specimen orientation
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob F.M. van Doremalen ◽  
Kevin B.W. Groot Lipman ◽  
Esther van 't Riet ◽  
Hans Torrenga ◽  
Maria M. Smits ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose: The current breast specimen orientation method after breast-conserving surgery is potentially inaccurate due to deformability and mobility of the extracted breast tissue. This complicates targeted relocation during re-excision or radiation. Therefore, we propose a new 3D-visualization method to communicate the breast specimen orientation to instantly provide an intuitive overview of the resection margins in relation to the surgical clips on the wound bed.Methods: In 15 female patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery, the surgeon labeled the surgical clips on the specimen and the wound bed. During pathologic assessment, after inking, a 3D scan was made of the specimen. Tumor tissue was annotated on the histological image and transposed to the respective location inside the 3D model. The transposed resection margins with respect to the labeled surgical clips were calculated and visualized. Intuitivity of the visualization was tested (face validity) as well as the quality of displayed resection margins and labeled clips.Results: Average face validity score for 3D-visualization was between ‘++’ and ‘+’ for surgeons and between ‘+’ and ‘+/-’ for pathologists. Average difference between computed resection margins and reported histologic margins was 1 mm. In 8 cases not all clips could be labeled in situ. In 5 cases not all labeled clips could be retrieved by pathology. Conclusion: The visualizations appeared valuable in interdisciplinary communications. The displayed resection margins approximated the reported margins. Consistent accurate surgical clip labelling proved challenging.


Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4829
Author(s):  
Mihaela Raluca Condruz ◽  
Gheorghe Matache ◽  
Alexandru Paraschiv ◽  
Tiberius Florian Frigioescu ◽  
Teodor Badea

The present study was focused on the assessment of microstructural anisotropy of IN 625 manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) and its influence on the material’s room temperature tensile properties. Microstructural anisotropy was assessed based on computational and experimental investigations. Tensile specimens were manufactured using four building orientations (along Z, X, Y-axis, and tilted at 45° in the XZ plane) and three different scanning strategies (90°, 67°, and 45°). The simulation of microstructure development in specimens built along the Z-axis, applying all three scanning strategies, showed that the as-built microstructure is strongly textured and is influenced by the scanning strategy. The 45° scanning strategy induced the highest microstructural texture from all scanning strategies used. The monotonic tensile test results highlighted that the material exhibits significant anisotropic properties, depending on both the specimen orientation and the scanning strategy. Regardless of the scanning strategy used, the lowest mechanical performances of IN 625, in terms of strength values, were recorded for specimens built in the vertical position, as compared with all the other orientations.


Author(s):  
И.Г. Важенина ◽  
Р.С. Исхаков ◽  
М.А. Миляев ◽  
Л.И. Наумова ◽  
М.В. Рауцкий

The synthetic antiferromagnet [(Co0.88Fe0.12)/Cu]N which is planar composite with ~ 60 nm thickness was researched by the spin-wave resonance technique in all angles range of the applied constant magnetic field relative to normal to the film surface. Our researches demonstrate that studied multilayer film is magnetic superlattice the microwave spectrums of which demonstrate two different exchange-coupled magnetic systems. Every of these subsystems are showing itself as a series spin-wave modes on measured microwave spectrums. The dependence of magnitude of the propagation linear range of standing spin exchange wave on specimen orientation in applied magnetic field was discovered


Author(s):  
Sebastian Geier ◽  
Thorsten Mahrholz ◽  
Peter Wierach ◽  
Michael Sinapius

Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show an active behavior when they are positioned within an electric field, immersed into an electrolyte and charged. Several explanations are given, ranging from nanoscopic to macroscopic effects. This paper presents experimental proven explanations of the paper actuation and results using continuous CNTs of a CNT-array. For the first test series specimens are cut off a paper manufactured of single-walled, μ-long CNTs working in series. The second test series uses specimens which are prepared of free standing multi-walled CNTs. Their CNT lengths reach macroscopic dimensions of almost 3 mm and they can be considered as connected in parallel. Both series are electromechanically tested. The paper tests reveal their strong condition-dependent microstructure. Generally, the observed effects can be explained by diffusion of ions into the flexible CNT microstructure. In contrast, the CNT-array based specimens show almost no condition dependency which can be explained by the strong carbon bonds. Due to specimen orientation and test set-up, macroscopic effects can be excluded. The found actuation can be attributed to an elongation of the carbon structure as result of ion-interaction. However, it must be assumed that there are further superimposing effects which might not be distinguished from each other down to the last detail.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-667
Author(s):  
Ariella M. Altman ◽  
David D. Nguyen ◽  
Benjamin Johnson ◽  
Schelomo Marmor ◽  
Molly E. Klein ◽  
...  

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Ferro ◽  
Morgan Summerlin

The current natural history specimen databasing paradigm focuses on standardizing occurrence data: where and when a specimen was collected. In order to gather more information about a particular species, researchers also must know how to encounter, and possibly collect, the species. For entomological specimens, collection method terminology written on labels has not been standardized, and perhaps should not be; however, use of a broad-scale collection method framework may aid in communication among researchers especially within the context of public databases. Three main categories of collection methods are proposed: active human collecting; active specimen orientation; and passive specimen collection and/or concentration. General categories contain more specific sub-categories and so on. A bibliography of useful works describing entomological collection and curation methods (e.g., “How to make an insect collection”) is provided.


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