Non-linear MHD modelling of Edge Localized Modes suppression by Resonant Magnetic Perturbations in ITER

Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) suppression by Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) was studied with the non-linear MHD code JOREK for the ITER H-mode scenarios at 15MA,12.5MA,10MA/5.3T. The main aim of this work was to demonstrate that ELMs can be suppressed by RMPs while the divertor 3D footprints of heat and particle fluxes remain within divertor material limits. The unstable peeling-ballooning modes responsible for ELMs without RMPs were modelled first for each scenario using numerically accessible parameters for ITER. Then the stabilization of ELMs by RMPs was modelled with the same parameters. RMP spectra, optimized by the linear MHD MARS-F code, with main toroidal harmonics N=2, N=3, N=4 have been used as boundary conditions of the computational domain of JOREK, including realistic RMP coils, main plasma, Scrape Off Layer (SOL) divertor and realistic first wall. The model includes all relevant plasma flows: toroidal rotation, two fluid diamagnetic effects and neoclassical poloidal friction. With RMPs, the main toroidal harmonic and the non-linearly coupled harmonics remain dominant at the plasma edge, producing saturated modes and a continuous MHD turbulent transport thereby avoiding ELM crashes in all scenarios considered here. The threshold for ELM suppression was found at a maximum RMP coils current of 45kAt-60kAt compared to the coils maximum capability of 90kAt. In the high beta poloidal steady-state 10MA/5.3T scenario, a rotating QH-mode without ELMs was observed even without RMPs. In this scenario with RMPs N=3, N=4 at 20kAt maximum current in RMP coils, similar QH-mode behavior was observed however with dominant edge harmonic corresponding to the main toroidal number of RMPs. The 3D footprints with RMPs show the characteristic splitting with the main RMP toroidal symmetry. The maximum radial extension of the footprints typically was ~20 cm in inner divertor and ~40 cm in outer divertor with stationary heat fluxes decreasing further out from the initial strike point from ~5MW/m2 to ~1MW/m2 assuming a total power in the divertor and walls is 50MW.

Semi-Experimental Determination of the Linear Clamped Electro-Optical Coefficients of Polar Crystals from Vibrational Spectroscopic Data

The present work highlights a new general method devoted to computations of the clamped linear electro-optical coefficients from the measured fundamental vibrational frequencies and the nonlinear dielectric susceptibility constants. The calculations are based on the formula analog to that of the Lyddane–Sachs–Teller relation, which is systematically used for the calculations of the clamped linear electro-optical coefficient of oxide ferroelectric crystals such as LiNbO3, LiTaO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and KNbO3. The computed electro-optical coefficients are in good agreement with those obtained from direct measurements and the first-principles calculations or other semi-empirical models. In addition, the famous r51 or r42 coefficients of the tetragonal BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and KNbO3 crystals are finally calculated with high accuracy and discussed in connection with the soft mode behavior.

Coseismic Stability Assessment of a Damaged Underground Ammunition Storage Chamber Through Ambient Vibration Recordings and Numerical Modelling

In the past decade, ambient vibration measurements found numerous applications on unstable rock slopes and developed into a powerful tool for site characterization of slope instabilities. In this study, for the first time ambient vibration measurements were applied to a rock mass strongly disturbed and damaged by subsurface explosions. The site above the ammunition storage chamber at Mitholz (Switzerland) is especially interesting because the subsurface geology below the seismic array is well known, including the location of the caverns, and the degree of degradation caused by the subsurface explosions in 1947 of around 40 t TNT of ammunition. Measurement data were analyzed using current state-of-the-art seismic single-station and array methods, focusing on surface-wave dispersion analysis, wave field polarization, wave amplification using site-to-reference spectral ratios and analysis of normal mode behavior. The results allow for calibrating the elastic properties of a 2D numerical rock mechanical model which was used to simulate the stability of the disturbed rock mass during seismic loading. Therefore, ambient vibration measurements can contribute not only to a better understanding of the subsurface, but also for the assessment of earthquake risk.

Adults' Addictive Behavior Can be Prevented if Parents are Aware.

Addiction is characterized as the inability to avoid using a physical drug or engaging in virtual mode behavior. Due to the influence of the situation and surrounding factors, every person performs or engages in some action. This type of behaviour could become addictive if it becomes habit forming. If an action is carried out by unconscious actions, it has the potential to become addictive. A method of calculating operation in relation to an object. If an action is carried out by unconscious actions, it has the potential to become addictive. A method of evaluating behaviour related to an addictive concern that can help determine the presence of addiction. Since the decision to confess to the addiction is unclear. In this regard, tobacco use analysis is an important part of preventing addiction and raising awareness. Tobacco consumption assessment studies in India are urgently needed, and parental care, especially in adults, must be improved to protect them from tobacco and other drug inducing substances. The motivating factor for first-time tobacco use, as well as the effects of smoking, were discovered in this research. The first tobacco, whether smoking or smokeless tobacco, is stimulated by smoking motive influences both directly and indirectly (orally consume).

Research on the application strategy of new media technology in Modern University Law Teaching

The arrival of the new media era has a certain impact on the teaching environment of universities in China. The rapid development of new media has also profoundly affected the thinking mode, behavior style and psychological consciousness of college students. This paper puts forward some innovative teaching modes under the background of new media information technology, including the online simulation court, the construction of interactive dynamic teaching website and so on. It realizes the deep integration between law teaching and modern new media technology, and gradually forms an open and diversified teaching mode. The research content of this paper has far-reaching significance for promoting the teaching of new media technology and enhancing the pertinence and effectiveness of College Students’ legal education.

FSS-based triplate antenna design concept for wireless devices

Conventional multiband antennas suffer from strong interactions among different operating frequencies, complex configurations, low bandwidth, and reduced efficiencies. A design concept for a multibeam multiband antenna in wireless devices is proposed in this paper. The design concept provides a promising approach to augment transmission and reception. The principle of design involves a primary radiating element embedded in a triplate conformation which excites a passive array of multiple frequency secondary radiators, forming a frequency selective structure in triplate (FSST). The higher order mode behavior of the parent antenna characterizes the design of FSST placed in its nearfield. The mathematical modeling and analysis of the design methodology is also presented. As proof of concept, the proposed design methodology is validated with simulations and experiments at four unlicensed communication bands and the results are compared.