NILAI EKSPRESIF GRAMATIKA DALAM WACANA KORUPSI DI MEDIA CETAK ‘’FAJAR’’

This research aims to describe the expressive value of grammar in the discourse of corruption in the print media "Fajar" which includes expressive modalities. Expressive modality is a modality that is used to indicate the authority of producing texts with regard to the truth or possible representation of reality. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a critical discourse analysis approach to the Norman Fairclough model. The data source in this study is the discourse on corruption in Fajar's print media, while the data is the expressive modality in the discourse of corruption in the "Fajar" print media. This data was collected using the following techniques: documentation, especially external documentation in the form of news published in the print media "Fajar" from the 1 December 2018 edition to the 28 February 2019 edition which was taken randomly, observed, read, and recorded. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using the critical discourse analysis approach of Norman Fairclough's model by means of description, interpretation, and explanation. From the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the expressive modalities expressed by the text generators in the discourse on corruption in the printed media "Fajar" include: the modalities of truth which are marked by words or modals still, already, and definitely; the modality of desire expressed through modal can, so, will, and wants, and the modality of necessity expressed through modal must have imperative and directive power to move other people to do something in accordance with what the text generator wants.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan tentang nilai ekspresif gramatika dalam wacana korupsi di media cetak “Fajar” yang meliputi modalitas ekspresif. Modalitas ekspresif adalah modalitas yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan autoritas penghasil teks yang berkenaan dengan kebenaran atau kemungkinan representasi realitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis wacana kritis model Norman Fairclough. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu wacana korupsi dalam media cetak Fajar, sedangkan yang menjadi data adalah modalitas ekspresif dalam wacana korupsi dalam media cetak “Fajar”. Data ini dikumpulkan dengan teknik: dokumentasi khususnya dokumentasi eksteren berupa berita-berita yang dimuat dalam media cetak “Fajar” mulai edisi 1 Desember 2018 sampai dengan Edisi 28 Februari 2019 yang diambil secara acak , observasi, baca, dan catat. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis wacana kritis model Norman Fairclough dengan cara deskripsi, interpretasi, dan eksplanasi. Dari hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa modalitas ekspresif yang dinyatakan oleh penghasil teks dalam wacana korupsi di media cetak “Fajar” meliputi: modalitas kebenaran yang ditandai dengan kata atau modal masih, sudah, dan pasti; modalitas keinginan yang dinyatakan melalui modal bisa, agar, akan , dan ingin, dan modalitas keharusan yang dinyatakan melalui modal harus yang memiliki kekuatan imperatif dan direktif untuk menggerakkan orang lain melakukan sesuatu sesuai dengan yang diinginkan penghasil teks.

A critical discourse analysis of English electronic news reports on environmental sustainability

This research aims to discover the discourse features of English electronic news reports (EENRs) on environmental sustainability which are lexical, grammatical and textual features in light of critical discourse analysis (CDA) by Fairclough [3]. A combination of mixed research methods was applied with the qualitative method including a descriptive analysis and the support of the quantitative approach. 69 EENRs on the topic concerned were collected from the UN News website. The study results reveal that words and expressions related to the topic of environmental sustainability, formal words, content words and metaphors are typical lexical features of the discourse. The transitivity, passive and active voices, modes of sentences, relational modality, pronouns, expressive modality and cohesion are also recorded as grammatical features of the discourse.

Recasting the indebted subject in the middle voice

This article traces the interrelation of two forms of debt – financial debt and the symbolic debt to the past – in order to propose a rethinking of the discourse of debt through the ‘middle voice’, understood both as a grammatical category and, more generally, as an expressive modality that can take shape through different media. Can we revisit discourses of debt through ‘grammars’ that could restore a form of agency to the ‘indebted subject’ and disrupt the asymmetrical power relation between debtor and creditor? To explore this question, the article turns to literary and artistic responses to the discourse of debt against the backdrop of the Greek debt crisis. Through a close reading of the novella Close to the Belly (2014) by Sotiris Dimitriou and an untitled art installation by Stefania Strouza (2011), it traces how these works cast the subject as produced by the discourse of debt and test alternative conceptions of the indebted subject through the modality of the middle voice. Dimitriou’s novella tries to transcend both the moral discourse of financial debt and the debt to the past by envisioning a disengagement from all debt, which eventually yields a society without past and future. By contrast, Strouza’s installation reconfigures the debtor-creditor relation without renouncing debt altogether. By staging an encounter between Sophocles’ Antigone and Marx’s Capital, it transforms the power relation of debtor and creditor into a deictic exchange that makes these positions malleable and reversible. Through these works, the article explores the conditions for reconsidering the notion of debt through the modality of the middle voice and the risks but also the politically promising possibilities the middle voice opens up for conceiving the indebted subject and the temporality of debt otherwise.

