scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIATION AMONG PISTACIA ATLANTICA DESF. REGARDING SEXUAL GENOTYPES (MALE, FEMALE AND HERMAPHRODITIC) USING ISSRS. MARKERS

AGROFOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najwa M. ALHAJJAR ◽  
Bayan M. MUZHER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sexual Structure ◽  
Female Genotype ◽  
Pistacia Species ◽  
Sexual Inheritance ◽  
Male Genotype ◽  
Female Flowers

All Pistacia species are dioecious, male and female flowers are born on separated trees. Our recent studies identified new hermaphroditic genotypes of P. atlantica with different structure of racemes and flowers at the south of Syria. Therefore, the current research aimed to assess genetic variation among 11 genotypes (3 female, 5 hermaphroditic, 3 male) across fifteen ISSRs primers in Sweida Research Center (2018-2019). All of the primers were able to detect the polymorphism, which revealed 214 bands, 205 of them were polymorphic (95.79%). The number of bands for each primer ranged from 6 to 33, with an average 14.27 bands for each Primer. Genetic similarity among all studied genotypes ranged from (0.27) between hermaphroditic genotype (PA52) with female genotype (FA3) as well as between MA3 male genotype and FA2 female genotype, while the highest genetic similarity was 0.77 between two hermaphroditic genotypes (PA37and PA52). Cluster analysis grouped all studied genotypes into three main clusters according to their sexual structure; the first cluster contained all of the hermaphroditic genotypes and the second cluster comprised of all male genotypes, while the third cluster included all female genotypes. The results demonstrated the importance and the efficiency of ISSR technique by revealing the genetic variation among P. atlantica genotypes and separating all of them into detached clusters according to their sexual structure. Farther more, some primers were able to detect common bands in each sexual structure which might help to understand the mechanism of sexual inheritance within the studied species.

scholarly journals Spatial expression dynamics of Men-9 delineate the third floral whorl in male and female flowers of dioecious Silene latifolia

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shona E. Robertson ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Charles P. Scutt ◽  
Malcolm E. Willis ◽  
Philip M. Gilmartin
Keyword(s):  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
The Third ◽  
Floral Whorl ◽  
Female Flowers

Genetic variation between several species of sections Extranervosae, Caulorrhizae, Heteranthae, and Triseminatae (genus Arachis) estimated by DNA polymorphism

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Galgaro ◽  
Catalina Romero Lopes ◽  
Marcos Gimenes ◽  
José FM Valls ◽  
Gary Kochert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rflp Rapd ◽  
High Degree ◽  
A New Species

Genetic variation within and among accessions of the genusArachis representing sections Extranervosae, Caulorrhizae, Heteranthae, and Triseminatae was evaluated using RFLP and RAPD markers. RAPD markers revealed a higher level of genetic diversity than did RFLP markers, both within and among the species evaluated. Phenograms based on various band-matching algorithms revealed three major clusters of similarity among the sections evaluated. The first group included the species from section Extranervosae, the second group consisted of sections Triseminatae, Caulorrhizae, and Heteranthae, and the third group consisted of one accession of Arachis hypogaea, which had been included as a representative of section Arachis. The phenogramsobtained from the RAPD and RFLP data were similar but not identical. Arachis pietrarellii, assayed only by RAPD, showed a high degree of genetic similarity with Arachis villosulicarpa. This observation supported the hypothesis that these two species are closely related. It was also shown that accession V 7786, previously considered to be Arachis sp. aff.pietrarellii, and assayed using both RFLPs and RAPDs, was possibly a new species from section Extranervosae, but very distinct from A. pietrarellii.Keywords: Arachis, RFLP, RAPD, genetic similarity, genetic distance.

The effects of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set and yield of Medjhol date palm

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoul Amir Rahnama ◽  
Esmaeil Rahkhodaei
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Female Flowers

Date palm is unisexual, being either male or female. Male and female flowers grow on buds called Spathe, which opens naturally when fully mature. It is easy to identify the male and female flowers. Under the method of manual pollination, pollen from a male flower is smeared over female flowers. The pollen variety and pollination time have important effects on date palm fruit set, yield and quality. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set, growth and development of Medjhol date palm variety, in date palm garden of date palm and tropical fruit research institute of Iran during three years from 2009 to 2011. The trail was randomized complete block design in factorial manner with three pollen variety as Ghaname, Vardy, and Samesmave, two pollination time as 1-3 days before or after spathe opening and four replication. The results showed that the Vardy pollen had significant effects and increased the fertility percent and fruit yield, rather than two other pollen varieties. The pollen variety had no significant effects on fruit quality as total sugar, acidity, and bricx. The pollination time before spathe opening significantly increased fertility percent, decreased fruit weight and date palm yield. Finally the pollen variety and pollination time interaction effects showed that, application of Vardy pollen from 1-3 days after spathe opening with the most production date palm yield, equal 19.9 kilogram per any date palm trees, so this treatment is the best and are recommended.

