Thermocracking of a heavy fraction of the oil residue in a mixture with shale

The process of tar thermal cracking in a mixture with crushed oil shale to obtain components of motor fuels and raw materials for the process of thermal cracking is investigated in this paper. The optimization results of technological parameters (shale concentration, temperature, and duration) are presented and the material balance (mass.%) of the process is made. It was found that during single-stage processing under relatively mild conditions (5 MPa, 425C, feed space velocity of 1.0 h-1), a deep destruction of tar is achieved (the yield of the gasoline fraction from boiling point to 200C is ~12 wt.%; medium distillates with boil. point 200370C-43-44 mass.%; raw materials for thermal cracking with boil. point above 370C ~15-16 wt.% on per the original tar). The generating coke-like products and the V and Ni contained in the raw materials are deposited on the mineral part of the shale and removed from the reaction zone with the liquid products of the process.

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The New Methods of Deep Processing of Oil Residues in Conjunction with Shales

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.103 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1079-1080 ◽

pp. 103-109

Author(s):

Zh.K. Kairbekov ◽

A.S. Maloletnev ◽

V.S. Yemelyanova ◽

Zh.K. Myltykbaeva ◽

B.B. Baizhomartov

Keyword(s):

Oil Shale ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Deep Processing ◽

New Methods ◽

Motor Fuels ◽

New Process ◽

Liquid Products ◽

Tar Oil ◽

Middle Distillates

The results of studies on the development of a new process of thermal cracking of tar oil as a slurry with crushed oil shale to obtain components of motor fuels. The results suggest doubtless advantages of the process before the industrial of thermo cracking, since the single-stage processing of raw materials in relatively in the mild conditions (5 MPa, 425 °C, volumetric feed rate 1.0 h-1) is achieved deep destruction of tar oil (the yield petrol fraction with a bp amounts to up to 180 °C – ~12 mass % of middle distillates with a bp 180-360 °C – 43-44 mass %, of raw material for catalytic cracking of a bp 360-520 °C – ~15-16 %, based on the initial tar oil). Formed like coke products and raw materials contained in V and Ni is postponed on the mineral part of slate and removed from the reaction zone with the liquid products of the process.

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Experimental Research on Producing Shale Oil through Thermal Cracking of Small-Particle Oil Shale

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.839 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 652-654 ◽

pp. 839-843

Author(s):

Zhi Yang Yuan

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Small Particle ◽

Oil Shale ◽

Orthogonal Experiment ◽

Thermal Cracking ◽

Shale Oil ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Oil Productivity ◽

Experimental Researches

Aiming at utilization status of China’s small particle oil shale, in the condition of laboratory, self-developed instrument of fluidized bed thermal cracking is used to conduct experimental researches on producing shale oil through thermal cracking of small-particle oil Shale. Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimal technological parameters on producing shale oil through thermal cracking are optimized. The experimental results have shown us that under the optimal technological conditions, oil productivity is at about 5%. Therefore, the technology of fluidized bed thermal cracking is an effective new method for producing oil through small-particle oil shale.

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Catalytic processing of distillate fractions of a resin in the presence of finely dispersed catalysts

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202134001036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 340 ◽

pp. 01036

Author(s):

Nazym Smagulova ◽

Zhaxyntay Kairbekov ◽

Nurlan Ussenov

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Small Particles ◽

Dispersed Catalysts ◽

Potential Source ◽

Motor Fuels ◽

Oil Residue ◽

Catalytic Processing ◽

Distillate Fractions ◽

Heavy Oil Residue

The article describes the catalytic cracking of heavy oil residue in the presence of a finely dispersed catalyst. It was determined that in the processing of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, catalysts are effective, which are uniformly distributed in the volume of raw materials and are introduced into the technological process in the form of small particles. Coke tar mainly consists of 27.00 wt.% asphaltenes, 60.00 wt.% of polyaromatic hydrocarbons that have been studied and identified as a potential source of raw materials to produce motor fuels in the future.

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Investigation of the activity catalytic system of the Pr/NH4(ZSM) in the conversion of n-hexane

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-57-1-57 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 57-61

Author(s):

Vladimir A. Silaev ◽

◽

Elshad Afsar ogly Gadirov ◽

Maxim O. Taraskin ◽

Nina I. Komarova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic System ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

Environmental Standards ◽

Oil Reserves ◽

Motor Fuels ◽

Liquid Products ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

High Octane

Due to the rapid growth of consumption of high-quality, environmentally friendly motor fuels and the exhaustion of oil reserves, the modernization of existing technologies and processes for the production of high-octane gasoline remains relevant. One of these processes, which allows to obtain fuels that meet environmental standards, is the process of catalytic reforming. This work is devoted to the study of the activity of the pure carrier – NH4(ZSM) and the catalytic system Pr/NH4(ZSM) (the amount of praseodymium is 0.7% wt.) prepared by the impregnation method based on pure zeolite NH4(ZSM) (n-hexane transformation). The analysis of the obtained conversion products was performed by gas-liquid chromatography. The activity of the catalyst was evaluated according to parameters such as the degree of conversion of raw materials, the selectivity of the formation of products. On the basis of experimental data, it was shown that when n-hexane is converted on a catalyst in an air flow, high-octane components of the fuel can be obtained. As a result of systematic studies of pure NH4(ZSM), it was shown that with an increase in temperature, the conversion of n-hexane to 99.6% at a temperature of 500 ºС increases. The introduction of praseodymium into the catalyst leads to a redistribution of the number of acid and metal reaction centers, which is accompanied by a maximum conversion rate of 99.5% at a temperature of 350 ºС, an increase in the proportion of aromatic and gaseous compounds in the conversion products. As a result of the conversion of n-hexane on the two systems, valuable gaseous and liquid products were obtained. All liquid products obtained at different temperatures have large octane number values, which is explained by the high content of isomer products at low temperatures of the experiment and aromatic products at high temperatures of the experiment.

