scholarly journals Mechanisms generating the numerous hues of chrysanthemum petals can be traced to in vitro γ-ray-induced mutagenesis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreena Din ◽  
Zahoor Ahmed Qadri ◽  
MUNEEB AHMAD WANI ◽  
Z.A. Rather ◽  
Shameen Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Floral Colour ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Minimum Delay ◽  
Flower Pigmentation

Abstract In terms of global cut flower production, chrysanthemum (Dendranthemum grandiflorum kitam.) ranks among the top ten. When a plant species possesses colour characteristics associated with those of ancestral species, that colour is described as being white, yellow, or pink, with white coloration representing an absence of pigments, and yellow and pink coloration each represents the presence of carotenoids and anthocyanins, respectively. Pigments, or a combination of pigments, have been improved upon to provide an expansive rainbow of floral colours like orange, dark red, purplish-red, and red. Recent green-flowered varieties have developed a reputation for containing chlorophylls in their ray petals. Additionally, transgenic interventions have been used to breed violet/blue flowers. Flower colour is a highly regarded characteristic of any flower cultivar, particularly chrysanthemum. Breeders' ultimate goal is to create newer chrysanthemum cultivars with innovative characteristics, such as new flower colours, using a time and input-efficient approach. Investigating the molecular mechanisms that regulate flower pigmentation may yield critical insights into the rational manipulation of floral colour. To generate a diverse array of flower colour mutants in chrysanthemum cv. “Candid” through mutagenesis, in vitro grown micro shoots were exposed to 10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy gamma irradiation at 100 Gy per minute and were evaluated for different parameters. The rhizogenesis parameters declined with the increase in irradiation dose from 0 Gy to 40 Gy, while as, 10 Gy dose proved to record minimum decline in contrast to the control. Survival, leaf size, and the number of leaves plant-1 after the 8th-week interval exhibited a downward trend with the increasing trend of gamma irradiation dose but recorded a least drop in plants raised from shoots irradiated with 10 Gy gamma irradiation dose with respect to the control. Apparently, the minimum delay in the number of days to floral bud appearance took under 10 Gy compared to control. The highest number of flower colour mutants was recorded under 10 Gy (light pink, orange-pink, white and yellow). Demountable mutation frequency based on flower colour was desirable in plants irradiated with the slightest dose of 10 Gy.

scholarly journals Congenial in Vitro γ-Ray Induced Mutagenesis Underlying the Varied Array of Petal Colours in Chrysanthemum (Dendranthemum Grandiflorum Kitam). ‘Candid’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreena Din ◽  
Zahoor Ahmed Qadri ◽  
MUNEEB AHMAD WANI ◽  
Z.A. Rather ◽  
Shameen Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Flower Colours ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Flower Pigmentation

Abstract Chrysanthemum (Dendranthemum grandiflorum kitam.) is amongst the top ten cut flowers globally. The flower colour of ancestral species is restricted to white, yellow, and pink and is acquired from anthocyanins, carotenoids, and the dearth of both pigments, respectively. An extensive array of flower colours, like orange, dark red, purplish-red, and red, has been bred by enhancing the variety of pigments or the amalgamation of both pigments. In recent times, green-flowered cultivars having chlorophylls in their ray petals have been produced and have grown a reputation. Furthermore, violet /blue flowers have been bred via transgenic interventions. Flower colour is considered as critically acclaimed feature of any flower cultivar especially chrysanthemum. Creating newer chrysanthemum cultivars with novel features, for instance, new flower colours in a time and input optimised approach, is the eventual ambition for breeders. Exploring the molecular mechanisms that control flower pigmentation may present imperative suggestions for the rational manoeuvring of flower colour. To generate a diverse array of flower colour mutants in chrysanthemum cv. “Candid” through mutagenesis, in vitro grown micro shoots were exposed to 10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy gamma irradiation at 100 Gy per minute and were evaluated for different parameters. The rhizogenesis parameters declined with the increase in irradiation dose from 0 Gy to 40 Gy, while as, 10 Gy dose proved to record minimum decline in contrast to the control. Survival, leaf size, and the number of leaves plant− 1 after the 8th -week interval also decreased with the increasing trend of gamma irradiation dose but recorded a minimum decline in plants raised from shoots irradiated with 10 Gy gamma irradiation dose with respect to the control. Apparently, the minimum delay in the number of days to floral bud appearance took under 10 Gy compared to control. The highest number of flower colour mutants were recorded under 10 Gy (light pink, orange-pink, white and yellow). Demountable mutation frequency based on flower colour was desirable in plants irradiated with the slightest dose of 10 Gy

scholarly journals Low Irradiation Dose for Sorghum Seed Sterilization: Hydroponic Fodder System and In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teguh Wahyono ◽  
Shintia Nugrahini Wahyu Hardani ◽  
Irawans Sugoro
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ch4 Concentration ◽  
Lower Irradiation Dose ◽  
Sorghum Straw

