scholarly journals Characteristics and Experiences of Ride-Hailing Drivers with Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Angela Sanguinetti ◽  
Kenneth Kurani
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Electric Driving ◽  
The Us

Electrification of transportation network companies (TNCs), such as Uber and Lyft, can produce social and environmental benefits from reduced vehicle emissions and enhanced implementation of renewable electricity as well as private benefits to drivers via reduced vehicle fuel and maintenance costs compared to conventional vehicles. We conducted a survey of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) drivers on the Uber platform in the US. This paper describes these drivers and their experiences to further understanding of motivations for and barriers to PEV adoption among TNC drivers. The TNC-PEV drivers in this sample clearly recognized, and were largely motivated by, economic benefits of fuel and maintenance savings, thus, increased net earnings, associated with using a PEV to provide ride-hailing services rather than a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle. Most drivers reported charging their PEV every day, most often at home and overnight. This is true even of those with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that can run on gas if not charged. Increased electric driving range topped the list of drivers’ wishes to better support PEVs on TNCs, and range limitations topped the list of reasons why PHEV drivers did not opt for a battery electric vehicle (BEV; that runs exclusively on electricity). The second most common wish among all PEV drivers was for more charger locations.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles using Vehicle Usage Data Collected in Shanghai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xia ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Zhiyuan Liu ◽  
Jing Dong
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Gasoline Price ◽  
Electric Driving ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the economic viability of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) in Shanghai, China based on a real-world in-use PHEV dataset. To quantify PHEV drivers’ gross profit compared with internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) owners, a total cost of ownership (TCO) model is adopted taking account of vehicle retail price, tax credits, subsidies, insurance, maintenance, energy prices, and resale value. The impact of the determinants for gross profit are examined in relation to vehicle distance traveled (VDT) electrically, gasoline price, electricity price, and car-buying cost. It is found that: (1) only 10% of the deployment of PHEVs (i.e., BYD Qin) is economically viable if the benefit from a free license plate is exempt; (2) the 100-kilometer gross profit of PHEVs increases linearly with the electric driving distance, while the saving of energy cost per kilometer decreases with the total VDT; (3) PHEVs’ profit could be significantly improved by reducing the car-buying cost—a decrease of 10% in car-buying cost makes 80% of the PHEV deployment feasible; and (4) if switching the daytime charges to off-peak hours, 50% of the PHEV deployment will become feasible.

EV – Challenges In Going Electric

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umanand L
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Hybrid Electric

This article presents a frank and open opinion on the challenges that will be faced in moving towards an electric mass transport ecosystem. World over there is considerable research activity on electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. There seems to be a global effort to move from an ICE driven ecosystem to electric vehicle ecosystem. There is no simple means to make this transition. This road is filled with hurdles and challenges. This paper poses and discusses these challenges and possible solutions for enabling EVs.

Multirate Integration in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Virtual Proving Grounds

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Solis ◽  
Chris Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equations ◽  
Vehicle Systems ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Abstract In recent years technology development for the design of electric and hybrid-electric vehicle systems has reached a peak, due to ever increasing restrictions on fuel economy and reduced vehicle emissions. An international race among car manufacturers to bring production hybrid-electric vehicles to market has generated a great deal of interest in the scientific community. The design of these systems requires development of new simulation and optimization tools. In this paper, a description of a real-time numerical environment for Virtual Proving Grounds studies for hybrid-electric vehicles is presented. Within this environment, vehicle models are developed using a recursive multibody dynamics formulation that results in a set of Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAE), and vehicle subsystem models are created using Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). Based on engineering knowledge of vehicle systems, two time scales are identified. The first time scale, referred to as slow time scale, contains generalized coordinates describing the mechanical vehicle system that includs the chassis, steering rack, and suspension assemblies. The second time scale, referred to as fast time scale, contains the hybrid-electric powertrain components and vehicle tires. Multirate techniques to integrate the combined set of DAE and ODE in two time scales are used to obtain computational gains that will allow solution of the system’s governing equations for state derivatives, and efficient numerical integration in real time.

A Methodological Approach for Supporting the Thermal Design of Li-Ion Battery for Customized Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Landi ◽  
Paolo Cicconi ◽  
Michele Germani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Li Ion

An important issue in the mechanical industry is the reduction of the time to market, in order to meet quickly the customer needs. This goal is very important for SMEs that produce small lots of customized products. In the context of greenhouse gas emissions reduction, vehicles powered by electric motors seem to be the most suitable alternative to the traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. The market of customized electric vehicles is a niche market suitable for SMEs. Nowadays, the energy storage system of an electric vehicle powertrain consists of several Li-ion cells arranged in a container called battery pack. Particularly, the battery unit is considered as the most critical component in electric vehicle, because it impacts on performance and life cycle cost. Currently, the design of a battery pack mostly depends on the related market size. A longer design time is expected in the case of a large scale production. While a small customized production requires more agility and velocity in the design process. The proposed research focuses on a design methodology to support the designer in the evaluation of the battery thermal behavior. This work has been applied in the context of a customized small production. As test case, an urban electric light commercial vehicle has been analyzed. The designed battery layout has been evaluated and simulated using virtual prototyping tools. A cooling configuration has been analyzed and then prototyped in a physical vehicle. The virtual thermal behavior of a Li-ion battery has been validated at the test bench. The real operational conditions have been analyzed reproducing several ECE-15 driving cycles and many acceleration runs at different load values. Thermocouples have measured the temperature values during the physical experiments, in order to validate the analytical thermal profile evaluated with the proposed design approach.

