scholarly journals Study of Yeast Production of Pectinase Enzyme and the Effect of Different Physiological Conditions on Its Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Badia Abdul Razzaq Malla Obaida
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Yeast Production ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Juices ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Coffee Brewing

Pectinase enzymes are considered industrially important enzymes, and their importance is due to their use in many industries, such as extracting and liquefying fruit and vegetable juices, paper and textile industry, tea and coffee brewing, extracting oils with removing gum from plant fibers and treating factory wastes containing pectic substances. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, including yeasts, produce pectinase enzymes on a commercial scale. Recently, it has been noticed that there has an increase in interest in its production of yeasts due to its characteristics, ease of development, and short time required for incubation.

Effect of Vial shaking on Loading Time of Epirubicin into Drug-Eluting Bead

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Ikeda ◽  
Yusuke Kawamura ◽  
Masahiro Kobayashi ◽  
Taito Fukushima ◽  
Yushi Sorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Vortex Mixer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Group A ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Group B ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Short Time

Background: Although DC Bead has been useful in treatment of multiple and large hepatocellular carcinoma, loading time of doxorubicin into the DC Bead takes a long time of 30-120 minutes. Epirubicin is also used as an antitumor agent together with DC Bead, but its loading efficiency was not sufficiently elucidated. Methods: To shorten loading time of epirubicin into DC Bead (100-300µm, 300-500µm, 500-700µm), we examined the following three methods after mixing the drug: (a) let stand in room temperature, (b) agitated for 30 seconds with Vortex mixer, and (c) sonicated for 30 seconds with ultrasonic cleaner. After loading of epirubicin by each method, supernatant concentration for epirubicin was assayed at 5, 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Results: Epirubicin loading rates for small bead (100-300µm) at 5 minutes were 82.9 % in group a, 93.8% in group b, and 79.9 % in group c. Similarly, medium bead (300-500µm), 40.1% in group a, 65.7% in group b and 45.5% in group c, respectively. In large-sized bead (500-700µm), loaded rates of epirubicin were 38.8% in group a, 59.0% in group b and 48.0% in group c. Agitation of mixture of epirubicin and DC Bead with Vortex mixer significantly shortened the loading time, but sonication did not affect the time required. Microscopic examination did not lead to any morphological change of microspheres in all the methods. Conclusions: Short time of agitation with Vortex mixer reduced the necessary time for loading of epirubicin in every standard of DC Bead.

scholarly journals The European TeleCheck-AF project on remote app-based management of atrial fibrillation during the COVID-19 pandemic: centre and patient experiences

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gawałko ◽  
David Duncker ◽  
Martin Manninger ◽  
Rachel M J van der Velden ◽  
Astrid N L Hermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Af Ablation ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Aims TeleCheck-AF is a multicentre international project initiated to maintain care delivery for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) during COVID-19 through teleconsultations supported by an on-demand photoplethysmography-based heart rate and rhythm monitoring app (FibriCheck®). We describe the characteristics, inclusion rates, and experiences from participating centres according the TeleCheck-AF infrastructure as well as characteristics and experiences from recruited patients. Methods and results Three surveys exploring centre characteristics (n = 25), centre experiences (n = 23), and patient experiences (n = 826) were completed. Self-reported patient characteristics were obtained from the app. Most centres were academic (64%) and specialized public cardiology/district hospitals (36%). Majority of the centres had AF outpatient clinics (64%) and only 36% had AF ablation clinics. The time required to start patient inclusion and total number of included patients in the project was comparable for centres experienced (56%) or inexperienced in mHealth use. Within 28 weeks, 1930 AF patients were recruited, mainly for remote AF control (31% of patients) and AF ablation follow-up (42%). Average inclusion rate was highest during the lockdown restrictions and reached a steady state at a lower level after easing the restrictions (188 vs. 52 weekly recruited patients). Majority (>80%) of the centres reported no problems during the implementation of the TeleCheck-AF approach. Recruited patients [median age 64 (55–71), 62% male] agreed that the FibriCheck® app was easy to use (94%). Conclusion Despite different health care settings and mobile health experiences, the TeleCheck-AF approach could be set up within an extremely short time and easily used in different European centres during COVID-19.

scholarly journals Peripheral Administration of RF9 Does Not Affect Hypothalamic-PituitaryGonadal Axis in Normal Fed Adult Male Macaque

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Aalia Batool ◽  
Madiha Wazir ◽  
Rahim Ullah ◽  
Aalia Batool ◽  
Rabia Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hpg Axis ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Short Time

Stress represses hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG-axis) but RF9, a synthetic peptide, rescues such repression. To assess the role of RF9 in regulating HPG-axis under normal physiological conditions in higher primates, RF9 was administered to intact adult male rhesus monkeys and response of the HPG-axis was examined by measuring plasma testosterone as an end parameter of the axis. Control group (n=4) received normal saline whereas the treated group (n=4) received RF9. On the first day of experiment, four bolus injections of normal saline (1ml/animal) were administered intravenously at 2-hr interval to the control monkeys. Similarly, on the second day of experiment, treated group received four iv bolus injections of RF9 (0.1mg/kg BW) at 2-hr interval. Serial blood samples were collected at 20 min interval during a 6-hr period which started just after first saline/RF9 injection. Plasma testosterone levels were measured by using a specific EIA. Overall means of plasma testosterone levels and plasma testosterone area under curve (AUC) and overall mean testosterone and mean testosterone AUC in short time windows following each injection of RF9 and saline were comparable between the groups. Our results demonstrate that RF9 has no role in regulating HPG-axis under normal physiological conditions in adult male monkeys.

