Conventional Ginger Candy on Premenstural Syndrome among Adolescent Girls

Background: Premenstrual condition is one of the most well-known issues in ladies at their regenerative age. Premenstrual disorder is a condition that influences the feelings, wellbeing, and conduct during specific days of the feminine cycle before her menses. Almost 80% of ladies report at least one manifestation that doesn't generously influence every day functioning, as per the American Family Doctor. In this aspect the current examination was led with the expection to decide the impact of regular ginger candy on premenstrual disorder among young ladies. Methods: Quasi experimental research design was adopted with 60 samples who met the inclusion criteria. Samples were selected by e purposive sampling technique. Pre-test was conducted by using Numerical pain rating scale and HRQoL scale Questionnaire data was collected. Conventional ginger candy was administered to adolescent girls with routine daily diet. Posttest was conducted after 8 weeks with the same tool. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The Results: The study findings revealed that the severity of Premenstrual pain was reduced compared to before the intervention. HRQoL also improve routine Conventional ginger candy supplementation was effective in reducing the Premenstrual syndrome at the level of p>0.001 in the after the post test. Conclusion: Conventional ginger candy supplementation is cost effective and easily available, thereby finding can relieve premenstrual pain and associated symptoms, and improve the quality of life among adolescent girls.

Neurosteroids and Affective Disorders in Women

Background: Neurosteroids (NS) are steroid derived molecules synthesized in the central nervous system (CNS) involved in modulating brain transmission by its activity on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors; this interaction has been identified as an important factor in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Objective: The aim of the present paper is to describe the relation of neurosteroids with affective disorders in women and novel treatments in this regard in an understandable and synthesized review of the subject. Methods: A thoroughly made research has been performed in order to find the latest information in this regard using scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords Neurosteroids, affective disorders, depression, postpartum depression and dysphoric premenstrual disorder. Results: It has been seen that NS levels during physiological fluctuation such as during menstrual cycle or postpartum may modify the response to GABA by GABA-A receptors in susceptible women. Recent pharmacological assays have been developed in order to treat affective disorders in women focusing on NS fluctuations. Conclusion: Within this paper, we review recent findings in NS modulating mechanisms, its pathophysiological implications in affective disorders and recent clinical assays in this regard.

Emotional Experience and Recognition across Menstrual Cycle and in Premenstrual Disorder

The aim of this study was to determine if differences exist in mood and in the recognition of female and male emotional faces among women in different phases of the menstrual cycle, and in women who suffer from Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) in the premenstrual phase. Both the emotional states and the recognition of female and male emotional faces were assessed in women in each phase of the menstrual cycle: post-menstrual, ovulatory, post-ovulatory and premenstrual. Also evaluated was a group of women who presented symptoms of PMDD during the premenstrual phase. Only the women with PMDD showed significant changes in levels of unpleasant emotions and anxiety. Regardless of group, the highest accuracy was observed for recognition of happiness and disgust, followed by surprise and sadness. The lowest level of recognition was seen for fear and anger. In addition, expressions of happiness and surprise were recognized better on female faces, while fearful and angry expressions were recognized better on male faces. Finally, women in the ovulatory phase and those with PMDD showed higher accuracy when recognizing sadness on male faces. These results suggest that only women with PMDD presented important differences in their emotional experience compared to the other groups. Finally, the gender of the emotion emitter was a factor that affected the recognition of emotions, an effect that was seen to interact slightly with the menstrual cycle phase.

Premenstrual disorder and the adolescent: clinical case report, literature review, and diagnostic and therapeutic challenges

Objective:The aim of this paper is to present a case with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and to review the diagnosis from an adolescent medicine approach, discussing why diagnosis and treatment must be distinct for this age group and different from the adult approach.Introduction:Premenstrual disorder is a periodic, recurrent, debilitating condition with either physical and/or psychological symptoms that occur during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.Case:We report the case of a 16-year-old female diagnosed with premenstrual disorder.Discussion:Physical signs, behavioral changes, and mood disturbances that occur before menstruation have long been recognized in women, but how well is the disorder defined for adolescents? Due to the unique characteristics of teens, do the current diagnostic criteria appropriately represent this population?

The Patient Health Questionnaire, Japanese Version: Validity According to the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview–Plus

To validate the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire against the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus in Japan 131 patients in 4 primary care settings and 2 general hospital settings participated. These patients completed the Patient Health Questionnaire and returned it to their physician within 48 hr. Subsequently, the subjects underwent a diagnostic evaluation interview based on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus by an interviewer blind to the results of the Patient Health Questionnaire screening. The Patient Health Questionnaire diagnosis was characterized using kappa values between 0.70 and 1.0 for Somatoform Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Panic Disorder, Bulimia Nervosa, Alcohol Abuse/Dependence, and Premenstrual Disorder. Sensitivities, specificities, and negative predictive values were very good (between 0.84 and 1.0) for the first 4 diagnoses but not Alcohol Abuse/Dependence or Premenstrual Disorder, as were the Positive predictive values (between 0.78 and 1.0). Findings show very good concordance of the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire with the Japanese version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview–Plus.