruitful contribution for the welfare of the people with disabilities.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 Salinity on Cucumber Grown in a Closed Hydroponic System

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidanka Trajkova ◽  
Nicolas Papadantonakis ◽  
Dimitrios Savvas
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Nacl Salinity ◽  
Equivalent Basis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Experimental Treatments

The objective of this study was to discriminate among Na, Cl, and Ca salinity effects on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Cucumber plants grown in perlite were exposed for 134 days to low and moderate levels of salinity induced by the addition of either NaCl or CaCl2 at equal rates (on a chemical equivalent basis) to a standard nutrient solution for cucumber up to two target electrical conductivity (EC) levels (3.0 and 5.0 dS·m–1). The experimental treatments included also a control, which was irrigated with the standard nutrient solution without additional salt. The mean EC values in the drainage solution were 2.35, 3.94, 4.2, 6.31, and 6.35 dS·m–1 for the control, low NaCl, low CaCl2, high NaCl, and high CaCl2 treatments, respectively. The fresh and dry weights of stems and leaves were reduced only under conditions of high NaCl salinity, whereas root mass was not affected. Fruit yield decreased in proportion to the increase in NaCl salinity, while CaCl2 salinity reduced yield only at the high EC, to a level that corresponded to the low NaCl salinity. The suppression of yield with increasing salinity resulted mainly from a decrease in fruit size, while the number of fruit per plant was reduced to a lesser extent. These changes caused a reduction in the number of Class I fruit and an increase in nonmarketable produce. Both salinity sources enhanced the total soluble solids and the fruit chlorophyll concentration. NaCl salinity appreciably raised the concentrations of Na and Cl in young and old leaves, and suppressed the K concentration. CaCl2 salinity increased leaf Cl and Ca levels and diminished Mg and K. It is concluded that cucumber is more susceptible to NaCl salinity than to equal EC levels of CaCl2 salinity.

The effects of magnesium deficiency on the quality and magnesium content of flue-cured tobacco leaf

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
A Pinkerton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Equivalent Basis

In an outdoor trial with tobacco in sand culture, two levels of magnesium were supplied initially in the nutrient solution. The effects on quality and magnesium concentration in the cured leaf when magnesium was withheld from the nutrient were studied. When the magnesium supply was inadequate the reduction in magnesium concentration in leaves was largely accounted for by the diluting effect of increase in dry weight, and was accentuated under conditions of extreme deficiency by transference of magnesium from older leaves to actively expanding tissues nearer the apex. The effects of deficiency on quality depended partly on the amount of magnesium the plant had absorbed before the cessation of magnesium supply. To avoid loss of quality, magnesium in the nutrient solution had to be maintained at 20 % at least of the total cations (equivalent basis) until plants had been 'topped' (i.e. inflorescence removed) and the total leaf area of the plant had reached c. two-thirds of its final size.

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