The influence of crossbreeding and LPL genotype on the yield, composition and quality of goat milk

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of crossbreeding and the LPL genotype on goat milk yield, composition and quality indicators. This research was carried out in a herd of pure-breed Saanen, Anglo-Nubian, and crossbred Saanen and Anglo-Nubian goats (n=137) in Lithuania. Saanen x Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats and Saanen had a significantly (P<0.05) higher (34.91% and 16.03 %, respectively) milk yield compared to Anglo-Nubian goats. The highest (P<0.05) fat and protein and the lowest (P<0.05) lactose percentages and somatic cell count were found in the milk of Anglo-Nubian goats, compared to Saanen x Anglo-Nubian crossbreds and Saanen goats. The highest (P<0.05) milk yield was determined in the CC genotype of the LPL gene (on average 20.08 % higher than in the CG and GG genotypes) of goats. However, the milk yield of the CC genotype was characterised (P<0.05) by the lowest fat, protein and milk urea levels, and the highest amount of lactose compared to the milk of the GG genotype. The study showed that breed and LPL genotype affected goat milk yield and composition and appear to be the valuable biomarkers of the goat selection process.

Associations of Gene Polymorphisms and Prognosis in Highly Adherent to Treatment Patients After Myocardial Infarction

Aim. To evaluate the influence of genetic factors on the risk of developing a combined endpoint, during a one-year supervision of patients, who had myocardial infarction and highly adherent to drug therapy.Material and methods. The research included 250 patients with high adherence to treatment with myocardial infarction, using the method of polymerase chain reaction we determined the polymorphisms Thr174Met and Met235Thr in the AGT gene, Arg389Gly and Ser49Gly in the ADRB1 gene, Ser447Ter in the LPL gene and Leu28Pro in the APOE gene, Trp212Ter and G681A in the CYP2C19 gene, and then we evaluated their influence on the prognosis.Results. A significant influence on the risk of developing combined endpoint was noticed for the polymorphism of CYP2C19 (G681A) gene. For the GA genotype of the CYP2C19 gene (G6881A), the OR of developing an unsuccessful outcome was 1.97 (95 % CI 1.05 — 3.69) (P = 0.03). For сarrier-state of A allele the OR was 1.46 (95 % CI 1.06 — 3.64) (P = 0.03). Conclusion. The results received indicate the need for individual approach for the choice of drugs from the group of inhibitors P2Y12-receptors for dual antiplatelet therapy, and if clopidogrel is chosen it is necessary to resolve the issue of pharmacogenetic testing for CYP2C19.

Association Between Methylation Levels of LPL, ADRB3 and MTHFR Genes in Leukocytes from Individuals with Isolated or Associated Morbidities and Inflammation: A Cross-Sectional Study

Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation have been associated with the etiology of inflammation-related diseases. The present study evaluated the association between the methylation levels of LPL , ADRB3 and MTHFR genes and the stage of inflammation in individuals with isolated or associated morbidities, as well as in individuals without morbidities. This is a cross-sectional population-based study, in which 261 adults, between 20 and 59 years, individuals of both sex were selected. Inflammatory parameters were evaluated in blood, and the evaluation of methylation levels in the promoter of LPL , ADRB3 and MTHFR genes was performed in peripheral blood leukocytes. For statistical treatment, normality analysis was performed using the Lilliefors test, multiple linear regression, in addition to odds ratio. For all tests, the significance level adopted was 5%. In individuals with isolated morbidities, a positive association was observed between CRP values ​​(2.49mg/L±3.7) and LPL gene methylation levels (35%±18) (p=.003) and with associated morbidities, females had higher levels of LPL gene methylation (40% ± 20) (p = 0.041) and for MTHFR gene methylation levels (35% ± 18) a positive association was found with MDA values ​​(3.02µmol/L± 0.8) (p=.032). In addition, the use of medications did not influence the level of methylation for any of the three genes analyzed. Among individuals with isolated or associated morbidities, there was an association between the methylation levels of the LPL gene with the CRP values ​​and females, and furthermore with the MTHFR gene and MDA. This study could help to understand the etiology and treatment of different morbidities, enabling the discovery of new combats resources.