scholarly journals Advancements in Battery Technologies of Electric Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
V.K Bupesh Raja ◽  
Ignatius Raja ◽  
Rahul Kavvampally
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Compact Design

Abstract The Automotive Industry has undergone a huge revolution – Electric Vehicles! Electric cars are growing fast and the demand for them is increasing all around the world, thanks to the more and improved choice, reduced prices, and enhancing battery technology. Introduced more than 100 years ago, electric vehicles have gone through a tremendous amount of advancement. This paper reviews the current major challenges faced by the Electric Vehicle Industry along with possible solutions to overcome them. Although electric vehicles have come a long way, the battery used in the vehicles needs to be further explored to harness maximum energy with a compact design. Electric vehicles should soon be able to compete with combustion engine vehicles in every aspect. Also, this paper reviews alternative materials for electrodes and batteries to make charging faster and reliable than ever. This paper envisages few concepts that could revolutionize Automobile Industry further in the future.

scholarly journals Reverse Logistics Network Design of Electric Vehicle Batteries considering Recall Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Hao Hao ◽  
Yichen Sun ◽  
Xueyun Mei ◽  
Yanjun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Logistics Network ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reverse Logistics Network

In 2018-2019, the recall scale of electric vehicles (EVs) in China reached 168,700 units; recalls account for approximately 6.9% of sales volume. There are imperative reasons for electric vehicle batteries (EVBs) recalls, such as mandatory laws or policies, safety and environmental pollution risks, and the high value of EVB echelon use, and thus, it has become increasingly important to reasonably design a reverse logistics (RL) network for an EVB recall. In this study, a multiobjective and multiperiod recall RL network model is developed to minimize safety and environmental risks, maximize the social responsibility and economic benefits, and consider the characteristics of EVBs, including the configuration of key recall facilities and the control of recall flows. The results of this study will help EVB practitioners, relevant departmental policymakers, and others to comprehensively understand the recall of EVBs, strengthen the safety and environmental protection issues in the EVB recall process, and promote the establishment of a safe, green, and sustainable EVB recall RL network.

scholarly journals Fuel Economy of Plug-In Hybrid Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Effects of Vehicle Weight, Hybridization Ratio and Ambient Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heejung Jung
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Vehicle Weight ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Hybridization Ratio

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are evolving rapidly since the introduction of Toyota Prius into the market in 1997. As the world needs more fuel-efficient vehicles to mitigate climate change, the role of HEVs and PHEVs are becoming ever more important. While fuel economies of HEVs and PHEVs are superior to those of internal combustion engine (ICE) powered vehicles, they are partially powered by batteries and therefore they resemble characteristics of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) such as dependence of fuel economy on ambient temperatures. It is also important to understand how different extent of hybridization (a.k.a., hybridization ratio) affects fuel economy under various driving conditions. In addition, it is of interest to understand how HEVs and PHEVs compare with BEVs at a similar vehicle weight. This study investigated the relationship between vehicle mass and vehicle performance parameters, mainly fuel economy and driving range of PHEVs focused on 2018 and 2019 model years using the test data available from fuel economy website of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Previous studies relied on modeling to understand mass impact on fuel economy for HEV as there were not enough number of HEVs in the market to draw a trendline at the time. The study also investigated the effect of ambient temperature for HEVs and PHEVs and kinetic energy recovery of the regenerative braking using the vehicle testing data for model year 2013 and 2015 from Idaho National Lab (INL). The current study assesses current state-of-art for PHEVs. It also provides analysis of experimental results for validation of vehicle dynamic and other models for PHEVs and HEVs.

scholarly journals Simulation of Future Electric Vehicle Charging Behavior—Effects of Transition from PHEV to FEV

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igna Vermeulen ◽  
Jurjen Rienk Helmus ◽  
Mike Lees ◽  
Robert van den Hoed
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Infrastructure Performance ◽  
Charging Stations

The Netherlands is a frontrunner in the field of public charging infrastructure, having one of the highest number of public charging stations per electric vehicle (EV) in the world. During the early years of adoption (2012–2015), a large percentage of the EV fleet were plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) due to the subsidy scheme at that time. With an increasing number of full electric vehicles (FEVs) on the market and a current subsidy scheme for FEVs only, a transition of the EV fleet from PHEV to FEV is expected. This is hypothesized to have an effect on the charging behavior of the complete fleet, and is reason to understand better how PHEVs and FEVs differ in charging behavior and how this impacts charging infrastructure usage. In this paper, the effects of the transition of PHEV to FEV is simulated by extending an existing agent-based model. Results show important effects of this transition on charging infrastructure performance.

Electric Vehicle Forecasting for China from 2011 to 2050 Based on Scenario Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 128-129 ◽  
pp. 846-849
Author(s):  
Shi Jun Fu ◽  
Yu Long Ren
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Industry

With climate change being growing concerns, the development of EV (Electric Vehicles) has taken on an accelerated pace. This paper is to forecast China’s EV stock from 2011 to 2050 based on the double species growth model. We elaborate two orbits according to two scenarios: with vehicle stock being 200 and 300 per thousand people at 2050. These orbits reveals that, China’s EVs development has a golden stage which will last 10 to 11 years; And before this booming stage, there is a slowly growth period which will last 7 to 8 years. Furthermore, under each scenario, the difference between EVs and ICEVs (Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles) stock at 2030 is 4.69% to 6.77%, which confirms that China’s ambitious EVs program may be realized if government sets strong policy supports on this new industry persistently.

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