scholarly journals Analysis of the inheritance of quantitative traits in the rice hybrid Kuboyar × Gagat

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Pavel Kostylev ◽  
E. Krasnova ◽  
A. Aksenov ◽  
E. Balyukova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Allelic State ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Negative Dominance ◽  
Subsequent Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Rice is one of the main food items in the world. White rice is mainly used, but there are also varieties with red, brown and black pericarp grains. This rice is much healthier. The article is devoted to the creation of new lines of rice with black pericarp. The purpose of the work is to study the inheritance of varying quantitative traits in an interspecific hybrid of rice Kuboyar × Gagat, with subsequent selection of isolated samples. Methods. Hybridization of these varieties was carried out in 2017. Mathematical processing of research data was performed Using the program Statistica 6. For genetic analysis, the program “Polygen A” was used by A. F. Merezhko (2005). The research was conducted in 2018–2019 on the basis of a Separate division “Proletarskoe” of the Rostov region. Scientific novelty. A genetic analysis of varying quantitative traits that affect the grain productivity of rice was performed, and a number of new patterns were established. Results. Inheritance of plant height in F2 hybrids was based on the type of overdomination of large trait values. The parent forms differed in the allelic state of the two pairs of genes. Along the length of the panicle, there was a partial negative dominance and monogenic differences in crossed varieties. According to the number of spikelets on the panicle, overdomination of a larger trait value and the interaction of two pairs of genes were established. By the mass of 1000 grains, partial dominance of large values of the trait and monogenic differences in the initial parent forms were established. There was no dominance in the length of the grain, and the parent forms differed by two pairs of genes. The grain width was dominated by smaller values of the trait, splitting was performed according to the monohybrid scheme. The selection of isolated samples forming a compact erect panicle and grains with a black pericarp was carried out for further selection work.

scholarly journals Comparison of the F2 and F3 traits’ inheritance by the rice hybrid ‘Kontro x Kuboyar’

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
A. V. Aksenov ◽  
Е. V. Krasnova
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Rice Hybrid ◽  
Negative Dominance

Rice is a very moisture-loving crop, therefore it suffers greatly from drought. However, in the world in recent years, there is an increasing shortage of fresh water, which makes the use of upland rice relevant. Therefore, rice varieties with a reduced demand for water supply, developed as a result of breeding work, are more profitable for agricultural producers than agrotechnical or reclamation measures. It is much cheaper to produce such rice with periodic irrigation. The purpose of the current study was to analyze genetically the main quantitative traits of the rice hybrid ‘Kontro x Kuboyar’ with the selection of the best forms for subsequent breeding for drought resistance. The study was carried out in 2019–2020 on the rice plots of the special subdivision ‘Proletarskoye’ belonging to of the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in the Rostov Region. In the course of the study there has been made a genetic analysis of a number of quantitative traits that determine rice productivity. The character of traits’ inheritance in the second and third generations was identical. The inheritance of the trait ‘panicle length’ was characterized by partial negative dominance and monogenic differences in parental varieties. The trait ‘number of spikelets per panicle’ was inherited according to the type of negative dominance of smaller values of the trait and was determined by the interaction of two pairs of genes. The trait ‘1000-kernel weight’ was identified by the partial dominance of large values of the trait and monogenic differences in the parental varieties. The traits ‘kernel length’ and ‘kernel width’ were split according to the monohybrid scheme 1:2:1, and there was no dominance. From the third generation, the best early-maturing forms with optimal values of the traits ‘plant height’, ‘panicle length’, ‘1000-kernel weight’ and ‘the best kernel percentage per panicle’ were selected for the subsequent breeding of drought-resistant rice varieties.

scholarly journals GENETICS OF THE TRAITS IN THE RICE HYBRID ‘SVETLY X MAVR

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
E. V. Krasnova ◽  
A. V. Aksenov ◽  
E. S. Balyukova
Keyword(s):  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigment ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Black Seed ◽  
Allelic State ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Pericarp Color ◽  
Negative Dominance ◽  
Black Color