Lipid Profile of Plasma in Young Women Depending on Their Physical Activity and Hereditary Predisposition

We studied the association of the polymorphic rs320 variant of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene, rs2016520 variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) gene and rs670 variant of the apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) gene with blood lipids in female athletes and women not involved in sports. Key indicators of the lipid spectrum – total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), highdensity lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the blood serum – were determined by the enzymatic method using Cormay reagents (Germany) and Fluorat-02-ABLF-T analyser (Russia). Genotyping of the samples was carried out by means of the PCR-RFLP analysis. A direct correlation was found between the *H+ allele of the rs320 polymorphic variant of the LPL gene and the blood levels of TC (r = 0.17; p = 0.01), TG (r = 0.33; p = 0.000005), LDL (r = 0.16; p = 0.02), and atherogenic index (AI) (r = 0.28; p = 0.0002), as well as an inverse correlation between this allele and HDL (r = –0.19; p = 0.009) in women not involved in sports. The *A allele of the polymorphic variant rs670 of the APOA1 gene in this group showed a negative correlation with TC (r = –0.22; p = 0.004) and TG (r = –0.31; p = 0.00004), while the polymorphic variant rs2016520 of the PPARD gene revealed a linear correlation of the *C allele with LDL (r = 0.15; p = 0.02) and AI (r = 0.16; p = 0.01). Three alleles – *H of the LPL gene, *G of the APOA1 gene and *T of the PPARD gene – demonstrated an additive effect on the decrease in TG, LDL and AI and on the increase in HDL in women regardless of their level of motor activity. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of blood lipids in female athletes with different genotypes of the LPL, PPARD, and APOA1 genes. Further research is needed involving larger samples of athletes.

Association of Ser447Ter polymorphisms of the LPL gene and rs9939609 of the FTO gene with obesity in children and adolescents in the Rostov-on-Don population

The aim of this study was to study the correlation between the Ser447ter (C-G) polymorphisms of the LPL gene and rs9939609 of the FTO gene and obesity in children and adolescents of the Rostov region (Russia). A case-control study examined the relationship between the rs9939609 polymorphisms of the FTO gene and Ser447Ter (S447X) of the LPL gene with obesity in 520 children and adolescents of both sexes aged 3 to 18 years: the main group consisted of 370 obese children and adolescents, and the control group - 150 children and adolescents without obesity. Genotyping of polymorphisms T / A rs9939609 of the FTO gene and C / G Ser447Ter of the LPL gene was performed using PCR- allele-specific primers. Polymorphisms of the FTO rs9939609 and LPL Ser447Ter genes in donor DNA samples were typed by the electrophoretic method using commercial test systems from the Litekh research and production com-pany (Russia). The relationship between the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene and obesity was revealed, differences (P<0.05) were established between the main and control groups in the frequency of occurrence of the AA genotype (P = 0.0079) and allele A (P = 0.005; OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.51–0.88) of the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene. Combinations of genotypes with increased and decreased risk of obesity in the child and adolescent population of Rostov-on-Don were determined. Antagonistic rela-tionships between the rs9939609 polymorphisms of the FTO gene and Ser447Ter of the LPL gene are shown. Using the MDR method, combinations of genotypes with an increased and decreased risk of obe-sity in the child and adolescent population of Rostov-on-Don were established.

Associations of the LPL S447X and Hind III Polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk: A Meta-Analysis

The present study was aimed to evaluate the association of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene (S447X and Hind III) polymorphisms and T2DM. Relevant studies were identified through systematic search PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang, CNKI databases. A total of 22 studies (8 studies for LPL S447X and 14 studies for Hind III) were included. The results showed that the LPL S447X polymorphism was associated with the low risk of T2DM under dominant and allelic genetic models. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed that the LPL S447X polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of T2DM in the Asian population (under dominant, heterozygous and allelic genetic models). In addition, we found that X allele carriers of S447X polymorphism is associated with low levels of TC, TG, and LDL. In subgroup analysis, Hind III polymorphism was associated with low risk of T2DM in Asian populations (under dominant, heterozygote, allele genetic models). Moreover, the carriers of H allele of Hind III have lower levels of TG, and higher levels of HDL-C. This meta-analysis demonstrated that 447X carriers and H allele in LPL gene associated with low risk of T2DM, which may due to in part to the change of serum level of TC, TG, LDL, and HDL.