The interdependence of hydrochemical and hydrodynamic processes in evaporite oil and gas basins

The article examines the reasons for the formation of vertical hydrochemical inversion within particular oil and gas basins and points out the role of waters of different genesis in the development of this phenomenon. The following processes of reverse hydrochemical zoning in the sedimentary cover are analyzed: thickening of heavy clay strata and the related squeezing of loosely bound waters, dehydration of clay minerals and catagenic fluid generation accompanying the transformation of organic matter into hydrocarbons of the petroleum series. The hydrochemical inversion at great depths is noted to occur and persist in the environment of the passive hydrodynamic regime; in closed water-drive systems, the demineralization of waters with depth causes the decrease in the hydrodynamic potential gradient, determining the migration pattern not only of water but also of hydrocarbons and, consequently, the location of oil and gas accumulation zones.

NEW SOLUTION TO THE DROPLET KERNEL MODEL

The droplet model of the nucleus is revived, for which an exact solution for an incompressible fluid is obtained using the hydrodynamic potential solution obtained from the Schrödinger equation. Moreover, for an incompressible fluid, there are formulas for the pressure or potential. There is the main part of the hydrodynamic potential, which is obtained by replacing the modulus of the inverse difference of vectors by the difference in moduli of the values of the vectors. The bulk of the potential is expressed in a finite formula with singularities. A formula is obtained for the integral containing the modulus of the difference between the exact values of the vectors minus the main part of the potential. This difference defines a continuous correction with the features taken into account. The main part of the potential at the boundary of the nucleus turned out to be infinitely large with an imaginary part, locking particles in the nucleus. In this case, the real part of the main potential decreases with decreasing radius, becomes negative, and determines the bound state. At half the radius of the nucleus, there is a linear term along the radius. At the zero radius, there is an infinite negative potential with an imaginary part. An expression for the quantum of the emitted energy is obtained. Note that the added mass was not used due to the rotational regime of the nucleus. An algorithm for calculating the spectrum of the kernel is proposed, and each state of the action of the kernel sn corresponds to n calculated frequencies, determined by n angles in the configuration space. The main space is n + 1 dimensional, and each dimension of space has its own energy. But without special means, the potential of the nucleus tends to infinity. It is necessary to introduce the imaginary degree of roughness of the corners, in expressions containing singularities, then the infinities disappear.

Application of Hydrodynamic Potential Analysis to Investigate Possibility Reservoir Connectivity between Neighboring Gas Fields

<em>T field is a producting gas field in North Bali PSC, which currently producing 210 mmscfd from paciran sand stone formation. Paciran formation extends more than 20 km across the PSC area, which consists of 3 developed gas fields and one potential development field. The flowing material balance analysis conducted on T field suggests possibility of reservoir connectivty between this field and its neighboring fields. Even though each field is already have a well defined Gas Water Contact, a thorough investigation was done using hyrdodynamic potential analysis to see if theres any hydrodynamic potential that allowed connectivity between these fields, and enable tilted contact occurred between these field. Using pressure data taken from each fields exploration wells the analysis can be conducted that conclude that there is an existing hydrodynamic potential between gas fields in paciran formation. A review on the tilted contact analysis concludes that the existing hydrodynamic potential is not enough to tilt the contact as per actually observed contact</em>.

Study of Wave Added Resistance on Wigley Ship

Global warming is becoming a serious problem nowadays. The emissions of greenhouse gas from vessels draw great attentions. As a significant research part of vessel seakeeping performance, resistance capability exert pretty effect on energy consuming. A Wigley ship model is set as the object to compute constraint and free model in calm water and head waves on resistance and hydrodynamic potential coefficients by STAR-CCM. Differences are discussed between both models. Effects on calculation of hydrostatic resistance ignoring trim and heave are revealed .Wave added resistance of free model is computed and compared at different amplitudes and wavelengths. How trim and heave matter the computed results are discussed. So does how wavelength and amplitudes influence total resistance is considered.