The Effect of Problem Complexity, Computer Power, and Feedback Aids on the Accuracy and Completness of Computer Programs

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 989-993
Author(s):  
Edward M. Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Problem Complexity ◽  
User Input ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Force Problem ◽  
Solution Specification

An essential step in the development of a computer program is the specification of the solution logic to be implemented by the program. The importance of accurate problem solution specification is further stressed by researchers in programming language and artificial intelligence who suggest that in a relatively short time computer programs will be synthesized automatically and that the job of the user will be only to specify the problem solution. The research reported in this paper involved an investigation of the ability of computer users to specify problem solutions in the form of example solutions. This ability was evaluated as a function of the user's background and experience, the complexity of the available processor (i.e., degree of generalization of the inputs), and the available feedback aids. Further, the ability of experienced programmers to implement the problem solution in FORTRAN IV logic code was investigated. The research reported here is part of study in multi-level communications, both abstract and concrete (i.e., general statements and examples), that may provide a method for effective two-way communication between users and computers. Two participant groups (programmers and bookkeepers/accountants) working with three levels of problem complexity and three levels of processor complexity were used. The experimental task employed in this study required specification of a logic for solution of a Navy task force problem. This task involved choosing ships from a ship list which identified the ship type, the transiting time (the time required for the ship to get from its present position to the desired site), and stationing time (the number of days the ship can remain on station with available provisions). In addition to this specification of ship combinations, the participants had to specify by the example solution the range of transiting and stationing times required. It was found that both programmers' and bookkeepers/accountants' scores decreased with increasing levels of problem and processor complexity, but the scores for the bookkeepers/accountants were significantly less than those of the programmers. In a regression analysis it was found that the degree of computer generalization of the user input (processor complexity) explained more variance than did problem complexity. Further for those experiment conditions where little computer generalization of user input was provided, performance was significantly lower than for other experiment conditions. This result suggests that computer generalization of user inputs is an important factor to accurate specification of problem solutions. Finally, the results show that participant strategy in generating solutions was the most significant factor affecting performance. The strategy measures, which indicated the degree of systematization of the participants, explained 58 percent of the score variance.

Polyacrylamide-Gel Block-Electrophoresis of Plasma Lipoproteins

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Wada ◽  
Herbert K Naito ◽  
L A Ehrhart ◽  
Lena A Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Preparative Scale ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Principal Advantage

Abstract We separated lipoprotein fractions on a preparative scale by two techniques of polyacrylamide-gel block electrophoresis. Completeness of separation of the various lipoproteins, which were subsequently extracted from the gels, was verified by re-electrophoresis and by immunologic techniques. A principal advantage of this method over ultracentrifugal isolation is the relatively short time required for the separation.

Dynamic Behavior and Design of Offshore Caissons

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
S.T. Hong ◽  
J.C. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Free-standing caissons are used for supporting flare pipes and single-well production platforms. However, caissons tend to be flexible and dynamically sensitive, and the static design practice may not be adequate for this type of practice may not be adequate for this type of structure. To assess motion effect on the integrity of the structural system and to quantify the allowable motion for safe operation on board a caisson platform, analytical and experimental studies of platform, analytical and experimental studies of the dynamic behavior of a caisson structure were conducted and are described here. The analytical simulations agree well statistically with The motion measurements. A caisson design procedure considering dynamic effects was developed Design considerations include ultimate strength failure, fatigue failure, excessive motion, and possible damage during installation. A key feature in an effective caisson design is that the upper part of the caisson should be made as small as possible so that wave loading and the caisson period can be minimized The fatigue design procedure was verified with past caisson operational experience. To illustrate past caisson operational experience. To illustrate the procedure, a flare-pipe support caisson in 185 ft of water was designed and analyzed. Introduction Free-standing caissons are used for supporting flare pipes or single-well production platforms. The attractiveness of a caisson structure lies in the potential economy and the short time required for potential economy and the short time required for fabrication and installation. However, a caisson tends to be flexible, and dynamic effects may increase the design requirements from both strength and functional standpoints. To assess the motion effect on the integrity of the structural system and to quantify the allowable motion level for effective operation on board a caisson platform, analytical and experimental studies of the dynamic behavior of a caisson structure were conducted, and a procedure was formulated for designing a caisson considering dynamic effects. Observations from the experimental data and computer simulations of the caisson behavior are described. Verification of the computer simulation and some useful information for developing and using such simulations as well as practical interpretation of the analytical results practical interpretation of the analytical results also are given. Differences between a static design and a dynamic design are illustrated in an example design of a flare-support caisson in 185 ft water. MOTION MEASUREMENT Motion data were taken from a caisson platform offshore Louisiana. General dimensions of the caisson are shown in Fig. 1. SPEJ P. 291