Rice can form not only white, but also red, brown and black kernels. In black rice pericarp contains anthocyanin pigment, which has antioxidant activity and is beneficial to human health. The article is devoted to the development of new rice lines with black pericarp on the basis of the hybrid ‘Svetly × Mavr’. The purpose of the work is to develop rice new lines with black seed vessel on the genetic background of the variety ‘Svetly’. There has been carried out a genetic analysis of varying quantitative traits that affect rice productivity. Cleavage by pericarp color occurred according to the dihybrid scheme according to the type of recessive epistasis in the ratio 9:3:4. The black color of the pericarp was formed with the presence of two dominant Pb and Pp genes in the genotype, the brown one was determined by the Pb gene, and the white one was determined by the other combinations of genes. Inheritance of plant height occurred according to the overdominance of large values of the trait. Parental forms differed in the allelic state of two pairs of genes. Along the panicle length, there has been determined partial negative dominance and monogenic differences of the hybridized varieties. According to ‘number of spikelets per panicle’, there has been identified an overdominance of a larger value of the trait and the interaction of two pairs of genes. According to ‘1000-kernel weight’, there has been established partial dominance of large values of the trait and monogenic differences of the initial parental forms. There have been selected the best recombinant forms combining a compact erect panicle and grains with a black seed vessel, and there has been developed starting material for practical breeding. The study was carried out on the fields of the Experimental Station “Proletarskaya” of the Rostov Region in 2018.

scholarly journals Bayesian models with dominance effects for genomic evaluation of quantitative traits

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBIN WELLMANN ◽  
JÖRN BENNEWITZ
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Subsequent Selection ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryGenomic selection refers to the use of dense, genome-wide markers for the prediction of breeding values (BV) and subsequent selection of breeding individuals. It has become a standard tool in livestock and plant breeding for accelerating genetic gain. The core of genomic selection is the prediction of a large number of marker effects from a limited number of observations. Various Bayesian methods that successfully cope with this challenge are known. Until now, the main research emphasis has been on additive genetic effects. Dominance coefficients of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), however, can also be large, even if dominance variance and inbreeding depression are relatively small. Considering dominance might contribute to the accuracy of genomic selection and serve as a guide for choosing mating pairs with good combining abilities. A general hierarchical Bayesian model for genomic selection that can realistically account for dominance is introduced. Several submodels are proposed and compared with respect to their ability to predict genomic BV, dominance deviations and genotypic values (GV) by stochastic simulation. These submodels differ in the way the dependency between additive and dominance effects is modelled. Depending on the marker panel, the inclusion of dominance effects increased the accuracy of GV by about 17% and the accuracy of genomic BV by 2% in the offspring. Furthermore, it slowed down the decrease of the accuracies in subsequent generations. It was possible to obtain accurate estimates of GV, which enables mate selection programmes.

scholarly journals Inheritance of quantitative traits of the rice hybrid F2-F3 Svetly × Mavr

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
E. V. Krasnova ◽  
A. V. Aksenov ◽  
E. S. Balyukova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Pericarp Color ◽  
Black Color ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Selection Of

Rice can form not only white, but also red, brown and black kernels. In black rice, pericarp kernels contain anthocyanin, which has an antioxidant effect and is beneficial to human health. The current paper is devoted to the development of new rice lines with black pericarp based on the hybrid Svetly × Mavr. The purpose of the work is to develop new forms of rice with anthocyanin pericarp by a hybridization of varieties with white and black kernels, a genetic analysis of a number of quantitative traits and by a selection of the best variants with compact vertical black-kernel panicles to use them in future breeding work. There has been conducted a genetic analysis of varying quantitative traits affecting the rice productivity. The cleavage by a pericarp color was carried out according to the type of recessive epistasis in a ratio of 9 : 3 : 4. The black color of the pericarp was formed in the presence of two dominant genes Pb and Pp in the genotype, the brown color was due to the Pb gene, the white color was due to the rest combinations of genes. The traits “plant height” and “number of spikelets per panicle” of the hybrids F2 and F3 were inherited by the type of superdomination of large values of the trait controlled by two loci, the interaction of which resulted in transgressive forms. According to the traits “panicle length” and “1000 kernel weight”, there has been identified intermediate monogenic inheritance and two-peaked characteristic frequency distribution curves. There have been identified rice forms with black pericarp color, combining the optimal values of the traits “plant height”, increased “panicle length”, “number of spikelets per panicle” and “1000 kernel weight”. On its basis there has been also developed an initial material for practical breeding. The study was carried out in 2018–2020 on the fields of the EP “Proletarskoye” of the Rostov region.

Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Walsh ◽  
Michael Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Holistic Treatment ◽  
Genetics And Genomics ◽  
Selection Of

Quantitative traits—be they morphological or physiological characters, aspects of behavior, or genome-level features such as the amount of RNA or protein expression for a specific gene—usually show considerable variation within and among populations. Quantitative genetics, also referred to as the genetics of complex traits, is the study of such characters and is based on mathematical models of evolution in which many genes influence the trait and in which non-genetic factors may also be important. Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits presents a holistic treatment of the subject, showing the interplay between theory and data with extensive discussions on statistical issues relating to the estimation of the biologically relevant parameters for these models. Quantitative genetics is viewed as the bridge between complex mathematical models of trait evolution and real-world data, and the authors have clearly framed their treatment as such. This is the second volume in a planned trilogy that summarizes the modern field of quantitative genetics, informed by empirical observations from wide-ranging fields (agriculture, evolution, ecology, and human biology) as well as population genetics, statistical theory, mathematical modeling, genetics, and genomics. Whilst volume 1 (1998) dealt with the genetics of such traits, the main focus of volume 2 is on their evolution, with a special emphasis on detecting selection (ranging from the use of genomic and historical data through to ecological field data) and examining its consequences. This extensive work of reference is suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers (both empiricists and theoreticians) in the fields of evolutionary biology, genetics, and genomics. It will also be of particular relevance and use to plant and animal breeders, human geneticists, and statisticians.

Genetic markers and the selection of quantitative traits in forage grasses

Euphytica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Hayward ◽  
N. J. Mcadam ◽  
J. G. Jones ◽  
C. Evans ◽  
G. M. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals THE SELECTION OF S. CEREVISIAE MUTANTS DEFECTIVE IN THE START EVENT OF CELL DIVISION

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven I Reed
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Restrictive Temperature ◽  
Mating Pheromone ◽  
Preliminary Characterization ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Thirty-three temperature-sensitive mutations defective in the start event of the cell division cycle of Saccharomyces cereuisiae were isolated and subjected to preliminary characterization. Complementation studies assigned these mutations to four complementation groups, one of which, cdc28, has been described previously. Genetic analysis revealed that these complementation groups define single nuclear genes, unlinked to one another. One of the three newly identified genes, cdc37, has been located in the yeast linkage map on chromosome IV, two meiotic map units distal to hom2.—Each mutation produces stage-specific arrest of cell division at start, the same point where mating pheromone interrupts division. After synchronization at start by incubation at the restrictive temperature, the mutants retain the capacity to enlarge and to conjugate.

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Synthetic Population 316P02 of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Nenad Vasić ◽  
Djordje Jocković ◽  
Mile Ivanović ◽  
Luiz Peternelli ◽  
Milisav Stojaković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Synthetic Population

scholarly journals Autophagy as a mechanism for adaptive prediction-mediated emergence of drug resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivedita Nivedita ◽  
John D. Aitchison ◽  
Nitin S. Baliga
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Adaptive Prediction ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Subsequent Selection ◽  
Tolerant State ◽  
Core Genes ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTDrug resistance is a major problem in treatment of microbial infections and cancers. There is growing evidence that a transient drug tolerant state may precede and potentiate the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms leading to tolerance is critical for combating drug resistance and for the development of effective therapeutic strategy. Through laboratory evolution of yeast, we recently demonstrated that adaptive prediction (AP), a strategy employed by organisms to anticipate and prepare for a future stressful environment, can emerge within 100 generations by linking the response triggered by a neutral cue (caffeine) to a mechanism of protection against a lethal agent (5-FOA). Here, we demonstrate that mutations selected across multiple laboratory evolved lines had linked the neutral cue response to core genes of autophagy. Across these evolved lines, conditional activation of autophagy through AP conferred tolerance, and potentiated subsequent selection of mutations in genes specific to overcoming the toxicity of 5-FOA. We propose a model to explain how extensive genome-wide genetic interactions of autophagy facilitates emergence of AP over short evolutionary timescales to potentiate selection of resistance-conferring mutations.

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