The Asylum Hump: Why Country Income Level Predicts New Asylum Seekers, But Not New Refugees

Refugee response has become an important topic in economic-development policy, but the majority of macro-level analyses do not find an association between country income level and refugee numbers. We argue that the apparent lack of association stems from using the United Nations High Commission for Refugees’ count of refugees as the dependent variable in these analyses. Refugee counts reflect processes that take place in countries of arrival. In contrast, the decision to seek asylum may be more closely linked to conditions, including income, in countries of origin. Drawing on the ‘migration-hump’ concept from economic migration, we model counts of refugees and asylum seekers from conflict-affected countries for the same time period and find that differences in the level of gross domestic product (GDP) predict new asylum applications but not new refugee numbers. We outline reasons for this statistical finding, and discuss theoretical and practical consequences for our understanding of the relationship between country income and asylum-seeking.

AMSM- Hypothesis testing- Chapter Five

This is the last chapter summary for section one of this series. We have introduced the “Ladder process”. Followed by the definition of hypothesis testing and its types. Furthermore, we have discussed the steps of visualizing the hypothesis statement and the method of making a decision based on the statistical finding. Finally, we introduced type error-I and error-II and methods of detecting them. Hands on practice was the last section of this chapter. We have done few examples to cover what we have learned till this point.

Quality assurance audit and corporate governance issues in higher degrees: Toward a framework for enhanced objectivity

Quality assurance in service organisations such as the universities is a vital component of the audit process. Therefore, this paper evaluates the quality assurance audit and corporate governance issues in higher degrees. The paper became necessary given rising concern over apparent external assurers’ subjectivity and domination of the higher degree assurance process. The paper inclined on three main objectives, namely to determine how external assurers’ objectivity relate with assurance outcome on higher degrees, to know how the clarity of institutional assurance rubric relate with external assurance outcome and to determine how supervisors’ neutrality relate with external audit assurance outcome on higher degrees. The paper adopted a mixed methodology of qualitative and quantitative approaches, which firstly reviewed the literature on the impugned issues in higher degree quality assurance and thereafter proceeded to use Chi-square statistics to conduct a quantitative analysis of questionnaire responses on higher degree assurance process. Findings suggest that existing quality assurance of higher degrees is asymmetrically inclined more on the external assurer, which thus dominate internal corporate governance process of quality assurance, leaving only a mere ratifying role to the institutional corporate governance process. The Chi-Square statistical finding on all the three objectives showed a P value less than the alpha of 0.05 (P<0.05), which indicates the following: external assurers’ objectivity relates with the assurance outcome; the clarity of institutional assurance rubric relates with the assurance outcome; similarly, anonymity of the supervisor does relate with the assurance outcome. The paper contributes to the literature by suggesting a framework to improve higher degree quality assurance-audit, which includes supervisor and institutional neutrality, a balance between external assurers’ decisions and internal governance control decisions.

ESTRATEGIAS DE ENSEÑANZA Y NIVEL DE SATISFACCIÓN ACADÉMICA DE ESTUDIANTES DE LA ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE TURISMO Y HOTELERÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE SANTA MARÍA, AREQUIPA, 2018.

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between teaching strategies and the level of the students’ academic satisfaction at the Professional School of Tourism and Hospitality at the Catholic University of Santa Maria; the population or universe is made up of 157 students enrolled in the Pair Semester 2018, the study is of a non-experimental, cross- sectional correlational design and explanatory level, basic type with a quantitative approach, developed in the area of university higher education; applying two questionnaires; the first one, is a questionnaire about the teaching strategies and the second one is a questionnaire about the students’ academic satisfaction in the PST&H, both instruments validated by experts’ judgment with a result of applicability, the reliability was determined using the Alpha de Cronbach Coefficient, obtaining a result of 0.98 and 0.96 respectively for each variable and the Chi Square statistical, finding that the most used strategies by teachers are those focused on the transmission of information with 37.6%, considered as traditional teaching strategies and the highest percentage of academic satisfaction is related to the level of student self-realization with 51%; as a conclusion we have that there is a positive relationship between teaching strategies and the students’ academic satisfaction at the Professional School of Tourism and Hospitality at the Catholic University of Santa Maria (P<0.05; according to tau b de Kendall there is a moderate correlation π=0.51). Keywords: teaching strategies, academic satisfaction, university students, higher education and educational quality.