Spanglish in Piña-Rosales' Modern-day “Don Quijote en Manhattan”

This research aims to contribute to our understanding of Spanglish, namely by examining Gerardo Piña Rosales’ short story “Don Quijote en Manhattan” (2006). Through a close analysis of this expressive modality, particularly the use of Spanglish by the character of Sancho in his encounters with the city’s other inhabitants, including tourists, homeless, small-time criminals and police, we are able to gain insight into the reality of modern-day language contact in a truly contemporary setting. The paper is organized as follows. First a brief review of the most recent Spanglish research is offered, then we describe the materials and method used for this study, and finally we propose a classification of Sancho’s Spanglish.

Adolescents’ Lived Experiences of Close Relationships in the Context of Transnational Families: A Qualitative Study From Ecuador

Although transnational migration and its impact on families and society has received considerable attention from scholars, still little is known about its effects on the family members who stay in their home country. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore adolescents’ experiences of close relationships in the context of transnational migration. The study was based on in-depth interviews with male and female adolescents whose parents had migrated. For administration of these interviews, a tool consisting of 15 pieces of wood was developed in order to invite participants to represent family members in an expressive modality that could facilitate discussion and decrease tension provoked by parental migration. Thematic analysis showed that adolescents experienced growing up within tri-generational families whose structure and dynamics allow for a sense of stability. In these families, adolescents experience meaningful relationships that are important sources of support to cope with the delicate emotional situation inherent in transnational families. However, the present study also revealed that adolescents experience the relationship with their migrant parents as a recurrent source of distress and emotional ambivalence, leading to a potential perspective on the parent-child separation in the context of transnational migration as an experience of an ambiguous loss.

Conceptual Scoring of Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Measures in Simultaneous and Sequential Bilingual Children

Purpose The authors examined the effects of conceptual scoring on the performance of simultaneous and sequential bilinguals on standardized receptive and expressive vocabulary measures in English and Spanish. Method Participants included 40 English-speaking monolingual children, 39 simultaneous Spanish–English bilingual children, and 19 sequential bilingual children, ages 5–7. The children completed standardized receptive and expressive vocabulary measures in English and also in Spanish for those who were bilingual. After the standardized administration, bilingual children were given the opportunity to respond to missed items in their other language to obtain a conceptual score. Results Controlling for group differences in socioeconomic status (SES), both simultaneous and sequential bilingual children scored significantly below monolingual children on single-language measures of English receptive and expressive vocabulary. Conceptual scoring removed the significant difference between monolingual and simultaneous bilingual children in the receptive modality but not in the expressive modality; differences remained between monolingual and sequential bilingual children in both modalities. However, in both bilingual groups, conceptual scoring increased the proportion of children with vocabulary scores within the average range. Conclusion Conceptual scoring does not fully ameliorate the bias inherent in single-language standardized vocabulary measures for bilingual children, but the procedures employed here may assist in ruling out vocabulary deficits, particularly in typically developing simultaneous bilingual children.

Supporting Narrative Retells for People With Aphasia Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Photographs or Line Drawings? Text or No Text?

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine how the interface design of an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device influences the communication behaviors of people with aphasia during a narrative retell task. Method A case-series design was used. Four narratives were created on an AAC device with combinations of personally relevant (PR) photographs, line drawings (LDs), and text for each participant. The narrative retells were analyzed to describe the expressive modality units (EMUs) used, trouble sources experienced, and whether trouble sources were repaired. The researchers also explored the participants' perceived helpfulness of the interface features. Results The participants primarily used spoken EMUs to retell their narratives. They relied on PR photographs more frequently than LDs; however, they reported both picture types to be equally helpful. Text was frequently used and reported as helpful by all 4 people with aphasia. Participants experienced similar rates of trouble sources across conditions; however, they displayed unique trends for successful repairs of trouble sources. Conclusion For narrative retells, LDs may serve as an effective visual support when PR photographs are unavailable. Individual assessment is necessary to determine the optimum combination of supports in AAC systems for people with aphasia.

Lexical development in Mandarin–English bilingual children

Two groups of Mandarin–English bilingual children (3–5-year-olds, 6–8-year-olds) participated in a picture identification task and a picture naming task in both languages. Results revealed age-related growth in English, but not Mandarin vocabulary. Composite vocabulary was larger than either single-language vocabulary in the younger children but was similar to English vocabulary in the older children. Furthermore, children showed a larger receptive–expressive modality difference in their weaker language (Mandarin) than in their stronger language (English). These patterns indicate rapid growth in English vocabulary along with early stabilization of Mandarin vocabulary despite considerable Mandarin input in the home setting.

Pragmatic and Semantic Development in Young Children with Impaired Hearing

The purpose of the study was to characterize the early pragmatic-semantic communicative development of young hearing-impaired children learning spoken English as a first language. Twelve children with impaired hearing, ranging in age from 22 months to 60 months, were videotaped. Approximately 13 hours of videotaped data from four different communicative settings were analyzed. The pragmatic and semantic categories used by these children varied across age groups. Results are discussed with regard to age, expressive modality, mean length of utterance (MLU), and hearing loss. There was much variation among these parameters in communicative development across children.