Study of Yeast Production of Pectinase Enzyme and the Effect of Different Physiological Conditions on Its Production

Pectinase enzymes are considered industrially important enzymes, and their importance is due to their use in many industries, such as extracting and liquefying fruit and vegetable juices, paper and textile industry, tea and coffee brewing, extracting oils with removing gum from plant fibers and treating factory wastes containing pectic substances. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, including yeasts, produce pectinase enzymes on a commercial scale. Recently, it has been noticed that there has an increase in interest in its production of yeasts due to its characteristics, ease of development, and short time required for incubation.

REVIEWING ISOLATION AND PRODUCTION OF PROBIOTICS

This article is an examination of the isolation of probiotics The scientific development and subsequent “production of probiotics'' continues to influence the researchers all over the globe today. This article examines the research done and published by researchers and scientists. Consideration of current trends and data in scientific queries and demonstrates further aspects of isolation of microbes and probiotics. Additionally, this article explores options for microencapsulation, Bacteriocin production, Aquaculture Probiotics, Yeast production, Antioxidant Probiotic from squid production. Keywords: Microencapsulation, Probiotics, Aquaculture Probiotics, Yeast Production, Isolation Probiotic

Optimization of the process of electrochemical wastewater treatment of yeast production

The process of purification and disinfection of yeast production sewage under the action of electrodialysis has been studied. As a result of research to determine the physicochemical and microbiological sewage composition, it was found that in sewage of the 1st degree of yeast separation has the highest excess content of organic and mineral substances in terms of: Chemical oxygen consumption (COC) - 31096/500 mg О2 / dm3, suspended solids - 6800 / 300 mg / dm3, chlorides - 2147/350 mg / dm3and sulfates - 6089/400 mg / dm3. The content of organic substances, which is characterized by the Chemical oxygen consumption (COC) indicator, in sewage of general discharge, 2nd and 3rd degree of yeast separation is 41%, 50% and 74% and that is lower than in sewage of the 1st degree of yeast separation. The number of microorganisms in terms of Total microbial count (TMC) in sewage of the 1st stage of yeast separation is the largest and is 12·107 colony-forming units CFU / cm3. It is determined that the process of sewage treatment and disinfection from minerals occurs more efficiently in the cathode zone, and from organic substances and microorganisms - in the anode zone of the electrodializer at a water temperature of 293 K, current of 0.1 A and duration of exposure 20 min.

Predicting By-Product Gradients of Baker’s Yeast Production at Industrial Scale: A Practical Simulation Approach

Scaling up bioprocesses is one of the most crucial steps in the commercialization of bioproducts. While it is known that concentration and shear rate gradients occur at larger scales, it is often too risky, if feasible at all, to conduct validation experiments at such scales. Using computational fluid dynamics equipped with mechanistic biochemical engineering knowledge of the process, it is possible to simulate such gradients. In this work, concentration profiles for the by-products of baker’s yeast production are investigated. By applying a mechanistic black-box model, concentration heterogeneities for oxygen, glucose, ethanol, and carbon dioxide are evaluated. The results suggest that, although at low concentrations, ethanol is consumed in more than 90% of the tank volume, which prevents cell starvation, even when glucose is virtually depleted. Moreover, long exposure to high dissolved carbon dioxide levels is predicted. Two biomass concentrations, i.e., 10 and 25 g/L, are considered where, in the former, ethanol production is solely because of overflow metabolism while, in the latter, 10% of the ethanol formation is due to dissolved oxygen limitation. This method facilitates the prediction of the living conditions of the microorganism and its utilization to address the limitations via change of strain or bioreactor design or operation conditions. The outcome can also be of value to design a representative scale-down reactor to facilitate strain studies.

The Membrane-Less Microbial Fuel Cell (ML-MFC) with Ni-Co and Cu-B Cathode Powered by the Process Wastewater from Yeast Production

Research related to measurements of electricity production was combined with parallel wastewater parameter reduction in a membrane-less microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC) fed with industry process wastewater (from a yeast factory). Electrodes with Ni–Co and Cu–B catalysts were used as cathodes. A carbon electrode (carbon cloth) was used as a reference due to its widespread use. It was demonstrated that all analyzed electrodes could be employed as cathodes in ML-MFC fed with process wastewater from yeast production. Electricity measurements during ML-MFC operations indicated that power (6.19 mW) and current density (0.38 mA·cm−2) were the highest for Ni–Co electrodes. In addition, during the exploitation of ML-MFC, it was recorded that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal per time for all types of electrodes was similar to the duration of COD decrease in the conditions for wastewater aeration. However, the COD reduction curve for aeration took the most favorable course. The concentration of NH4+ in ML-MFC remained virtually constant throughout the measurement period, whereas NO3− levels indicated almost complete removal (with a minimum increase in the last days of cell exploitation).