The DEVELOPMENT OF Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST POPULATION AFTER INTRODUCTION AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF OIL PALM FRUIT SET IN SERAM ISLAND, MOLLUCAS, INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Agus Eko Prasetyo ◽  
Agus Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Female Flowers ◽  
Elaeidobius Kamerunicus

Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the main pollinating agent in oil palm plantations in Indonesia today. The development of oil palm plantations in new areas requires introduction of these insects, moreover the new areas are located on different islands. First introduction of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust had been done from North Sumatra to Seram Island on 23 September 2013. The introduction was performed on larva and pupa stadium in 4-5 days post anthesising of male inflorescences. The introduction of E. kamerunicus using plywood boxes has an average risk of death by 7.89% at 6 days delivery period. Observation before releasing of the weevils showed that this insect was not detected in both of oil palm male and female flowers and the oil palm fruit set was very low approximately 11.27%. For about 500 weevils/ha were released in Marnuhu estate and could be developed into 362,401 weevils/ha in 5 months with 97.86% of oil palm sex ratio. The oil palm fruit sets were increased after 1 and 2 months introduction, 53.70% and 75.56 %, respectively. The lower sex ratio of oil palm or the more availability of male inflorescences make growth of E. kamerunicus population became faster and the greater number of weevils that visiting anthesising of female flowers make the higher value of oil palm fruit set.

The DEVELOPMENT OF Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST POPULATION AFTER INTRODUCTION AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF OIL PALM FRUIT SET IN SERAM ISLAND, MOLLUCAS, INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Agus Eko Prasetyo ◽  
Agus Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Female Flowers ◽  
Elaeidobius Kamerunicus

Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the main pollinating agent in oil palm plantations in Indonesia today. The development of oil palm plantations in new areas requires introduction of these insects, moreover the new areas are located on different islands. First introduction of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust had been done from North Sumatra to Seram Island on 23 September 2013. The introduction was performed on larva and pupa stadium in 4-5 days post anthesising of male inflorescences. The introduction of E. kamerunicus using plywood boxes has an average risk of death by 7.89% at 6 days delivery period. Observation before releasing of the weevils showed that this insect was not detected in both of oil palm male and female flowers and the oil palm fruit set was very low approximately 11.27%. For about 500 weevils/ha were released in Marnuhu estate and could be developed into 362,401 weevils/ha in 5 months with 97.86% of oil palm sex ratio. The oil palm fruit sets were increased after 1 and 2 months introduction, 53.70% and 75.56 %, respectively. The lower sex ratio of oil palm or the more availability of male inflorescences make growth of E. kamerunicus population became faster and the greater number of weevils that visiting anthesising of female flowers make the higher value of oil palm fruit set.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Flower Development in Castanea Sativa Mill.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1538
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Alhinho ◽  
Miguel Jesus Nunes Ramos ◽  
Sofia Alves ◽  
Margarida Rocheta ◽  
Leonor Morais-Cecílio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Tree ◽  
Abcde Model ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Female Flowers

The sweet chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) is one of the most significant Mediterranean tree species, being an important natural resource for the wood and fruit industries. It is a monoecious species, presenting unisexual male catkins and bisexual catkins, with the latter having distinct male and female flowers. Despite the importance of the sweet chestnut tree, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the determination of sexual organ identity. Thus, the study of how the different flowers of C. sativa develop is fundamental to understand the reproductive success of this species and the impact of flower phenology on its productivity. In this study, a C. sativa de novo transcriptome was assembled and the homologous genes to those of the ABCDE model for floral organ identity were identified. Expression analysis showed that the C. sativa B- and C-class genes are differentially expressed in the male flowers and female flowers. Yeast two-hybrid analysis also suggested that changes in the canonical ABCDE protein–protein interactions may underlie the mechanisms necessary to the development of separate male and female flowers, as reported for the monoecious Fagaceae Quercus suber. The results here depicted constitute a step towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in unisexual flower development in C. sativa, also suggesting that the ABCDE model for flower organ identity may be molecularly conserved in the predominantly monoecious Fagaceae family.

scholarly journals Traits that influence longevity in mice: a second look.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
K B Dear ◽  
M Salazar ◽  
A L Watson ◽  
R S Gelman ◽  
R Bronson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Genotype ◽  
Dominant Black