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A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

Ferrous Metallurgy Bulletin of Scientific Technical and Economic Information ◽

10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-709-715 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (7) ◽

pp. 709-715

Author(s):

O. Yu. Kichigina

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Selective Extraction ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Nickel Iron ◽

Nickel Recovery ◽

Nickel Concentrate ◽

Steel Alloying ◽

High Degree ◽

Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

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Influence of technological parameters of the Volga oil shale on the efficiency of heat release during combustion

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/808/1/012029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 808 (1) ◽

pp. 012029

Author(s):

A A Eskin ◽

E A Korolev ◽

E R Barieva ◽

A E Korolev ◽

I A Khuzin

Keyword(s):

Heat Release ◽

Oil Shale ◽

Technological Parameters

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Comparison of Moving-Bed Catalytic Tar Hydrocracking Processes

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9030500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 500

Author(s):

Vladimir Kapustin ◽

Elena Chernysheva ◽

Roman Khakimov

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Process Management ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Hydrocarbon Potential ◽

Vacuum Residue ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Major Process ◽

Liquid Products

In recent years, there has been a trend in the global oil industry to improve the proportion of heavy high-sulfur crude oils in the total volume of extracted and processed resources, reserves of which are estimated at over 800 billion metric tons. Therefore, the main line of oil refining is processing of heavy crudes and residua to allow maximum use of the hydrocarbon potential and yield of high-margin products. Hydrogenation processes of heavy raw materials are most attractive in terms of product quality. This article analyzes tar hydrocracking processes that are either in operation or at the stage of full-scale testing. These include Veba Combi-Cracker (VCC), Uniflex, suspended-bed catalyst hydrocracking (ENI), and vacuum residue hydroconversion (TIPS RAS). These technologies use heterogeneous catalysts and are designed to obtain the largest possible amount of liquid products. This article discusses the features of each technology, highlights their advantages and disadvantages, shows the main approaches to process management, and speculates about the development of these technologies. Tar refining is a major process in heavy oil upgrading, and the development of efficient tar-processing methods will influence refinery configurations and management.

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DETERMINATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CULINARY PRODUCTS PRODUCTION USING MIXTURES AND EMULSIONS FOR ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Topical issues of processing of meat and milk raw materials ◽

10.47612/2220-8755-2019-14-189-198 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 189-198

Author(s):

A. Meliaschenya ◽

I. Kaltovich ◽

G. Pinchuk

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chicken ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Additive Technologies ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Optimal Length ◽

Layer Width ◽

Degree Of Hydration ◽

Rational Sequence

The article presents the results of research on the determination of rational technological parameters for the production of culinary products using dry mixtures and emulsions based on animal raw materials for additive technologies. It was found that when making products using mixtures and emulsions based on broiler chicken meat, as well as a combination of broiler chicken meat and pork, pork and beef (ratio 1:1) rational height of the layer, which makes it possible to ensure stability and safety of the product shape (with a fixed diameter of the opening of the culinary syringe – 7 mm and the optimal length of the layer - 100 mm), is from 14–21 mm (with a layer width of 7 mm) and up to 133–154 mm (with a layer width of 98 mm), which allows for improved structural and mechanical (SSL – 1090.7–1099.9 Pa) and functional and technological indicators of these products (WHC – 92.7–97.5%). The rational sequence of application and the duration of chopping of the main and auxiliary raw materials for the manufacture of emulsions, the duration of preparation (3 minutes), the degree of hydration (1:2 – 1:3) and the temperature of water for the reduction of dry mixtures (60±1° C) were established, which made it possible to develop technological schemes for the production of culinary products using additive technologies.

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RATIONAL PROCESS PARAMETERS OF CHOPPED SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS PRODUCTION USING EMULSIONS FROM COLLAGENCONTAINING RAW MATERIALS

Topical issues of processing of meat and milk raw materials ◽

10.47612/2220-8755-2019-14-199-213 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 199-213

Author(s):

I. Kaltovich

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Steam Treatment ◽

Point System ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Genus Lactobacillus ◽

Rational Process

The article presents the results of research on the determination of rational technological parameters for the production of chopped semi-products using emulsions from collagen-containing raw materials fermented by bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus. Water dosages are installed in the composition of chopped semi-finished products: 12% – with emulsions from pork skin and tails and 11% - with emulsion from connective tissue. Duration of ingredients mixing (5 minutes), sequence of raw materials laying during manufacture of articles, as well as duration of heat treatment of chopped semiproducts is determined: 25 minutes – during steaming (t = 95–100 °С), 20 minutes – during baking (t = 180 °C), 15 minutes – during frying (t = 110 °C), while recommended methods of bringing semifinished products to culinary readiness are steam treatment and baking, which allow for improved functional and technological (TUS – 79.3-81.8%, weight loss during heat treatment – 5.1–7.9%), structural and mechanical (PNS - 1413.9–1470.4 Pa) and organoleptic indicators (juiciness, appearance, consistency, taste, smell) of these products (9 points according to the 9-point system).

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