scholarly journals Stride-Phase Kinematic Parameters That Predict Peak Elbow Varus Torque

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596712096806
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Tanaka ◽  
Toyohiko Hayashi ◽  
Hiroaki Inui ◽  
Tomoyuki Muto ◽  
Kohnan Tsuchiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Acceleration Phase ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Upward Displacement ◽  
Age Range

Background: During baseball pitching, a high amount of elbow varus torque in the arm cocking-to-acceleration phase is thought to be a biomechanical risk factor for medial elbow pain and injury. The biomechanics of the stride phase may provide preparation for the arm cocking-to-acceleration phase that follows it. Purpose: To determine the kinematic parameters that predict peak elbow varus torque during the stride phase of pitching. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Participants were 107 high school baseball pitchers (age range, 15-18 years) without shoulder or elbow problems. Whole-body kinematics and kinetics during fastball pitching were analyzed using 3-dimensional measurements from 36 retroreflective markers. A total of 26 kinematic parameters of the upper and lower limbs during the stride phase leading up to the stride foot contact were extracted for multiple regression analysis to assess their combined effect on the magnitude of peak elbow varus torque. Results: Increased wrist extension, elbow pronation, knee flexion on the leading leg, knee extension on the trailing leg at stride foot contact, and upward displacement of the body’s center of mass in the stride phase were significantly correlated with decreased peak elbow varus torque (all P < .05). Moreover, 38% of the variance in peak elbow varus torque was explained by a combination of these 5 significant kinematic variables ( P < .001). Conclusion: We found that 5 kinematic parameters during the stride phase and the combination of these parameters were associated with peak elbow varus torque. The stride phase provides biomechanical preparation for pitching and plays a key role in peak elbow varus torque in subsequent pitching phases. Clinical Relevance: The present data can be used to screen pitching mechanics with motion capture assessment to reduce peak elbow varus torque. Decreased peak elbow varus torque is expected to reduce the risk of elbow medial pain and injury.

scholarly journals Ép és mozgásukban korlátozott kajakos sportolók biomechanikai mozgáselemzése és összehasonlító vizsgálata

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (52) ◽  
pp. 2061-2066
Author(s):  
Bernadett Kertészné Német ◽  
Tamás Terebessy ◽  
Zoltán Bejek
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Age Range

Abstract: Introduction: During kayaking, the whole body works in a perfect harmony. While the trunk is doing a rotation, flexion-extension helps to the upper limb to create a special cyclic paddle. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the physical disabled (later disabled) person’s kayaking motions and to probe whether there were any significant differences between disabled and non-disabled kayakers with special focus on the use of footrest. We hypothesised significantly different ranges of motion and muscle activity in lower limbs but no significant differences in those of the upper limbs. Aim: Our goal was to know more about the abled and disbled kayaking and compare the athlete’s kayaking movements. Method: Thirteen (n = 13) elite disabled athletes (age range: 18–40 years, height range: 164–194 cm, body mass range:74–93 kg), eleven (n = 11) elite non-disabled athletes (age range: 18–40 years, height range:172–197 cm, body mass range: 72–96 kg) and nine (n = 9) athletes whose movements were artificially limited to imitate disabled conditions(“imitation disabled” group) (age range: 18–40 years, height range: 172–197 cm, body mass range: 72–96 kg) were measured. Weba sport kayak ergometer, surface electromyography (EMG), and a 3-dimensional Vicon (MX T40) camera system were used to record the data, and a combined Matlab and MS Excel system was used to analyse the results. Results: In line with our basic assumption, range of motion of the upper limbs was not significantly different between disabled athletes and non-disabled athletes (p ≥ 0.05). However, muscle activities were significantly different in the disabled group compared to the non-disabled group (p ≤ 0.05). In the disabled group the knee joint and trunk motions and muscle activities were also significantly different compared to those in the non-disabled group (p ≤ 0.05). The differences in performance force applied to both footrests and force were significant (p ≤ 0.05). Discussion: The assumption that shoulder and elbow ranges of motion were not significantly different in disabled athletes compared to non-disabled athletes was proven. However, muscle activities were significantly different in the disabled group. In the disabled group, knee and trunk motions and muscle activities were also significantly different compared to the non-disabled group. Significant differences were found in performance, force and footrest use. Our results proved our assumption that motions and muscle activities of disabled and non-disabled athletes were significantly different. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(52): 2061–2066.