Optimal shape design of a floating body for minimal water wave forces

Water waves are the most significant excitation source for floating vessels. The motion of floating vessels needs to be stable against a random water wave environment. In this study, the authors try to find an optimal shape for a floating body that gives minimal water wave excitation forces for a given water wave over a predefined frequency band. First, we propose a shape optimization formulation with a displacement constraint of which the objective function is to minimize water–structure interaction forces. For the calculation of water wave forces, high-order boundary-element analysis software is developed under an assumption of linear hydrodynamic potential theory. The analysis software is plugged into an optimization toolbox in MATLAB software in order to find the optimum under-water shape of the floating body. Two numerical examples are introduced to show the validity of the proposed optimization formulation: hemisphere and pontoon problems. Various shapes that give minimal heave and/or surge water-excitation forces are sought.

DINÂMICA DA ZONA DE RASA DE SHOALING E O TRANSPORTE DE SEDIMENTOS NA DESEMBOCADURA SUL DO COMPLEXO ESTUARINO DE PARANAGUÁ – PR

O presente trabalho caracteriza os parâmetros de ondas e analisa o potencial hidrodinâmico para o transporte de sedimentos por tração e de material particulado em suspensão, na costa adjacente à desembocadura sul do complexo estuarino de Paranaguá em decorrência do regime de ondas e das correntes de marés atuantes em períodos de mar calmo. A área estudada apresenta uma dinâmica complexa, devido à sua localização na saída de um grande estuário em uma costa com energia de onda relativamente elevada. Os objetivos principais foram os de caracterizar os parâmetros de ondas, avaliar o padrão de correntes junto à costa e estimar o potencial das correntes para o transporte de sedimentos. A caracterização dos parâmetros de ondas e das correntes paralelas à costa foi obtida através de correntômetro/ondômetro direcional eletromagnético InterOcean S4, fundeado imediatamente atrás da arrebentação das ondas na praia do Balneário Atami. Os fundeios foram realizados em períodos de baixa energia de ondas, quando era possível a sua instalação, sendo que os resultados são referentes a tais condições. Os resultados apontaram que a direção preferencial de chegada de ondas é de SE, sendo que a direção predominante de transporte médio longitudinal à costa foi de nordeste para sudoeste. As inversões das correntes associadas às variações da maré indicaram uma efetiva influência destas na direção do transporte. Com base nos resultados obtidos, são apresentadas sugestões visando incentivar a implementação de estratégias de monitoramento do fluxo de sedimentos costeiro. SHALLOW SHOALING ZONE DYNAMICS AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN THE PARANAGUÁ BAY OUTLET Abstract This work presents a characterization of wave parameters and climate. It analyzes the hydrodynamic potential for sediments transport by traction as well by suspension (suspended particulate matter - SPM), carried out both by coastal currents, waves and the tidal circulation acting in the adjacent coast of the southern outlet of Paranaguá Estuarine Complex. This area presents a complex dynamics, due to its location, morphology and the interaction of several coastal processes acting among its limits. The main goal was to characterize the wave parameters and climate, to identify the coastal currents, and to understand the roles of these currents for the sediments transport, quantifying its magnitude. The characterization of the wave parameters and of the coastal currents was obtained through mooring a directional wave and current gauge InterOcean S4 immediately seaward of the surf of Atami beach, PR. The moorings were accomplished in periods of low wave energy, the only ones allowing the deployment, and the results are regarding such conditions. The results suggested that the preferential direction of wave propagation is SE and the predominant direction of the mean transport, longitudinal to the coast, was from Northeast to Southwest. The inversion of the longitudinal currents was associated to the tidal changes and they indicated an effective influence of the tidal currents, acting in the southern outlet of the Paranaguá estuary, in the direction of the mean mass transport. The hydrodynamic complexity of the place was directly related to these constraints, being linked to the net balance of the forcing of the tidal currents and the waves incidence. According to the obtained results, some suggestions were presented with the objective of suggesting strategies for the waves, currents and coastal transport studies, as a powerful tool for managing coastal zone problems.