Impact of planning horizon on water distribution network design

The continuous expansion of Water Distribution Network (WDN) makes its design a dynamic process performed within many planning horizons. An appropriate planning horizon is important to save costs and avoid over-design. Typically, a master plan is practiced around every 20 years. The complexity of WDN and computational demands have prevented a full network study of the impact of planning horizon on system cost and efficiency. In this paper, a dynamic network model was employed to simulate the growth of WDN under different growth patterns (exponential and linear) and planning horizons to explore the optimum planning horizon under different interest rates. It is found that the choice of the optimum (i.e. least costly) planning horizon is sensitive to the interest rate. For both growth patterns, a shorter planning horizon is favored with higher annual interest rates while a longer planning horizon is favored with lower rates. With the same interest rate, exponential growth pattern generally favors a shorter planning horizon than linear growth pattern due to more excess capacity provided at the beginning of the study period. The optimum planning horizon is longer than 20 years when interest rate is lower than 3.0% for linear growth or 2.0% for exponential growth.

Predictability of temperature and pressure for issuing aircraft take-off forecast over Madras airport

Forecasting surface temperature and pressure to a reasonable degree of accuracy atleast 3 hours ahead of the scheduled departure of an aircraft helps the aircrew to make the optimum planning for the payload and cargo load. The method of generalised Adaptive Filter (AF) algorithm as suggested by Makridakis and Wheelright (1978) has been used to forecast temperature and pressure over Madras airport and the forecast efficiency is compared with that obtained through method of persistency, auto regressive processes and other statistical techniques. The dimensions of attractors of the phase space trajectories of these variables have been estimated using the Grassberger and Procaccia (1983) algorithm of correlation fractal dimension with a view to find out the predictability of these variables and the minimum and maximum number of parameters needed for modelling these variables.

Flexibility Versus Certainty in Planning: A Critical Review of Cross-Boundary Spatial Planning Systems and Practices

This research has critically argued that a vigilant combination of flexibility and certainty in spatial planning can bring about the most optimum planning outcomes. Therefore, to reproachfully evaluate the core argument, this research has tried to empirically respond to the research question of which balance of government intervention and market freedom produces the optimal economic, social and spatial outcomes. This research question has been further translated into an associated central hypothesis i.e., a hybrid planning system with an optimal balance between discretionary and regulatory planning approach can bring about the desired economic, social, and spatial outcomes.

GIS Based Route Network Analysis for Tourist Places : A Case Study Of Greater Imphal

Greater Imphal area, located in the central part of Manipur that classified as a valley area. Greater Imphal area has the potential as a new tourism attraction within its Greater Imphal. ArcGIS network analysis provides to build the most efficient travel route, generating travel directions, locating the closest facility and defining service area based on travel time and distance covered which will help an opportunity in development of tourism. Using GIS technology it is possible to visit different tourist sites effectively with a deliberate decision. The present study aims to explore the GIS based network analysis in defining the optimal route and services such as hospital, shopping centre, market areas and universities that located in Greater Imphal area for the tourist destination. Route analysis capabilities of GIS are done on the basis of estimate travelling time and distance in terms of time through a network. It is shown that using GIS in routing help a powerful ability for network analysis, management of shortest and closest facility analysis which benefits users to provide optimum planning for tourism.

Optimum planning use of equipment in agriculture

Purpose: to reduce operating costs when performing agricultural mechanized work.Design/methodology/approach: The development of the desired economic and mathematical model of the optimal MTA distribution by type of work is based on the above condition it is necessary to plan the work of not tractor brands indicating their number, but each tractor individually.Findings: It is known that the availability of equipment varies during the season, so it was studied in dynamics. In this regard, to solve this problem, neural-network simulation was first used. As a result of the search, a network of the type of radial basis function was obtained that best describes these dependenciesResearch limitations/implications: the authors developed a fundamentally new mathematical model for optimizing the use of technology, which, unlike existing ones, allows to:- plan the operation of each tractor individually;- designate the so-called “mandatory tractors”, that is, those that the user, at his discretion, would like to assign to a particular operation or vice versa, would like the tractor operator not to work on this operation.Originality/value: Thus, the scientific novelty of the work performed are:- a technique for operational planning of work and increasing the efficiency of using the MTA, taking into account the technical condition of the tractors, the specific conditions for their functioning and the work experience of the machine operator.- a mathematical model for solving the problem of the optimal distribution of MTA by type of work and the mathematical apparatus for its implementation;- a technique for adjusting the performance of the MTA, taking into account the experience of the tractor driver, the service life and technical readiness of the tractor.

Optimization and Techno-Economic Analysis of PV-Wind Power Systems for Rural Location in India.

One downside to Green Energy is that it cannot be estimated. Therefore, determining the optimum planning and perfect working strategies for the resources to be included in the hybrid system is very important. HOMER software has been used in this research paper to solve the case study of the hybrid renewable energy system. Due to its extensive analytical capabilities and advanced prediction capabilities based on the sensitivity of variables, HOMER is one of the most used software for optimal planning purposes. A case study for the sizing of a renewable energy-based hybrid system is solved in this article, using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software. Photovoltaic panels (PV panels), wind turbines (WT), batteries, converters, electric charge and grid are used in case study. The results of the simulation are presented in graphical form and tabulated for better system visualization. The design of a system to supply 6.8 KWh/d whereas the peak is 1.04 KW electric loads has been performed using HOMER software. In order to allow the user to choose the most suitable option, a comparative analysis has made, showing the pros and cons of cases. Optimum construction conditions help to lower operating costs.

Optimization of economic and environmental factors of the logistic system of enterprise management

The purpose of the study is to develop an economic-mathematical model of the socio-economic system, which takes into account its logistical structure and ecological viability. This allows for optimal budget planning for the new project. The methodology of the study is based on the method of J. Forster, who proposed to consider the logistics system of any enterprise as a system of reservoirs linked by material, financial and information flows. The main result of the study is as follows. The methodology is designed and developed a mathematical program that allows estimating the relative value of fixed assets of production and the number of costs for creating a retail network with the impact of the environmental components. It is shown that this ratio is determined by the value of all key parameters of the enterprise logistics system. This result was obtained through careful modeling of structural changes in the logistics system of the enterprise. All basic communications (flows) between the elements of the logistics system were also considered. Calculations were conducted for the system of the equations which have been written down in shape with discrete-time. At the same time modeling was carried out so that there were no “not physical” phenomena (such as overflow of warehouses, etc.). As a result of calculations, optimum values for all basic characteristics of the new project have been specified. The most actual has separately been considered for practice as a case of optimum planning of storage facilities. The practical importance of research consists that scientific representations about interrelation of the capacity of the enterprise with key parameters of the logistic system can form a basis for more effective planning and management budgetary and production processes at the enterprise, namely: it is more reasonable to plan scales of production and expenses on logistics creation.