Development of optimized formulation of liposome using 3-factor Box-Behnken Design

The objective of our present study is to optimize Chitosan coated liposomes formulation by Response surface methodology using 3-factor Box-Behnken Design. Different polymers based liposomes used for delivery of stable pH dependent formulation. Chitosan has been used as a pH sensitive polymer coating to target nanoparticles specifically to tumors which have a slightly acidic pH. Closed membrane system can accommodate amphiphilic or lipophilic drugs in vesicles. The optimized batch was formulated as a liposome delivery system and evaluation was done. To evaluate the unentrapped drug Shimadzu UV-Spectrometry at 228 nm was used and absorbance was noted. Response surface graph was prepared to predict value and the optimized formulation (Chitosan coated liposomes) can be used for loading of bio-active.The values of percent drug entrapment and average vesicle size were presented and found formulation F3&F5 were optimized for further evaluating on basis of particle size and drug loading.

About Structure of Graph Obstructions for Klein Surface with 9 Vertices

The structure of the 9 vertex obstructive graphs for the nonorientable surface of the genus 2 is established by the method of j-transformations of the graphs. The problem of establishing the structural properties of 9 vertex obstruction graphs for the surface of the undirected genus 2 by the method of j-transformation of graphs is considered. The article has an introduction and 5 sections. The introduction contains the main definitions, which are illustrated, to some extent, in Section 1, which provides several statements about their properties. Sections 2 – 4 investigate the structural properties of 9 vertex obstruction graphs for an undirected surface by presenting as a j-image of several graphs homeomorphic to one of the Kuratovsky graphs and at least one planar or projective-planar graph. Section 5 contains a new version of the proof of the statement about the peculiarities of the minimal embeddings of finite graphs in nonorientable surfaces, namely, that, in contrast to oriented surfaces, cell boundaries do not contain repeated edges. Also in section 5 the other properties peculiar to embeddings of graphs to non-oriented surfaces and the main result are given. The main result is Theorem 1. Each obstruction graph H for a non-oriented surface N2 of genus 2 satisfies the following. 1. An arbitrary edge u,u = (a,b) is placed on the Mebius strip by some minimal embedding of the graph H in N3 and there exists a locally projective-planar subgraph K of the graph H \ u which satisfies the condition: (tK({a,b},N3)=1)˄(tK\u({a,b},N2)=2), where tK({a,b},N) is the number of reachability of the set {a,b} on the nonorientable surface N; 2. There exists the smallest inclusion of many different subgraphs Ki of a 2-connected graph H homeomorphic to the graph K+e, where K is a locally planar subgraph of the graph H (at least K+e is homemorphic to K5 or K3,3), which covers the set of edges of the graph H. Keywords: graph, Klein surface, graph structure, graph obstruction, non-oriented surface, Möbius strip.

Evaluation of the Effect of Environmental Parameters on the Spread of COVID-19: A Fuzzy Logic Approach

In recent months, the world has experienced the outbreak and spread of a new infectious disease, COVID-19. The spread of this disease has been so severe, and even many developed countries have struggled to manage this situation. However, some countries, such as China and Australia, have shown success in taking effective steps towards tackling the crisis. So far, some preventive measures to contain the spread of infection have emerged. Numerous studies have been undertaken worldwide in parallel in order to develop strategies to contain the virus, as well as to determine climatic or atmospheric conditions favoring COVID-19 spread. In this research, an artificial intelligence (AI) system has been adopted to assess the effective role of various environmental conditions in the spread of COVID-19. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), and UV index (UVI) of some affected countries were considered as input parameters while the total number of infected people is taken as the output variable. After plotting all available data as linguistic variables, a relationship is established between temperature, RH, UVI, and the number of infected people. From the surface graph, it can be stated that in addition to UVI, temperature and RH have a significant impact on the number of affected people. The maximum and minimum temperatures as well as other parameters are considered on the basis of mean values.

A Fuzzy Logic Based Personalized Result Analysis Support for Student Performance Up-Gradation

Education system conducts various competitive exam and analyze the result but there is no any provision for improvement of result analysis. The proposed research method uses a fuzzy logic based result analysis system which suggest the improvement is possible in performance of result. This method uses Mamdani Fuzzy inference system and Triangular and Trapezoidal membership functions for removing uncertainty and prediction of better results. When marks are analyzed through a classical method it represents two dimensional graphs only. Using this two dimensional graph it is quite difficult to predict range of result. In the proposed method using 36 Fuzzy rules output is categorized in 6 grades namely O, A+, A, B, C, D. and it is represented in 3D surface graph. This graph helps to increase the grade level of number of student by upgrading phase.

Optimization of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from pig slaughterhouse and packing plant wastewater through electrocoagulation in a batch reactor

This work evaluated the removal of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (P) through electrocoagulation and used aluminum electrodes to optimize the potential differential (pd) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) variables in a batch reactor. The experimental design used was Rotatable Central Composite Design (RCCD). The application of the electrocoagulation in the treatment of effluents from pig slaughterhouses and packing plants proved to be efficient in relation to the removal of TKN and total phosphorus, obtaining maximum efficiency equal to 67.15% and 99%, respectively. The maximum TKN removal value was found in Test 12, where treatment conditions were 30 minutes for HRT and 20 volts for pd, which corresponds to 0.86 A of electric current and a current density of 17.2 mA cm-2. For P, the only test that removed below 99% was the first. Through statistical analyses, it was only possible to obtain a mathematical model for TKN removal. While the response surface graph did not present a defined range of the best conditions for the independent variables, it was possible to observe the tendency for better removal, a wide range of pd and values over 30 minutes for retention time.