scholarly journals Development of a Novel Fully Passive Treadmill Training Paradigm for Lower Limb Therapeutic Intervention

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
M. Saiful Huq ◽  
M. O. Tokhi
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Joint Properties ◽  
Treadmill Belt

A simulation based study of a completely new form of body-weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) technique which is fully passive in nature is presented in this paper. The approach does not require any powered means at the lower limbs and is implemented using a combination of coordinated joint locking/unlocking and flexible torque transfer mechanisms. The hip extension pertaining to the stance phase of the gait cycle is achieved through the stance foot being literally dragged by the treadmill belt while the required manoeuvring of the trunk is expected to be accomplished by the voluntary arm-support from the subject. The swing phase, on the other hand, is initiated through appropriately coupling the swing knee with the contralateral extending hip and eventually achieve full knee extension through switching the treadmill speed to a lower value. Considering adequate support from the able arms, the process effectively turns the frictional force at the foot-treadmill belt interface into an agent causing the required whole body mechanical energy fluctuation during the gait cycle.The simulation platform consists of a dynamic planer (sagittal) full body humanoid model along with the treadmill model developed within a CAD based software environment interfaced with passive viscoelastic joint properties implemented in Simulink. The voluntary upper body effort as well as control of the gait cycle are also developed within MATLAB/Simulink environment. The gait cycle generated using the new concept is thoroughly investigated through this simulation study.

High-impact Routines to Ameliorate Trunk and Lower Limbs Flexibility in Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (14) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046
Author(s):  
Massimo De Nardi ◽  
Carlo Facheris ◽  
Piero Ruggeri ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
Roberto Codella
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Crossover Fashion ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trunk Position

AbstractSeveral types of routines and methods have been experimented to gain neuro/muscular advantages, in terms of overall range of motion, in athletes and fitness enthusiasts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of different routines on trunk- and lower limbs flexibility in a sample of young women. In a randomized-crossover fashion, eleven subjects underwent to: hamstrings stretching [S]; hamstrings stretching plus whole-body vibration [S+WBV]; partial-body cryotherapy [Cryo]; rest [Control]. Standing hamstrings stretch performance and sit-and-reach amplitude resulted to be improved with [S+WBV] compared to all other protocols (p<0.05). [Cryo] ameliorated the active knee extension performance with respect to all other interventions (p<0.05). These flexibility improvements were obtained without a loss in the trunk position sense proprioception. These results represent the first evidence that a single session of either vibration or cryotherapy can ameliorate flexibility without losing the trunk position sense proprioception in young women.

scholarly journals MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND REGIONAL LEAN MASS INFLUENCE BONE MINERAL HEALTH AMONG YOUNG FEMALES

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Rosa Guimarães ◽  
Luciana Duarte Pimenta ◽  
Danilo Alexandre Massini ◽  
Daniel dos Santos ◽  
Leandro Oliveira da Cruz Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Level Of Evidence