Abstract Analysis of genetic interactions in the F2 of an intercross of (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) F1J revealed influences of genetic factors on life span. Females lived longer than males. Dilute brown females died sooner than females of other colors. H-2b/H-2b males died sooner than H-2b/H-2d or H-2d/H-2d males, except that among dilute brown males those of typeH-2b/H-2d died sooner. Cluster analysis suggested that male and female genotypes each fall into two groups, with female dilute brown mice having shorter lives than other females, and male H-2b/H-2b mice except dilute brown and dilute brown H-2b/H-2d mice having shorter lives than other males. The association of heterozygosity with life span was clearer in females than in males, yet the longest-lived female genotype was homozygous H-2d/H-2d, of dominant Black phenotype at the Brown locus of chromosome 4, and homozygous dd at the Dilute locus of chromosome 9. The shortest-lived females were dilute brown H-2b/H-2b. The longest-lived and shortest-lived male genotypes were dilute brown H-2d/H-2d and dilute brown H-2b/H-2d, respectively. Although histological findings at postmortem differed between the sexes, there was no association of particular disorders with other genetic markers. The importance of H-2 in males was confirmed, but the allelic effects were perturbed, possibly by the absence of Sendai infection in this experiment. Overall our studies suggest that genetic influences on life span involve interactions between loci, and allelic interactions may change with viral infections or other environmental factors.

Quantitative Bestimmung der hydrierten Pterine und des Xanthommatins in den Augen von Ceratitis capitata WIED (Dipt. Trypetidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmgard Ziegler ◽  
M. Feron
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quantitative Bestimmung ◽  
Drastic Increase

In the eyes of male and female flies a quantitative determination of the tetrahydropterin, the corresponding dihydro-compound (Sepiapterin) and of xanthommatin from 0—5 days after hatching was made. The increase of xanthommatin almost stops 24 hours after hatching; about 13 μg are present after that time. The tetrahydropterin, after a drastic increase during the first 24 hours, remains at a level of about 1,1 — 1,2 µg. In contrast the dihydrocompound which is nearly absent at the time of hatching is deposited on the eye-granules between the third and fifth day. At that time, especially in the male the dihydropterin/tetrahydropterin ratio is increased. Starvation during the first 24 hours has essentially no effect on the amount of xanthommation whereas the amount of pterins is markedly reduced.

Differential nectar production between male and female flowers in a wild cucurbit: Cucurbita maxima ssp. andreana (Cucurbitaceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Ashworth ◽  
Leonardo Galetto
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Nectar Sugar Composition ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

In dioecious and monoecious plants that depend on animal vectors for reproduction, pollinators have to be attracted to male and female flowers for pollination to be effective. In the monoecious Cucurbita maxima ssp. andreana, male flowers are produced in greater quantity, are spatially more exposed to pollinators and offer pollen in addition to nectar as floral rewards. Nectar traits were compared between male and female flowers to determine any differences in the characteristics of the main reward offered to pollinators. Nectar chemical composition and sugar proportions were similar between flower types. Total nectar sugar production per female flower was threefold higher than per male flower, and nectar removal did not have any effect on total nectar production in both flower morphs. Pollinators reduced nectar standing crops to similar and very scarce amounts in both flower types. Results indicate indirectly that pollinators are consuming more nectar from female flowers, suggesting that the higher nectar production in female flowers may be a reward-based strategy to achieve the high female reproductive output observed in this species.Key words: Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbita maxima ssp. andreana, nectar production, nectar sugar composition, removal effects, standing crop.

Dental Interns’ Perceptions of Their Training Experiences at Different Training Centers: A Look at Work Environment and Supervision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alenezi
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: the aim of this study was to explore dental interns perceptions on their learning environment and supervision. Methods: This survey was in form of questioner in which interns are required to fill and submit at the end of each training rotation. The questionnaire includes 20 items and was divided into three main parts: the first part of the questionnaire evaluated the interns perception toward the learning outcomes obtained from the field experience and their development. The second part of the study assessed the interns' perceptions toward their supervisors. The third part of the questionnaire investigated the interns' perceptions toward training centers facilities. Results: A total number of 234 questioners were filled and submitted by interns in which 134 from male intern (57.3%) and 100 from female interns (42.7%). In general, the interns from both genders appeared very satisfied with their training experience. With all the questionnaire 20 items, more than 75% of the obtained answers was either agree or strongly agree with similar obtained from both male and female interns. Conclusions: High level of satisfaction can be obtained when the the field experience outcomes is clearly explained to the dental interns. In addition, the availability of supervisors with full awareness of learning outcomes will improve the learning experience of dental interns.

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