The purpose of this study was to to evaluate the influence of low gamma irradiation dose on growth performance, in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation product of sorghum hydroponic fodder (SHF) to utilize them in ruminant diets. Three polyethylene packages of Samurai 2 sorghum seeds were exposed at 25oC gamma irradiation in gamma cell (Co-60) at doses of 100, 200 and 300 Gy in the presence of air. Samples were then referigated (< 5oC) before planting. All seeds were planted in nutrient film technique hydroponic system. This study used Completely Randomized Design with four replications The observed parameters were total fresh yield, plant height and coversion ratio from seeds to SHF. In vitro gas test evaluation was done to compare all treatments with sorghum straw. The observed parameters were total gas production, kinetics gas, CH4 concentration, CO2 concentration and rumen fermentation products. Results showed that lower irradiation dose for seeds sterilization decreased plant height and total fresh yield on SHF production. In vitro total gas production of all SHF treatment was higher (p<0.05) than sorghum straw (control) at 2-48 h time of incubation. Gamma irradiation dose of 200 and 300 Gy on SHF seeds sterilization decreased (p<0.05) in vitro CH4 concentration for 19.51 and 15.43% respectively compared to SHF control (hypochlorite sterilization). In the same dose, seeds sterilization with gamma irradiation increased (p<0.05) CO2:CH4 ratio by 23.46 and 20.73% respectively compared to SHF control. The treatment of 100 Gy gamma irradiation for seed sterilization also increased (p<0.05) TVFA by 30.63% compared to sorghum straw. It was concluded that lower irradiation dose for seeds sterilization decreased growth performance of SHF. However, 100 Gy gamma irradiation increased in vitro total gas production.

Postharvest Control of Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructigena in Apples by Gamma Irradiation Combined with Fumigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1410-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
WONSU CHEON ◽  
YOUNG SOO KIM ◽  
KOTNALA BALARAJU ◽  
BONG-SU KIM ◽  
BYEONG-HO LEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACTTo extend the shelf life of apples in South Korea, we evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation alone or gamma irradiation combined with fumigation on the control of postharvest decay caused by Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructigena. An irradiation dose of 1.0 kGy caused the maximal inhibition of B. cinerea and M. fructigena spore germination. The gamma irradiation dose required to reduce the spore germination by 90% was 0.76 and 0.78 kGy for B. cinerea and M. fructigena, respectively. Inhibition of conidial germination of both fungal pathogens occurred at a greater level at the doses of 0.2 to 1.0 kGy compared with the nontreated control; 0.2 kGy caused 90.5 and 73.9% inhibition of B. cinerea and M. fructigena, respectively. Treatment in vitro with the ecofriendly fumigant ethanedinitrile had a greater effect compared with the nontreated control. The in vitro antifungal effects of the gamma irradiation and fumigation treatments allowed us to further study the effects of the combined treatments. Interestingly, when irradiation was combined with fumigation, the percentage of disease inhibition increased more at lower (&lt;0.4 kGy) than at higher doses of irradiation, suggesting that the combined treatments reduced the necessary irradiation dose in phytosanitary irradiation processing under storage conditions.

scholarly journals PENGARUH IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA (60Co) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI JAHE PUTIH KECIL (Zingiber officinale var.a ma rum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
NURLIANI BERMAWIE ◽  
NUR LAELA W. MEILAWATI ◽  
S. PURWIYANTI ◽  
MELATI MELATI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Main Plot

