Operating Speed Prediction Models for Tangent Segments: A Brief Review

This paper provides a review of studies aimed at developing operating speed prediction models for road tangent sections. The review included many studies, conducted in different geographical areas of the world, in terms of road classification, types of vehicles, techniques and devices used in data collection, number of study sites, the principle adopted in extracting the free-flow speed, as well as the topography that the road path passes through and grads of the studied sections. Moreover, this review mentioned the analysis methods adopted in the modeling, and included the model formulas that the researchers have reached in their studies, as it showed all the geometric elements and traffic characteristics that appeared in the models as independent variables. The author has avoided critiquing or evaluating the methodologies of the reviewed research and accordingly this paper has been prepared for documentation only. The author aims primarily to save the effort and time of graduate students and researchers interested in modeling the operating speed on straight segments, as all data and information are arranged in tables and coordinated for this purpose. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091784 Full Text: PDF

Diversity of Angiosperms in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

The current communication provides up-to-date information on the diversity of angiosperm plants in Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh. A total of 369 species and 2 varieties recorded as wild or naturalized in the study area have been enumerated following APG IV system. These species are distributed in 265 genera and 82 families. Of total, 69 families, 208 genera and 288 species belong to dicotyledons and 13 families, 57 genera and 83 species belong to monocotyledons. Information on family, habit, collection number and IUCN status has been provided herewith.

Catalogue of the types of Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) destroyed in the fire of 2.IX.2018, at the National Museum of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ), BRAZIL

A catalogue of type specimens of Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) destroyed in the fire of 2.IX.2018 at the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ) is presented. 20 holotypes and six paratypes, included in four families of Psocoptera (Cladiopsocidae Smithers, 1972; Dolabellopsocidae Eertmoed, 1973; Epipsocidae Pearman, 1936 and Ptiloneuridae Roesler, 1940), all described by New (1972) and deposited in the MNRJ were destroyed during the fire. The taxa are presented alphabetically by suborders, infraorders, families, and genera, followed by species (updated to the valid name), bibliographic citation, type category, description of the type condition with collection number and method of preservation. When necessary, comments are added.

Virtual Systematics with Annotate: The Mexican archaeocyaths example

Digitization and online publishing of museum specimen data are happening worldwide. Studies based solely on online data become increasingly accessible. The current events, for example, reducing our transport-related carbon footprint or the COVID-19 pandemic, provide key opportunities to highlight the full value of digitized collections and their related tools, which allow us to continue our research from home or at least without travelling. Are existing data resources and tools adequate for engaging in a research project from beginning to end? To address this issue, we propose to use the Mexican archaeocyaths digitized collection from the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN) and the freeware Annotate in order to describe and identify all the archaeocyaths from the Mexican Cambrian reef. Archaeocyaths are aspiculate sponges that lived during the Cambrian Period. They were the first animals to build reefs. In the MNHN collection, they are found as thin-sections with several archaeocyaths per thin-section (Fig. 1). Multiple individuals are grouped under a single collection number and a single species name. The list of species in the thin-section is only captured on the paper label, and cannot currently be found online. To study an archaeocyaths' reef, the archaeocyaths have to be described and identified one by one, and the location of each specimen has to be accuratly captured. Is it possible to do this with Annotate? Can a palaeontologist use only digitized specimens and Annotate to study a complete fauna of a given time and space? Annotate is an image annotation tool for the natural sciences. It allows users to measure, count, and tag all the morphological structures of an organism. Photos may be imported from the Recolnat database or users may import their own photos. Users can measure lengths, surfaces, and angles, count occurrences and add points of interest. Users can also tag the different individuals to identify them. Morphological terms may be imported as a standardized list from Xper2 or Xper3. Xper3 is a web platform that manages descriptive data and provides interactive identification keys. The results of the measurements and annotations can be exported into CSV format (comma-separated values) or into a structured descriptive data (SDD) format. To identify an archaeocyath to genus level, we need to identify morphological structures and count the occurrence of some of them, and for an identification to the species level, we need to measure different additional parts. The standardized list of morphological terms has been imported from the archaeocyaths genera knowledge base and the list of measurements has been created directly in Annotate. Lengths (e.g., pore size, cup diameter), counts (e.g., number of septae, number of pores) and points of interest (e.g., tumuli, canals, septa) are easy to use. What are the key lessons learnt to remember at the end of this study? The digitized archaeocyaths from Mexico have been identified as easily with Annotate as if a microscope and thin sections were used. The CSV export provided quick access to statistics calculations. The main difference between a microscope and Annotate is the working time. Some functionalities of Annotate are not optimized, their uses are time consuming. For instance, the importation of photos is not really appropriate for archaeocyaths studies. Two sections (transversal and longitudinal) per specimen are necessary to see all the morphological structures. These two parts of the same rock are packed together with one collection number. While users can easily switch from one section to another with a microscope, they can not with Annotate. Annotate allows only one photo per collection number from Recolnat, but not images of the two sections and their metadata. The main difference between a microscope and Annotate is the working time. Some functionalities of Annotate are not optimized, their uses are time consuming. For instance, the importation of photos is not really appropriate for archaeocyaths studies. Two sections (transversal and longitudinal) per specimen are necessary to see all the morphological structures. These two parts of the same rock are packed together with one collection number. While users can easily switch from one section to another with a microscope, they can not with Annotate. Annotate allows only one photo per collection number from Recolnat, but not images of the two sections and their metadata. Although Annotate is not an intuitive tool to use it is still very powerful however, some training is required to fully take advantage of it, and there is no documentation available. This freeware has great potential as it can assist researchers in their work and proposes an alternative to the need to travel around the world to study a fossil.

