Investigating the Common and Specific Role of Emotional Factors in Current Cravings and Thoughts-Imagination of Consumption in Iranian Opioid Dependent Patients

Background: Craving has an important place in the structure of the literature on consumption disorders. Objectives: The present research investigates the relationship between emotional factors (such as positive and negative effects, emotion regulation, emotion regulation strategies, emotional processing, emotional stimulation, attention to emotional stimuli, emotional separation, and emotional response) with consumption craving. Patients and Methods: The statistical population of current descriptive-correlational research consisted of all opium-dependent patients living in medium-term accommodation centers (camps) in Zahedan, Iran, from 2018 to 2019. Among 21 allowed accommodation centers, 12 were randomly selected. A purposive sampling method was used to select 243 patients. For collecting data, multiple questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software. Results: The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that among emotional factors, emotional excitement could only predict 0.020 of variations in instant craving, and other emotional factors did not have much explanatory power. However, to predict drug carvings and desires, more emotional variables (emotional arousal, emotional processing, affection, emotion regulation, and emotional separation) were entered into the equation, and the set could predict 0.156% of drug carving. Conclusions: Cultural factors play an important role in the discussion of emotion, and it is important to consider them in the field of drug prevention. Concurrent attention is needed to be paid to the biological, psychological, and social dimensions. In addition, concurrent treatment can lead to interdisciplinary collaboration.

THE HOUSEWIFE’S PERSONAL TRAITS AND THEIR RELATION TO THE MARITAL SILENCE

The research aims mainly to identify the relationship between the personal traits of the respondents with their studied dimensions ( social traits- mental traits- psychological traits- leadership traits) and marital silence with its studied axes (emotional separation- intellectual separation- sexual separation) A random sample was taken from the housewives of the village ‘ Toukh Al-Khail’ Al-Menya Governorate, for the rural sector , and from the town of Matay , Al-Menya Governorate, for the urban sector. The sample size was (568) housewives, (322) from rural families, and (246) from urban families. The data were collected via personal interviews and many statistical methods were used in describing and analyzing data namely; frequency distributions, percentages, simple correlation, T-test, F-test, and multiple linear regression. The results of the study can be summarized as follows ; The dimension of emotional separation came first, followed by the dimensions the intellectual and the sexual separation. There is a multi-correlative relationship between the independent studied quantitative variables altogether, and the degree of marital silence for the respondents in the three dimensions studied, and that the variable of total personal traits ranks first in terms of influencing the degree of emotional separation, followed by the variable of the age of the respondent, and finally the number of the years of education of the respondent, also, the variable of total personal traits ranked first in terms of influencing the degree of intellectual separation, followed by the age variable, then the variable of the number of educational years of the husband, and finally the variable of family size ranked last in terms of influencing the degree of intellectual separation. The variable of total personal traits ranked first in terms of affecting the degree of sexual separation, followed by the variable of the monthly income of the family ranked second, and finally the variable of the number of years of education of the husband

The role of toxic leadership styles in the escaping of talented ITexperts from cities administration

All business successful cities in the world are tryingto attract and retain talents. This directly affects theirrecognition, competitiveness and development. Escaping talents isone of the difficulties in developing cities today, especially intransition countries. Talents do not run out of cities just for longtermwaiting after graduation, non-motivating salaries, etc. butalso because of toxic leadership styles. The paper presents howmany different pathogens the management styles of employees incity administrations and public utilities operate on that escape.The study was carried out on a quotient representative sample (n= 50). The sample was made by young talents of completed ITdegree studies. The method of variance analysis and regressionanalysis was used. The results that have come out clearly showthat four toxic human leadership behaviors have the greatestimpact on the escape of these talents from cities. These are:narcissism, depression, aggression and emotional separation ofcity service leaders and public utility companies. The paperpresents a significant contribution to the management of careercareers and the management of human capital in cities.

Attempted suicide: Study of the phenomenon in a sample of patients in the province of Modena

IntroductionAttempted suicide consists in a self-damaging non-fatal behaviour, with an explicit or implicit evidence of the intent to die. It has a multifactorial aetiology: presence of psychiatric disorder, particularly major depression and other non-psychiatric components, like a series of stressful events.AimTo describe suicidal behavior among patients who attempted suicide.MethodsCross-sectional study. Patients admitted to three hospitals in the Province of Modena (Italy) after having attempted suicide were enrolled. Observation time: August 2015–August 2016 (13 months). Descriptive statistics made with STATA 13.0.ResultsA total of 187 subjects (female 65%) were enrolled in the period of time considered. Forty-one percent were aged 45–64; 43.7% had higher education; 50.4% were unemployed; 49.6% had regular income. Common means to attempt suicide were drugs (64%), weapons (11%), precipitation (10%), other (6%), choking (4%). Recent stressful events were reported by the 83.4% of respondents, namely: family conflicts (29%), economic problems (17%), personal health problems (11%), health problems affecting a family member (5%), emotional separation (9%), job loss (7%), other (22%), alcohol abuse (27%), substance abuse (4%). The main psychiatric diagnoses were: depressive disorder (56.67%), personality disorder (20%), psychotic disorder (6.67%), bipolar disorder (5.33%), behavioural disorders (2.67%), anxiety disorders (2%), dementia (1.33%).ConclusionsFindings of the present study are consistent with available literature and could help to identify “high risk” groups to plan future targeted programmes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.