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Keragaman  genetik  plasma  nutfah  jahe  rendah  sehingga  perlu <br /> dilakukan  peningkatan  keragaman,  antara  lain  dengan  iradiasi sinar <br /> gamma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis iradiasi <br /> terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jahe putih kecil.  Penelitian dilakukan <br /> di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat serta Kebun <br /> Percobaan Cicurug, Sukabumi pada bulan Juni 2010 sampai dengan Mei <br /> 2011. Iradiasi dilakukan di P3TIR, BATAN, Jakarta. Percobaan disusun <br /> menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan petak utama dua aksesi jahe <br /> putih kecil ZIOF 0048 dan HALINA 1 dan anak petak adalah 11 dosis <br /> iradiasi (0-50 Gy) dengan interval 5 Gy. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga <br /> kali. Pengamatan karakter morfologi dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan <br /> kualitatif pada umur 2, 3, dan 4 BST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesi <br /> berpengaruh terhadap radiosensitivitas. Aksesi HALINA 1 lebih sensitif <br /> dibandingkan   dengan   ZIOF 0048   ditunjukkan   dengan   nilai   LD50 <br /> HALINA 1 (11,07 Gy) lebih rendah dari LD50 ZIOF 0048 (13,43 Gy). <br /> Interaksi aksesi pada dosis 5 dan 10 Gy memiliki nilai terbaik pada  tinggi <br /> tanaman, ukuran daun serta jumlah anakan. Dosis mempengaruhi tinggi <br /> tanaman, ukuran daun, diameter dan panjang batang, serta jumlah daun. <br /> Pertumbuhan tanaman semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur <br /> tanaman. Namun, semakin tinggi dosis iradiasi, pertumbuhan tanaman <br /> semakin melambat.  Pertumbuhan tanaman terbaik diperoleh pada dosis 5 <br /> Gy, dan tidak berbeda dengan kontrol. Bobot dan ukuran rimpang terbaik <br /> (964 g/rumpun) diperoleh dari HALINA 1 pada dosis 10 Gy, dan berbeda <br /> dengan kontrol (454 g/rumpun), serta perlakuan lainnya.</p><p>Kata kunci:  Zingiber officinale var. amarum, iradiasi sinar gamma (<sup>60</sup>Co), keragaman genetik, mutasi, karakter morfologi.</p><p> </p><p>The Effect of Gamma Irradiation (<sup>60</sup>Co) on the Growth and Production of Small White Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. amarum)</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Genetic variability of ginger germplasm was low, therefore it was <br /> necessary to broaden genetic variability using gamma irradiation. This <br /> research aimed to see the effect of irradiation on the growth of small white <br /> ginger. This study was conducted in the Plant Breeding Laboratory, <br /> Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute and the Cicurug <br /> Experimental Garden Sukabumi from June 2010 to May 2011. Irradiation <br /> was undertaken in P3TIR, BATAN, Jakarta. The experiment was arranged <br /> in a split plot design with the main plot was two accessions HALINA 1 <br /> and ZIOF 00 48, and the sub plots was 11 irradiation doses (0-50 Gy) with 5 Gy interval.  The experiment was replicated three times.  Parameters <br /> observed were quantitative and qualitative characters at 2,3 and 4 months <br /> after   planting (MAPs).   Results   showed   that   accession   influenced <br /> radiosensitivity. Accession HALINA 1 was more radiosensitive than ZIOF <br /> 0048, indicated by LD50 of HALINA 1 was 11.0693 Gy, lower than ZIOF <br /> 0048 13.4254 Gy. Interaction between accessions at 5 and 10 Gy showed <br />the highest plant height, leaf size, and number of shoots. Irradiation dose affected plant height, leaf size, stem diameter and length, and number of leaf. The plant growth increased in conjunction with plant age, but the <br /> higher irradiation dose, the growth of plants slowed down. The best plant <br /> growth was obtained from 5 Gy, not different from control. The highest <br /> rhizome weight (964 g/plant) was obtained from HALINA 1 treated with 10 Gy, differ from control (545 g/plant) and the other treatments.</p><p>Keywords:  Zingiber officinale var. amarum, gamma irradiation (<sup>60</sup>Co), genetic variability, mutation, morphological characters.</p>

scholarly journals INDUKSI MUTASI PADA PISANG (Musa sp. - ABB) cv. KEPOK DENGAN IRADIASI GAMMA SECARA IN VITRO

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Luthfia Masykuroh ◽  
Adisyahputra Adisyahputra ◽  
Reni Indrayanti
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Plant Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Induced Mutation ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Design Factors

Banana (Musa sp. - ABB) cv. Kepok is one of type banana processed that have a very potential commodities fruit developed to support food survival. The purpose of this study was to knowing the effect of gamma irradiation on the growth of banana plants cv. Kepok in vitro. This study was conducted in October 2014 – October 2015 in Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biological – Science UNJ. The methods used was experiment with fully randomized design. Factors that tested was 6 gamma irradiation doses (0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 Gy) with 10 repetition. Observation of phenotypic generate diverse characters on the growth of the number of shoots and leaves. Gamma irradiation dose of 50 Gy is doses most inhibits the growth of character. Mutations that occur in banana plantlets cv. Kepok generated by the treatment doses gamma irradiation induced mutation is random.