ABSTRACT Introduction: Strength training is able to stimulate bone tissue metabolism by increasing mechanical stress on the skeletal system. However, the direct relationship is not yet well established among younger women, since it is necessary to describe which strength enhancement level is able to produce effective changes in bone integrity. Objectives: This study analyzed the influence of muscle strength on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) among female college students. Methods: Fifteen women (24.9 ± 7.2 years) were assessed for regional and whole-body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The one-repetition maximum (1-RM) tests were assessed on flat bench press (BP), lat pulldown (LPD), leg curl (LC), knee extension (KE), and 45 degree leg press (45LP). Linear regression analyzed the relationships of BMC/BMD with regional composition and 1-RM test values. Measures of dispersion and error (R2 adj and SEE) were tested, defining a p-value of 0.05. Results: The mean value of whole-body BMC was 1925.6 ± 240.4 g and the BMD was 1.03 ± 0.07 g/cm2. Lean mass (LM) was related to BMC (R2 adj = 0.86, p<0.01, and SEE = 35.6 g) and BMD (R2 adj = 0.46, p<0.01, SEE = 0.13 g) in the lower limbs (LL). The 1-RM tests in BP were associated with BMC and BMD (R2 adj = 0.52, p<0.01, SEE = 21.4 g, and R2 adj = 0.68, p<0.01, SEE = 0.05 g/cm2, respectively) in the upper limbs, while the 1-RM tests in KE were related to BMC and BMD (R2 adj = 0.56, p<0.01. SEE = 62.6 g, and R2 adj = 0.58, p<0.01, SEE = 0.11 g/cm2, respectively) in the lower limbs. Conclusions: Hence, the 1-RM tests for multi-joint exercises are relevant to the regional BMC/BMD, reinforcing the need to include resistance exercises in training routines with the purpose of improving muscular strength and regional lean mass, thereby ensuring a healthy bone mineral mass. Level of Evidence II; Development of diagnostic criteria in consecutive patients (with applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard).

scholarly journals Control of Dynamic Stability During Gait Termination on a Slippery Surface

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Oates ◽  
A. E. Patla ◽  
J. S. Frank ◽  
M. A. Greig
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Gait Termination ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Body Center ◽  
Slippery Surface

There are three common ways by which to successfully terminate gait: decreased acceleration of whole-body center of mass (COM) through a flexor synergy in the trail leg, increased deceleration of whole-body COM through an extensor synergy in the front limb, and an energy/momentum transfer to dissipate any remaining momentum if the first two strategies are unsuccessful. Healthy individuals were asked to stop on a slippery surface while we examined their unexpected response to the slippery surface. Kinetic data from the forceplates revealed lower braking forces in the slip trials compared with normal gait-termination trials. Subjects were unable to control their center of pressure (COP) to manipulate the COM as revealed by increased deviations and maximum absolute ranges of COP movement. Subject COM deviated farther in both horizontal planes and lowered further during the slip compared with normal gait-termination trials. Arm movements were effective in dissipating forward COM movement. In addition, there likely was a transfer of forward to lateral momentum to stop forward progression. All recorded muscle activity in the lower limbs and back increased during the slip to provide support to the lower limbs and correct upright balance. The trailing limb shortened its final step to provide support to the lowering COM. The balance-correction response seen here resembles previous reactions to perturbations during locomotion suggesting there is a generalized strategy employed by the nervous system to correct for disturbances and maintain balance.

scholarly journals Gravity center estimation for evaluation of standing whole body compensation using virtual barycentremetry based on biplanar slot-scanning stereoradiography - validation by simultaneous force plate measurement

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Hasegawa ◽  
Celia Amabile ◽  
Matthieu Nesme ◽  
Jean Dubousset
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gravity Center ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Gravity Line ◽  
Full Body

Abstract Background Whole body standing alignment (WBSA) in terms of biomechanics can be evaluated accurately only by referring the gravity line (GL) which lies on the gravity center (GC). Here, we introduce a method for estimating GL and simultaneous WBSA measurement using the EOS® imaging system and report on the reproducibility and reliability of the method. Methods A 3-dimensional (3D) avatar to estimate GC was created following three steps: 3D reconstruction of the bone based on EOS images; deformation into a generic morphotype (MakeHuman statistical model) before density integration with 3D rasterization of the full body into 1-mm3 voxels (the content of each voxel is considered homogeneous); computation of the density of all the voxels provides the center of mass, which can be projected onto the floor as the GC of the full body, providing the GL in relation to the WBSA. The repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy of the estimated GC and body weight of the avatar were compared with clinical estimation using a force plate in healthy volunteers and patients with degenerative and deformative diseases. Results Statistical analyses of the data revealed that the repeatability and reproducibility of the estimation was high with intra-rater and inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient. ≥0.999. The coordinate values of the GC and body weight estimation did not differ significantly between the avatar and force plate measurements, demonstrating the high accuracy of the method. Conclusion This new method of estimating GC and WBSA is reliable and accurate. Application of this method could allow clinicians to quickly and qualitatively evaluate WBSA with GL with various spinal malalignment pathologies.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Kinematic Analysis of the Lower Limbs during the Chasse Step in Table Tennis Athletes

