Salmonella organism transmission in hatching broiler egggs

The vertical transmission of Salmonella organism in hatching broiler eggs were investigated in selected states in South-Western Nigeria. Hatching eggs were obtained from fifteen major hatcheries. five (hatchery A, B, C, D and E from each State [Lagos (LA), Oyo (OY) and Ogun (OG)]. A total of 300 hatchable eggs of 20 eggs from each hatchery were collected. Individual egg was broken and separated into Shell, albumin and yolk. The samples were incubated into buffer peptone water and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Typical colonies of salmonella grown on Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar were seen as lining black center and lightly transparent zone of reddish colour which were further cultured on nutrient agar plates for confirmatory test. The biochemical characterization was carried out using rapid kit for the identification of members of Enterobacteria family. The study revealed that Salmonella pullorum was isolated from the albumin in hatchery (OG-A) and hatchery (LA-A), Salmonella arizorae was also isolated in the Yolk from the hatchery (OG-C), Salmonella gallinarum was found in the albumin in Ogun hatchery (OG-A), however, Salmonella paratyphi A was isolated in the albumin in Oyo hatchery B (OY-B). It is evident from the study that salmonella organism reside in various fractions of the egg like albumin, shell and yolk.

THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF AIR-FILLED DOUBLE GLAZING

The window is an opening in the wall that allows air and light into the room. This architectural element also serves to beautify, and for the user to enjoy beautiful landscapes, which exist in the vicinity of the building. But, the window is made up of elements that do not always provide the best thermal performance, thus leading to excessive electricity expenses, with the use of air conditioners. Although there are polymeric materials used in window design with regard to the transparent zone, glass is the one that is most evident from its recurring use in most buildings. Therefore, in this study, the variation and temperature differential along the glasses will be evaluated. This element, when badly chosen, can cause high solar gains, causing thermal discomfort and the early appearance of pathologies in the building.

Analysis of cellulolytic bacterial flora in the rumen of inner Mongolian sheep

The cellulolytic bacterial flora present in the rumen of Inner Mongolian sheep are thought to have a high degree of cellulose-degrading activity because of their foraging feeding regimen. However, there are no report on the genetic and species composition of the cellulolytic bacterial flora. In this study, cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the rumen of Inner Mongolian sheep using a combined method of transparent zone and filter paper degradation. Twenty-two strains were identified via morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests. Ten strains were further identified via DNA (G + C) mol%, together with 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis. Four types of extracellular and total cellulase activities of representative strains were determined. The results demonstrated that the isolates included Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Rumincoccus albus, R. flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and Clostridium polysaccharolyticum. A big proportion of cellulolytic Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was found in the rumen of Inner Mongolian sheep. This was the first study to analyze the cellulolytic bacterial flora in the rumen of foraging Inner Mongolian sheep. These results indicated that the rumen of Inner Mongolian sheep represents an attractive source for cellulolytic microorganisms and enzymes, and the research results have a certain guiding importance for the efficient degradation of cellulosic materials.

ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI SHIMBION SPONS PENGHASIL ENZIM AMILASE ASAL PANTAI MELAWAI BALIKPAPAN

Has been conducted research about isolation and identification bacterium symbionts sponge as producer enzyme amylase from Melawai Beach of Balikpapan. Targeting know is sponge type, symbionts bacterium group and test ability of sponge symbionts bacterium as amylase enzyme producer. Research expected to give information about existence of sponge and micro symbioning it’s from Melawai Beach. Research executed in four phase namely analysis sponge morphology, macroscopic analysis of isolate, microscopic analysis through coloration of bacterium symbionts, and test ability of symbion bacterium in yielding amylase enzyme. Result of morphology analysis is Callyspongia sp species enter in Callyspongiidae of family relatives, while perceived by microscopic and macroscopic perception of symbion bacterium in form of small bar, ellipse, surface flatten, colony disseminate, ruddle, fastening safranin colour designate the bacterium is negative gram. Perception of activity amylase enzyme at MA medium show colony have amylase activity marked with formed it’s of transparent zone at MA media colony if dropped by iodium condensation. Activity of amylase very high happened it thinning 10-2 marked with the existence of formed by zone of transparent very wide of around colony. Result of research concluded that t sponge is Callyspongia sp species, symbionts bacterium group is negative gram and bacterium represent producer of amylase enzyme

Production and Partial Characterization of Cellulase from Pseudomonas Isolates Obtained from Cow Dung and Municipal Solid Wastes

Cellulase producing bacteria were isolated from cow dung and municipal solid wastes using enrichment technique. Cellulase activity was determined on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar medium supplemented with 1% CMC. Production of clear zones by the bacterial isolates on CMC agar was considered as indicative of extracellular cellulase activity. The greater size of transparent zone diameter was found proportional to the higher amount of cellulase production. Two bacterial isolates producing significant clear zone were identified as Pseudomonas spp based on morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Fermentation was carried out under shake flask conditions for production of cellulase from Pseudomonas isolates in a basal medium containing CMC, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, MgSO4, NH4SO4, CaCl2 and FeSO4 at pH 7.0. The assay of cellulase viz. endoglucanase and exoglucanase in terms of CMCase and FPase, respectively was done by measuring the release of the reducing sugar. Some parameters influencing the production of cellulase by these bacterial isolates were investigated. Optimum level of cellulase was produced after 48 h of fermentation at 37°C with 5% inoculums size under continuous agitation at 120 rpm in the growth medium of pH 7.0. Optimum temperature and pH for the activity of cellulase from these bacterial isolates was 40°C and 7.0, respectively. Cellulase from these isolates was found almost stable at 25-40°C and pH 6.0-8.0 for 1 h. Furthermore, the cellulase activity was stimulated by Ca2+ and K+ but inhibited by Hg2+ and Zn2+, whereas, Mg2+ showed very low effect. Results reported herein indicated that the Pseudomonas isolates can be used as producer of extracellular cellulase.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 11-16