SAMPLING METHODS FOR ARTHROPOD COLONIZATION STUDIES IN SOYBEAN

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Mayse ◽  
Peter W. Price ◽  
Marcos Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
East Central ◽  
Absolute Method ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Central Illinois ◽  
A Site ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractDirect observation (DO) of arthropods on soybean plants was compared with another absolute method, clam trap (CT), and with sweepnet (SW) sampling during a season-long investigation of the colonization by arthropods of two east central Illinois soybean fields. In terms of number of species detected, DO vs. CT showed good agreement between the two fields, while DO vs. SW showed poor between-field agreement. Proportion of similarity (PS) and quotient of similarity (QS) values were higher in a DO-CT comparison than in a DO-SW comparison. Performance similar to that of the other absolute method, consistency of results, ability to use the method throughout the entire season, relatively high numbers of species and individuals detected per unit area sampled, relatively short time required to sample a site, and the capability of yielding a precise record of important interactions among soybean arthropods indicate that direct observation is an effective method for sampling the arthropod community on a row crop such as soybean.

scholarly journals Effect of Commercial-Scale High-Temperature, Short-Time Pasteurization on the Viability of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Naturally Infected Cows' Milk

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene R. Grant ◽  
Edward I. Hitchings ◽  
Alan McCartney ◽  
Fiona Ferguson ◽  
Michael T. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Short Time

ABSTRACT Raw cows' milk naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was pasteurized with an APV HXP commercial-scale pasteurizer (capacity 2,000 liters/h) on 12 separate occasions. On each processing occasion, milk was subjected to four different pasteurization treatments, viz., 73�C for 15 s or 25 s with and without prior homogenization (2,500 lb/in2 in two stages), in an APV Manton Gaulin KF6 homogenizer. Raw and pasteurized milk samples were tested for M. paratuberculosis by immunomagnetic separation (IMS)-PCR (to detect the presence of bacteria) and culture after decontamination with 0.75% (wt/vol) cetylpyridinium chloride for 5 h (to confirm bacterial viability). On 10 of the 12 processing occasions, M. paratuberculosis was detectable by IMS-PCR, culture, or both in either raw or pasteurized milk. Overall, viable M. paratuberculosis was cultured from 4 (6.7%) of 60 raw and 10 (6.9%) of 144 pasteurized milk samples. On one processing day, in particular, M. paratuberculosis appeared to have been present in greater abundance in the source raw milk (evidenced by more culture positives and stronger PCR signals), and on this occasion, surviving M. paratuberculosis bacteria were isolated from milk processed by all four heat treatments, i.e., 73�C for 15 and 25 s with and without prior homogenization. On one other occasion, surviving M. paratuberculosis bacteria were isolated from an unhomogenized milk sample that had been heat treated at 73�C for 25 s. Results suggested that homogenization increases the lethality of subsequent heat treatment to some extent with respect to M. paratuberculosis, but the extended 25-s holding time at 73�C was found to be no more effective at killing M. paratuberculosis than the standard 15-s holding time. This study provides clear evidence that M. paratuberculosis bacteria in naturally infected milk are capable of surviving commercial high-temperature, short-time pasteurization if they are present in raw milk in sufficient numbers.

A simple rapid method for the detection of rat urinary proteins by agarose electrophoresis and nigrosine staining

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Allchin ◽  
G. O. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Rat Urine ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Agarose Electrophoresis ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Short Time

The method described is sufficiently sensitive to detect major changes in the protein excretion patterns of rat urine, and the short time required for technical procedures makes the method suitable for screening large numbers of rat urine samples. The patterns observed for normal adult male rats are similar to previously published data, and the method may also be used to identify pseudoproteinuria.

scholarly journals Penerapan Algoritma Genetika Untuk Optimasi Penjadwalan pada MTS Negeri 1 Pangkalpinang

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
Delpiah Wahyuningsih ◽  
Ellya Helmud
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Short Time

Scheduling is a very important thing to do at school. The schedule, which is still being carried out manually at MTS Negeri 1 Pangkalpinang, requires time to manage teacher slots, classes, subjects, and times where in MTS teacher hours have been determined by the department of religion so that it takes quite a long time to process the formation of the schedule. This study aims to utilize genetic algorithms in optimizing scheduling in a short time. The genetic algorithm is an algorithm that is effective in dealing with scheduling. The results of data testing were carried out with 15, 20, 25 and 30 subjects. Testing with 15 subjects took 19.56 seconds to form a schedule and there were no conflicting schedules, while with 20 data subjects the time to process the schedule formation took 42.15 seconds, 25 data with 94.07 seconds and 30 data with time 471.60. The average time required to process the data is 156.845 seconds.

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