A BIOGRAPHY OF G. ARGENT

A biographic summary of the research of Dr Graham Charles George Argent (born 15 May 1941, died 24 April 2019) is presented, summarising his research career. Expedition information, including dates, collection number series and the names of collaborators, is given, as is a list of his publications, annotated with taxonomic decisions and the names of new species described within them.

Lectotypification of the name Carex delavayi (Cyperaceae)

We found that the original material of Carex delavayi Franch., a set of specimens that shares the same collector (Delavay) and collection number (1739), represents at least three different gatherings. According to the Shenzhen Code of ICN these specimens are to be considered syntypes. We perform the pertinent lectotypification on the specimen with the herbarium barcode P00281352 in P, collected from Nienkaise near Ta pin tze on 22 August 1885.

Penyakit Lelaki: Kajian Berdasarkan Kitab-Kitab Tib Melayu Terpilih

One of the most well-known diseases in any of the scriptures is that of men. It can be said that there is no book on this issue that does not address the problem of this type of disease as most traditional practitioners are male. Therefore, men's disease is a priority and an important part of most Kitab Tib. In this paper we will discuss various men's diseases that are found in most tib books as well as the treatment methods and prohibitions that a patient should follow. In this study several books of tib are used, including the Tibetan Collection of the University of Malaya with MSS254 and MSS172, the National Library of Malaysia collection number MSS2219. Two books from Pontianak and also from Odor, Buton are also used in this research data. The selection of these manuscripts is a comparison to look at the similarities and differences between traditional medicine practitioners in dealing with men's disease. An analysis of the names of the diseases, the methods of treatment used and also the taboos found in these books of tib will be described in this paper. --- Abstrak: Salah satu daripada keuzuran atau penyakit yang popular dan banyak terdapat dalam mana-mana kitab tib ialah penyakit golongan lelaki. Boleh dikatakan tidak ada kitab tib yang tidak menyentuh masalah penyakit golongan ini memandangkan kebanyakan pengamal perubatan tradisional merupakan golongan lelaki. Oleh yang demikian, penyakit golongan lelaki menjadi keutamaan dan perkara penting dalam kebanyakan kitab-kitab tib.Dalam makalah ini akan dibincangkan pelbagai penyakit golongan lelaki yang terdapat dalam kebanyakan kitab tib dan juga kaedah rawatan serta pantang larang yang perlu dipatuhi oleh seseorang pesakit itu. Dalam kajian yang dilakukan beberapa buah kitab tib digunakan, antaranya Kitab Tib Koleksi Universiti Malaya dengan nombor MSS254 dan MSS172, kitab tib koleksi Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia dengan nombor MSS2219. Dua buah kitab tib dari Pontianak dan juga dari Bau-bau, Buton juga digunakan dalam data kajian ini. Pemilihan naskah-naskah ini adalah sebagai perbandingan untuk melihat persamaan dan juga perbezaan pengamal perubatan tradisional dalam menangani masalah penyakit golongan lelaki. Analisis dari segi nama-nama penyakit, kaedah rawatan yang digunakan dan juga pantang larang yang terdapat dalam kitab-kitab tib ini akan dihuraikan dalam makalah ini.

Checklist of ascomycetous microfungi of the Nuratau Nature Reserve (Uzbekistan)

A checklist of ascomycetous microfungi of the Nuratau Nature Reserve (Nuratau Mountains, Uzbekistan) was compiled for the first time as a result of field research conducted in 2009–2017. In total, 197 species, 3 varieties and 51 forms of micromycetes belonging to 66 genera and 30 families have been identified. Among them 19 species (Asteromella tanaceti, Camarosporium achilleae, Diplocarpon alpestre, Diplodia celtidis, Hendersonia ephedrae, Mycosphaerella artemisiae, Neopseudocercosporella capsellae, Phoma hedysari, P. mororum, Phyllosticta prostrata, P. silenes, P. trifolii, Ramularia trifolii, Rhabdospora eremuri, Selenophoma nebulosa, Septoria cyperi, S. dauci, S. ranunculacearum, S. trifolii) and one form (Erysiphe cichoracearum f. tanaceti) were found for the first time for the mycobiota of Uzbekistan. 30 species of microfungi were recorded on 31 new host plants. The most abundant species are representatives of the cosmopolitan genera Ramularia, Septoria, Erysiphe, Leveillula, Mycosphaerella, Phoma, Cytospora, Sphaerotheca, Phyllosticta and Marssonina. The annotated checklist includes data on host plant, location, date and collection number of every species.

Catalogue of Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) types housed in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo

A catalogue of type specimens of Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) deposited in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, is presented and updated to February, 2019. 45 holotypes and 47 paratypes of 52 species were found, included in the suborders Psocomorpha and Trogiomorpha, and listed in the families Amphipsocidae, Asiopsocidae, Caeciliusidae (infraorder Caeciliusetae); Lachesillidae and Pseudocaeciliidae (infraorder Homilopsocidea); Philotarsidae (infraorder Philotarsetaea) Hemipsocidae, Myopsocidae and Psocidae (infraorder Psocetae); Ptiloneuridae (infraorder Epipsocetae), and Lepidopsocidae (infraorder Atropetae). The taxa are presented alphabetically by suborders, infraorders, families, subfamilies, tribes and genera, followed by species (updated to the valid name), bibliographic citation, type category, description of the type condition with collection number and method of preservation. When necessary, comments are added.