The perilous riding behavior and accident of motorcycles in university students

Background: An inevitable traffic accident frequently resulted from the dereliction of individualized community from disobeying regulation which causes an impact on the safety of another person. The impact raised is not merely in terms of material but also non-material.Objective: This research was aimed to know the correlation between risky riding behavior and the accident of motorcycles experienced by university students of Halu Oleo University of Kendari, Indonesia.Methods: This research utilized the cross-sectional design. Data were collected on June 2021 using a validated questionnaire online among 251 respondents. Results: 84.5% of respondents had ever experienced motorcycle accidents. There was a correlation between listening to music while riding (p = 0.973), riding with the speed more than 50 km/hour (p = 0.220), sudden braking (p = 0.267), overtaking without turning rear light (p = 0.518), with the motorcycle accidents.Conclusion: The dangerous riding behavior can potentially decrease the rider’s ability and increase the possibility of a car accident. The university could improve safe riding through empowering and encouraging education about riding towards students.

Efficient and Color-tunable Organic Light-emitting Diodes for Rear Light Application on the Motor Vehicle

By designing double emissive layers, orange light-emitting layer (EML) and red EML and a space layer of blending hole-transporting material (HTM) with electron-transporting material (ETM), we have achieved efficient and color-tunable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). It is found that the red shift of EL spectrum was enhanced when the ratio of HTM to ETM was 5:1. And a maximum current efficiency of 41.17 cd/A was reached. It has been demonstrated that two ultra-thin emissive layers could improve the current efficiency of the OLEDs. The current efficiency of the OLEDs with a 1 nm o;6range EML and a 1 nm red EML was enhanced by 27.4 % as compared to the reference devices. This is a novel approach to realizing voltage-controlled electroluminescence (EL) over different colors and intensity in a single OLED. The color-tunable OLEDs show the potential to be utilized as rear light on motor vehicle. We have investigated the effect of the ratio of HTM to ETM on the efficiency and spectral shift of the OLEDs through the control of recommendation zone.

Design of Low-Glared LED Rear Light of Automotive for EU ECE Regulation by Use of Optimized Micro-Prisms Array

A new LED rear light for automotives is proposed and demonstrated for EU ECE R07 regulation. The full rear light is a combination of a position lamp and a braking lamp, and LED light bars and micro-prisms are involved as their essential components. The micro-prisms are applied to homogenize the output of the rear light to decrease glare and accomplish EU ECE standard. Through experiments, it is shown that EU ECE R07 regulation can be met in the proposed rear light, and 12% (position lamps) and 26.5% (braking lamps) higher candela can be enhanced after the optimization of micro-prisms.

Design of Precrash System for Smart Cars by using Li-Fi

In this paper we proposed a system to avoid collision between vehicles by using light fidelity (Li-Fi) technology. The data transmission from one vehicle to another is facilitate with the help of car to car communication (C2C). The model consists of Li-Fi circuit, Arduino UNO, Ultrasonic Range Sensor, Servo Motor. The transmitter section will be placed on the rear light of the leading car and the receiver section will be placed on the front of the following car. The transmitter section placed on the leading car will sent the calculated speed to the receiver section placed on the following car and according to the data received the speed of the following car will change such that it avoids collision. The system makes use of the visible light spectrum for communication between vehicles. Hence the collision detection system become cheaper.

Case study research: Optical digitization, reverse engineering and rapid prototyping as a solution in pedal car development process

The motivation of this work was to find an appropriate manufacturing method for pedal car accessories. This study describes the application of optical digitization, reverse engineering and rapid prototyping in manufacturing process of accessories for handmade pedal car, which imitates an unique historic Czech car, a Škoda 1000 MB, type 990 Roadster. Two well-known design elements, rear light and front indicator, were digitized by non-contact 3D scanner. The digitized 3D models were used as an inputs for reverse engineering. Their shapes were modified due to technological limits of vacuum forming, scaled and used to design of the 3D printed vacuum forming moulds. The final parts were made of transparent foil, trimmed around the perimeter and airbrushed from the inside. The described process served to verify the manufacturability of these accessories before commencing works on a mass-produced pedal cars intended for sale to customers.