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Yang ◽  
Yuqi He ◽  
Shirui Shao ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
Bíró István ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Internal Rotation

The chasse step is one of the most important footwork maneuvers used in table tennis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lower limb kinematic differences of table tennis athletes of different genders when using the chasse step. The 3D VICON motion analysis system was used to capture related kinematics data. The main finding of this study was that the step times for male athletes (MA) were shorter in the backward phase (BP) and significantly longer in the forward phase (FP) than for female athletes (FA) during the chasse step. Compared with FA, knee external rotation for MA was larger during the BP. MA showed a smaller knee flexion range of motion (ROM) in the BP and larger knee extension ROM in the FP. Moreover, hip flexion and adduction for MA were significantly greater than for FA. In the FP, the internal rotational velocity of the hip joint was significantly greater. MA showed larger hip internal rotation ROM in the FP but smaller hip external rotation ROM in the BP. The differences between genders can help coaches personalize their training programs and improve the performance of both male and female table tennis athletes.

scholarly journals Estimation of Human Center of Mass Position through the Inertial Sensors-Based Methods in Postural Tasks: An Accuracy Evaluation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Germanotta ◽  
Ilaria Mileti ◽  
Ilaria Conforti ◽  
Zaccaria Del Prete ◽  
Irene Aprile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Accuracy Evaluation ◽  
Postural Tasks ◽  
Single Sensor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Displacement Based

The estimation of the body’s center of mass (CoM) trajectory is typically obtained using force platforms, or optoelectronic systems (OS), bounding the assessment inside a laboratory setting. The use of magneto-inertial measurement units (MIMUs) allows for more ecological evaluations, and previous studies proposed methods based on either a single sensor or a sensors’ network. In this study, we compared the accuracy of two methods based on MIMUs. Body CoM was estimated during six postural tasks performed by 15 healthy subjects, using data collected by a single sensor on the pelvis (Strapdown Integration Method, SDI), and seven sensors on the pelvis and lower limbs (Biomechanical Model, BM). The accuracy of the two methods was compared in terms of RMSE and estimation of posturographic parameters, using an OS as reference. The RMSE of the SDI was lower in tasks with little or no oscillations, while the BM outperformed in tasks with greater CoM displacement. Moreover, higher correlation coefficients were obtained between the posturographic parameters obtained with the BM and the OS. Our findings showed that the estimation of CoM displacement based on MIMU was reasonably accurate, and the use of the inertial sensors network methods should be preferred to estimate the kinematic parameters.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Whole-Body MRI Short Protocols in Bone Lesion Detection in Multiple Myeloma Patients

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Davide Ippolito ◽  
Teresa Giandola ◽  
Cesare Maino ◽  
Davide Gandola ◽  
Maria Ragusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
Bone Lesion ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Whole Body Mri ◽  
Mri Protocol

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of short whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) protocols for the overall assessment of bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), in comparison with standard whole-body MRI protocol. Patients with biopsy-proven MM, who underwent a WBMRI with full-body coverage (from vertex to feet) were retrospectively enrolled. WBMRI images were independently evaluated by two expert radiologists, in terms of infiltration patterns (normal, focal, diffuse, and combined), according to location (the whole skeleton was divided into six anatomic districts: skull, spine, sternum and ribs, upper limbs, pelvis and proximal two-thirds of the femur, remaining parts of lower limbs) and lytic lesions number (<5, 5–20, and >20). The majority of patients showed focal and combined infiltration patterns with bone lesions predominantly distributed in the spine and pelvis. As skull and lower limbs are less frequently involved by focal bone lesions, excluding them from the standard MRI protocol allows to obtain a shorter protocol, maintaining a good diagnostic value.

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