Human Capital Need in Islamic Finance Education: A Case of Australia

The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate training requirement for human capital needed in the emerging field of Islamic Finance (IF) industry in Australisian region. It proposes the structure of the curriculum which can build bridges among multi-culture/faith communities based on sound understanding of finance and Shariah in the western democratic societies where Muslims are in minorities. It presents a case study of La Trobe University’s pioneering Master of Islamic Banking and Finance (MIBF) degree structure and an online six week’s e-learning short course on Islamic Finance Professional Development (IFPD) jointly with Ethica Institute in UAE. The course is then linked with various components of the professional bodies, like Masters’ in professional accounting (MPA), financial analysis (MFA), and MBA (restricted to electives only), CFA, GARP and then extension to PhD level education in IF. The paper addresses various aspects of IF education such as the significance of knowledge, curriculum design, procedures in acquiring support from within the University academic community, challenges in marketing the course and the needed research backing. It also reviews some illustrating statistics to support the need for the course in Australasian region and highlight statistical finding of our MIBF alumni. The paper closes with final remarks and recommendations to industry and policy makers.

Breast sarcomas: Is now the time to change our mind?

e21524 Background: Primary breast sarcoma usually was considered a rare malignant disease [Adem et al., 2004]. The aim of this study is to show the incidence of breast sarcoma in the region with female population of about 600,000. Methods: Retrospective comparative analysis of breast sarcoma and breast cancer incidence in female of Ternopil region for 2000 - 2008. Descriptive statistical method was used. Results: The total of 101 cases of breast sarcoma was diagnosed in female of 39 - 76 years of age. Every year about 11 (6–18) primary breast sarcomas and 256 (233–279) patients with primary breast cancer were detected. The incidence rate of breast sarcoma was 1.14 per 100,000 women in 2000, 2.94 (in 2001), 1.48 (2002), 0.99 (2003), 2.16 (2004), 1.67 (2005), 2.53 (2006), 2.03 (2007) and 1.87/100,000 in 2008. The incidence of breast cancer was ranged from 37.3 to 46.4 per 100,000 of female population. Breast sarcoma consisted of 2.5% of the breast malignancies in 2000, 6.5% (in 2001), 3.3% (2002), 2.6% (2003), 5.4% (2004), 4.1% (2005), 5.9% (2006), 4.4% (2007) and 4.7% in 2008. Pathohistologic examination revealed angiosarcoma in 92.1% of cases. Thus, our findings are significantly different than data of other authors: f.e., the incidence of primary breast sarcoma is at 45 new cases per 10 million women [Confavreux et al., 2003], or 17 new cases per million women [Moore and Kinne, 1996], and breast sarcoma accounting for 0.0006% of breast malignancies which were diagnosed in 1910–2000 [Adem, 2004]. Taking into account all historical and recent data we can suggest beginning of biological changing in correlation between breast malignant tumors–carcinoma and sarcoma. Conclusions: Our statistical finding shows that incidence of breast sarcoma is 1.87 (0.99–2.94) per of 100,000 female population, and now sarcomas consist of 4.4% (2.5–6.5%) of all malignant breast tumors. Angiosarcoma is a most common (92.1%) morphological type of breast sarcomas. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Lie Detection Experiment Methodology: Infrared Image and Spectrum Analysis

Infrared-based lie detection experiment methodology can open the human life window (0.6µm-16µm) through which the body spontaneous or active infrared responding images be gathered and analyzed by spectrum scoring in features of geography and computation. These raw images mainly load the indirect physiological, biochemical or direct brain evidences of cognitive lie and truth. Aiming at the mimic play card test, three tests of lie detection based on the medium or near infrared spectrum (NIRS) in four kinds of spectrum analysis are discussed. The instruments include the lock-in phase amplifier of Stanford University, TTM (Thermal Texture Maps) in US patent, and self-made auricular point NIRS (Chinese Jiangsu appraisal certificate No. 1017). The subjects’ signals sampling positions are on glabella, brows, abdomen or auricular point Antitragus No. 2. The spectrum analysis methods utilize the self-built feature extraction algorithms, the wavelet microscopy, and the bispetrum in validities of 92%, 100%, 80% and 80%. The results support the lie-truth law of “truth be the baseline of lie detection in view of brain power” (the statistical finding from review of 3D-MRI lie-detection reports included our work, subjects n = 4) for making foundation to the future lie detection 3D-SoC design.