MODELLING OF THE ROUTE NETWORK FOR PERISHABLE CARGO DELIVERY IN THE REGIONAL TRAFFIC ON THE BASIS OF PETRI NETS

The article is devoted to the features of the organization and technology of delivery of perishable goods in small batches by road in regional traffic. It has been established that when planning this type of cargo delivery, it becomes necessary to determine such routes bypassing specified points, at which the time of delivery of perishable goods to points of sale will be minimal. Thus, as a criterion that determines the rationality of building a route network for the delivery of perishable goods in regional traffic, has been defined the time of cargo’s delivery in small batches in regional traffic. The route network for the delivery of perishable goods with a minimum delivery time is considered rational. To analyze the execution time of each delivery phase and take into account the time and quantitative parameters that affect the delivery process, the study built a model which is based on the theory of Petri nets. The parameters of the model were established on the basis of the reporting data of the private enterprise "Samoilenko A.I.". The model took into account time parameters and quantitative factors affecting the process of delivery of perishable goods in regional traffic. An experiment was carried out using the developed model. The obtained value of the integral error of the data discrepancy throughout the system allows us to assume that the constructed model adequately reproduces the process of delivery of perishable goods in small batches by road in regional traffic. Taking into account the results of delivery process’ modeling, using the method of a short connecting network, a rational route network was built in the study, which consists of six routes. The effect was determined as a time difference for the delivery system along the network of rational route network and along the existing network, which amounted to 131 minutes.

Kendali Posisi Motor DC Menggunakan Logika Fuzzy Interval Tipe 2

Kendali posisi motor DC sangat diperlukan dalam berbagai sistem dinamik. Karaketristik kekokohan pengendalian menjadi salah satu hal yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam pengendalian posisi motor DC. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengusulkan metode pengendalian posisi motor DC menggunakan kendali Interval Type 2 Fuzzy Logic (IT2FL). Berbeda dengan pengendali logika fuzzy tipe 1, pengendali ini memiliki fungsi keanggotaan dengan Footprint of Uncertainty (FoU) di setiap variabel linguistik. Kelebihan inilah yang menyebabkan kendali logika fuzzy tipe 2 memiliki karakteristik kekokohan terhadap ketidakpastian parameter sistem. Penelitian ini menggunakan simulasi Matlab/Simulink untuk menunjukkan respon pengendalian dengan penambahan sinyal derau dan dua skenario FoU. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pengendali IT2FL menghasilkan performa lebih baik dibandingkan pengendali logika fuzzy tipe 1 dalam mengatasi derau pengukuran. Pada pengendali IT2FL, FoU 0,2 menghasilkan integral error yang lebih kecil dibandingkan FoU 0,1 dengan selisih terkecil sebesar 0,001. Position control of DC motor is indispensable in various dynamic systems. Control robustness characteristics are one of the things that must be considered in controlling the position of a DC motor. This paper aims to propose a DC motor position control method using an Interval Type 2 Fuzzy Logic (IT2FL) controller. Unlike the type 1 fuzzy logic controller, this controller has a membership function with a Footprint of Uncertainty (FoU) in each linguistic variable. The benefits of it cause the type 2 fuzzy logic control to have robust characteristics against the uncertainty of system parameters. This study uses a Matlab / Simulink simulation to show the control response with the addition of a noise signal and two FoU scenarios. The simulation results show that the IT2FL controller produces better performance than the type 1 fuzzy logic controller in overcoming measurement noise. In the IT2FL controller, FoU 0.2 produces an integral error that is smaller than FoU 0.1 with the smallest difference of 0.001.

One-Cycle Zero-Integral-Error Current Control for Shunt Active Power Filters

Current control has, for decades, been one of the more challenging research fields in the development of power converters. Simple and robust nonlinear methods like hysteresis or sigma-delta controllers have been commonly used, while sophisticated linear controllers based on classical control theory have been developed for PWM-based converters. The one-cycle current control technique is a nonlinear technique based on cycle-by-cycle calculation of the ON time of the converter switches for the next switching period. This kind of controller requires accurate measurement of voltages and currents in order achieve a precise current tracking. These techniques have been frequently used in the control of power converters generating low-frequency currents, where the reference varies slowly compared with the switching frequency. Its application is not so common in active power filter current controllers due to the fast variation of the references that demands not only accurate measurements but also high-speed computing. This paper proposes a novel one-cycle digital current controller based on the minimization of the integral error of the current. Its application in a three-leg four-wire shunt active power filter is presented, including a stability analysis considering the switching pattern selection. Furthermore, simulated and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed controller.

Experimental research of radio lens from a gas-filled material

Radio lenses are often used as collimators. It is allow to convert a spherical phase front into a flat one, corresponding to the far zone of the electromagnetic wave source. The paper is dealt with the manufacturing of radio lenses from gas-filled materials. The sequence of actions performing which it is possible to make a radio lens from a gas-filled material is described. The results of experimental studies of a radio lens manufactured with using the proposed technology are presented. Studies are carried out with using an electromagnetic field scanner in the X-band. It is established that the use of a radio lens from a gas-filled material leads to equalization of the antenna aperture phase front. The use of lenses made of gas-filled material improves the shape of the antenna pattern significantly. This is confirmed by the graphs presented in the work and the fact that the use of a radio lens reduces the value of the integral error by approximately two orders of magnitude.

Verified Solution to Optimal Control Problems of Elastic Rod Motion Based on the Ritz Method

To model vibrations in flexible structures, a generalized variational formulation of PDE control problems is considered in the frame of the method of integro-differential relations. This approach allows us to estimate a posteriori the quality of finite-dimensional approximations and, as a result, either to refine or coarsen them if necessary. Such estimates also make it possible to correct the related control signals. The procedures for solving optimization problems in dynamics of linear elasticity have been proposed based on the Ritz method and FEM. An original FEM solver for mechanical systems withvarying distributed parameters is described. The resulting control law is regularized via a quadratic cost functional including the discrepancy of the constitutive equations. The verification of optimized control for elastic rod motion involves local and integral error estimates proposed.

Design of IMC Tuned PID Controller for First Order Process with No Delay

IMC tuned PID controller’s present excellent set point tracking but sluggish disturbance elimination, because of introduction of slow process pole introduced by the conventional filter. In many industrial applications setpoint is seldom changed thus elimination of disturbance is important. The paper presents an improved IMC filter cascaded with Controller PID tuned by internal model principle (IMC-PID) for effective elimination of disturbance and healthy operation of non-regular first order process such as processes with no delay. The suggested filter eliminates the slow dominant pole. The present study shows that the recommended IMC filter produces excellent elimination of disturbance irrespective of where the disturbance enters the process and provides acceptable robust performance to model disparity in provisions of maximum sensitivity in comparison with other methods cited in the literature. The advantages of the suggested technique is shown through the simulation study on process by designing the IMC tuned PID controllers to maintain identical robustness in provisions of maximum sensitivity. The integral error criterion is used to estimate the performance. The recommended filter produces excellent response irrespective of nature of the process.