Relationship between Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection with Patency Tubal and Non-Patency Tubal Occurrence in Infertile Women

AIM: To determine the relationship between Chlamydia Trachomatis infections with patency tubal and non-patency tubal occurrence in infertile women. METHODS: This research was an observational analytic research with a cross-sectional study. This research was conducted at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, Pramita Laboratory Medan and Medical Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara. Laboratory on October 2017 until the number of samples was fulfilled. The samples were women who were referred to Pramita Laboratory Medan for hysterosalpingography procedure in accordance which corresponded to the inclusion criteria by using consecutive sampling technique. RESULTS: From this research, it was found that the most infertile women were aged 31-35 years, with the most infertility type was primary infertility (83,8%) with the longest infertility duration was ≥ 3 years (44%). From all samples who were infertile, 26% among them were positive to chlamydia infection. Eight from twelve people who were infected by Chlamydia Trachomatis experienced non-patency tubal (66.7%) with p-value = 0.001 which showed that there was a relationship between Chlamydia Trachomatis infection with patency tubal and non-patency tubal occurrence in infertile women. CONCLUSION: The proportion of Chlamydia Trachomatis infection in tubal abnormality in this study was 66.7%, whereas Chlamydia Trachomatis infection in the normal tube was 13.2%. It was obtained that there was a significant relationship between Chlamydia Trachomatis infection with tubal abnormality (non-patency tubal) with p-value < 0.005 (p = 0.001).

Minimum lattice length and ropelength of knots

Let Len (K) be the minimum length of a knot on the cubic lattice (namely the minimum length necessary to construct the knot in the cubic lattice). This paper provides upper bounds for Len (K) of a nontrivial knot K in terms of its crossing number c(K) as follows: [Formula: see text] The ropelength of a knot is the quotient of its length by its thickness, the radius of the largest embedded normal tube around the knot. We also provide upper bounds for the minimum ropelength Rop (K) which is close to twice Len (K): [Formula: see text]

Prospect of Identification of Different Corrosion Product by Near-IR Photography

The present work is a preliminary work on the development of NIR camera photograph as alternative tool for corrosion product identification. Corrosion products were taken from two different carbon steel tubes side, one is from thinning tube side, the other is from normal tube side. From optical microscope data, it was observed that the thinning tube side surface has elongated microstructure while the other has normal microstructure. It was also observed that more stable oxide in the form of hematite formed on the thinning tube side, while the other side has siderite and magnetite as the corrosion product. From NIR camera photograph on the scale of both tubes side, it was obtained significant differences in the digital image number. It is expected that after further comprehensive collecting digital image number data on the various corrosion product as well as thickness layer, NIR camera photograph can be used as an alternative method for corrosion product identification.

Dewatering Efficiency Comparison between Vacuum Tube Well and Normal Tube Well in Silty Clay Layer

Vacuum Tube Well Dewatering (VTWD) is one of high efficiency methods to vacuum dewatering in Beijing district in recent years. Water output, surrounding drawdown, and land settlement of vacuum and normal tube well respectively were measured during the process of engineering dewatering at three sites in Beijing subway engineering. The results showed that the water output by VTWD was 1.6 to 2 times than that by Normal Tube Well Dewatering (NTWD) while the land settlement was twice compared to NTWD. It is suggested to consider the carrying capacity of surrounding environment when using VTWD.

Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Angled Spiralling Tape Inserts in a Heat Exchanger Annulus

The purpose of this paper was to determine the single phase heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of an angled spiralling tape inserted into the annulus of a tube-in-tube heat exchanger. Experimental measurements were taken on four setups: a normal tube-in-tube heat exchanger used as a reference and three heat exchangers with different angled spiralling tape inserts. From the results correlations were developed that can be used to predict the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics. It was concluded that the angled spiralling tape inserts resulted in an increase in the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics as can be expected.

Evaluation of Eustachian tube function with ventilation scintigraphy by using 133Xe gas

The aim of this study was to evaluate Eustachian tube function by ventilation scintigraphy. In 13 patients with normal tube function and 16 with one-sided tube dysfunction, 50 MBq 133Xe was applied into the nasopharyngeal space through a tube inserted into the nasal cavity. Immediately after the insufflation, the patients were asked to perform three Valsalva manoeuvres.The visualization of the middle ear was possible in 10 of the 13 patients (77 per cent) with normal tube function. Decreased uptake of the middle-ear region in the side of dysfunction was demonstrated in 11 of the 16 patients (68.7 per cent) with one-sided tube dysfunction. Quantitative evaluation by region of interest technique revealed that by using percentage retention of activity and uptake rates, there were significant differences between the sides of dysfunction and sides of normal tube function (p<0.05) and also between sides of dysfunction and both sides of controls (p<0.05). There was no significant differences between normal sides of patients and both sides of controls (p>0.05).As a conclusion, this method is non-invasive, easy-to perform and has a low radiation burden in the evaluation of Eustachian tube function. Although the number of patients is limited, the test seems to be applicable with a success rate of about 74 per cent.

In vitro germination of black walnut pollen

Black walnut pollen was germinated on liquid and agar-based media containing 20% sucrose, a requirement for germination and normal tube development. Boron (100 ppm boric acid) added to this medium slightly enhanced germination. Germination occurred only in dense (150+ grains/mm2) populations of pollen on the agar medium. This population effect was not overcome by the addition of Ca2+ to the medium, but germination in the sparse areas (< 30 grains/mm2) was occasionally promoted by high boron concentrations (600 ppm boric acid). Wide tree-to-tree variation in percentage of germination was observed.Vacuum-drying periods, ranging from 5 to 30 min, resulted in a gradual reduction of viability. Pollen was stored at −30C and −196C for 3 months without major loss of viability.