Determination of Transmittance of IR Windows made of CaF2 within Operational Temperatures of Electric Devices

The article presents summaries of works which have resulted in the presentation of a formula making it possible to determine an approximate transmittance of an IR window used in thermographic measurements of electric device temperatures. The equation was formulated after analysing components of the IR radiation reaching the camera lens in case when an IR window was not used and when an IR window was used. Conditions prevailing in course of the thermographic temperature measurement of electric devices contained in the switchgear were recreated in the performance of the works. The measurement system which was used in the experiment has been presented. Components of the IR radiation reaching the camera lens in case when the IR window was used and when the IR window was not used have been discussed. The obtained transmittance results of windows VPFR-75 FRK100-CL have been compared against data from literary sources.

Eyeball Movement Detection To Control Smart Wheelchair Using Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR)

Many developed technology's with an aim of helping the disabilities. One of them is a wheelchair. It is the most common stuff that used for helping disabilities as a tool for mobilization. There are two types of wheelchair. The first is the manual wheelchair, operated by hand. The second is an electrical wheelchair, that operated by joystick or other electric device. This research proposed a mechanism to control the wheelchair by using an eye movement. It could be used especially for people with multiple disabilities (hand and foot defects), so they can take an advantage of their eyeballs as a tool to control wheelchair movement. There are five options for controlling the wheelchair (leftward, rightward, upward, downward and center). Leftward, rightward and center used for control direction of smart wheelchair. Furthermore, upward and downward of eye movements used to control the speed of smart wheelchair. Upward command used to increase the speed. Meanwhile, down-ward used to decrease the speed (stop). The proposed method used EAR (Eye Aspect Ratio), which divided into three regions based on sector area, for determining the directions of the eyeball movement. EAR is the value that represents the ratio between the upper eyelid and lower eyelid. The result obtained high accuracy

Check the Need–Prevalence and Outcome after Transvenous Cardiac Implantable Electric Device Extraction without Reimplantation

Background: after transvenous lead extraction (TLE) of cardiac implantable electric devices (CIEDs), some patients may not benefit from device reimplantation. This study sought to analyse predictors and long-term outcome of patients after TLE with vs. without reimplantation in a high-volume centre. Methods: all patients undergoing TLE at our centre between January 2010 and November 2015 were included into this analysis. Results: a total of 223 patients (median age 70 years, 22.0% female) were included into the study. Cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) was the most common device (40.4%) followed by pacemaker (PM) (31.4%), implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) (26.9%), and cardiac resynchronization therapy-PM (CRT-P) (1.4%). TLE was performed due to infection (55.6%), malfunction (35.9%), system upgrade (6.7%) or other causes (1.8%). In 14.8%, no reimplantation was performed after TLE. At a median follow-up of 41 months, no preventable arrhythmia-related events were documented in the no-reimplantation group, but 11.8% received a new CIED after 17–84 months. While there was no difference in short-term survival, five-year survival was significantly lower in the no-reimplantation group (78.3% vs. 94.7%, p = 0.014). Conclusions: in patients undergoing TLE, a re-evaluation of the indication for reimplantation is safe and effective. Reimplantation was not related to preventable arrhythmia events, but all-cause survival was lower.

An important source of preanalytical error in medical laboratories: centrifugation

Centrifugation separates particles within the specimen according to their shape, dimensions, and density and basically can be defined as a separation method. The centrifuge is an essential device in medical laboratories to prepare the serum, plasma, and urine samples for analysis. It is basically an electric device composed of the stationary (motor) and the motile (rotor) part. The centrifugation depends on two main variables: relative centrifugal force (RCF) and centrifugation time. The physical impact separating the specimen into its components in the centrifuge known as RCF is expressed as the multiples of gravitational acceleration (×g). RPM, defined as the number of rotations of the centrifuge per minute, shows the speed of the centrifuge. RCF value can be calculated by using RPM, and the centrifuge radius. Because models and sizes of centrifuges vary considerably, the use of gravity (g) forces instead of RPM is suggested. The centrifuges can be classified according to their usage, speed, technical specifications, and rotor type. An accurate and precise centrifugation process is essential to prevent errors in the preanalytical phase. The purpose of this document is to ensure the standardization of a good, precise protocol for the centrifugation process among the medical laboratories.

Reducing the cost of washing milking machines milk line through the use of dual-circuit system flushing

The paper deals with the creation of energy-efficient dual-circuit flushing system based mobile-electric device with active working bodies. Application of the system allows to divide the flushing process and the milk milking apparatus that provides effective washing hydromechanical cleaning milking machines and the milk mobile device with a minimum amount of cleaning solution. The proposed system reduces the duration of washing detergent and consumption of energy by 50%.

Heat analysis of different devices for thermo-explantation of dental implants: a numeric analysis and preclinical in-vitro model

Thermal treatment may reverse the osseointegration of implants and could become an atraumatic controlled method for implant removal in the future. The aim of this non-random in vitro study was to empirically identify suitable sources for a controlled heating process, in order to generate a homogenous temperature distribution at a threshold level of 47°C for future in vivo research. Two different set-ups evaluating four different sources (water, laser, monopolar and an electrical joule heater device) were used to carry out infrared measurements and numerical calculations at 47°C along the implant axis and along the periimplant area at the axial plane. Furthermore, required time intervals to heat up the implant tip from 33°C to 47°C were determined. The monopolar electric device led to the most uneven and unpredictable implant heating and was therefore excluded. The thermal analysis suggested identical thermal distributions without any significant differences for water and electrical joule sources with a heat maximum at the implant shoulder (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the laser device may produce the temperature maximum in the middle of the implant without any afterglow effect (p < 0.01). When the implant was heated from 33°C up to 47°C, the water device indicated the fastest approach. Thermal distributions of water and laser sources may be suitable for clinical applications. For future research the numerical analysis may suggests an ideal time interval of 120s to 180s for a homogenous implant temperature of 47°C.

Evaluating card-based protocols in terms of execution time

Card-based cryptography is an attractive and unconventional computation model; it provides secure computing methods using a deck of physical cards. It is noteworthy that a card-based protocol can be easily executed by non-experts such as high school students without the use of any electric device. One of the main goals in this discipline is to develop efficient protocols. The efficiency has been evaluated by the number of required cards, the number of colors, and the average number of protocol trials. Although these evaluation metrics are simple and reasonable, it is difficult to estimate the total number of operations or execution time of protocols based only on these three metrics. Therefore, in this paper, we consider adding other metrics to estimate the execution time of protocols more precisely. Furthermore, we actually evaluate some of the important existing protocols using our new criteria.