High resolution mapping of nucleic acid containing complexes in vitro and in situ

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
D. P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
M. J. Hendzel
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Heavy Atom ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Resolution Mapping ◽  
Tata Sequence

Structural analysis of combinations of nucleosomes and transcription factors on promoter and enhancer elements is necessary in order to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of transcription initiation. Such complexes are often not amenable to study by high resolution crystallographic techniques. We have been applying electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) to specific problems in molecular biology related to transcription regulation. There are several advantages that this technique offers in studies of nucleoprotein complexes. First, an intermediate level of spatial resolution can be achieved because heavy atom contrast agents are not necessary. Second, mass and stoichiometric relationships of protein and nucleic acid can be estimated by phosphorus detection, an element in much higher proportions in nucleic acid than protein. Third, wrapping or bending of the DNA by the protein constituents can be observed by phosphorus mapping of the complexes. Even when ESI is used with high exposure of electrons to the specimen, important macromolecular information may be provided. For example, an image of the TATA binding protein (TBP) bound to DNA is shown in the Figure (top panel). It can be seen that the protein distorts the DNA away from itself and much of its mass sits off the DNA helix axis. Moreover, phosphorus and mass estimates demonstrate whether one or two TBP molecules interact with this particular promoter TATA sequence.

The research of the molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol XIV (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Kalinin ◽  
I.A. Suchkov ◽  
N.V. Korotkova ◽  
N.D. Mzhavanadze
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms

Natural products from the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia: A potential lead for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1278-1285
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yafout ◽  
Amine Ousaid ◽  
Ibrahim Sbai El Otmani ◽  
Youssef Khayati ◽  
Amal Ait Haj Said
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Promising Source

The new SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the coronaviruses family has caused a pandemic affecting millions of people around the world. This pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization as an international public health emergency. Although several clinical trials involving a large number of drugs are currently underway, no treatment protocol for COVID-19 has been officially approved so far. Here we demonstrate through a search in the scientific literature that the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia, which includes more than 500 medicinal plants, is a fascinating and promising source for the research of natural molecules active against SARS-CoV-2. Multiple in-silico and in-vitro studies showed that some of the medicinal plants used by Moroccans for centuries possess inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. These inhibitory activities are achieved through the different molecular mechanisms of virus penetration and replication, or indirectly through stimulation of immunity. Thus, the potential of plants, plant extracts and molecules derived from plants that are traditionally used in Morocco and have activity against SARS-CoV-2, could be explored in the search for a preventive or curative treatment against COVID-19. Furthermore, safe plants or plant extracts that are proven to stimulate immunity could be officially recommended by governments as nutritional supplements.

Therapeutic Application of Diacylglycerol Oil for Obesity: Serotonin Hypothesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekatsu Yanai ◽  
Hiroshi Yoshida ◽  
Yuji Hirowatari ◽  
Norio Tada
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serotonin Release ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride

Characteristics for the serum lipid abnormalities in the obesity/metabolic syndrome are elevated fasting, postprandial triglyceride (TG), and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil ingestion has been reported to ameliorate postprandial hyperlipidemia and prevent obesity by increasing energy expenditure, due to the intestinal physiochemical dynamics that differ from triacylglycerol (TAG). Our study demonstrated that DAG suppresses postprandial increase in TG-rich lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and insulin, as compared with TAG in young, healthy individuals. Interestingly, our study also presented that DAG significantly increases plasma serotonin, which is mostly present in the intestine, and mediates thermogenesis, proposing a possible mechanism for a postprandial increase in energy expenditure by DAG. Our other study demonstrated that DAG suppresses postprandial increase in TG, VLDL-C, and remnant-like particle-cholesterol, in comparison with TAG in an apolipoprotein C-II deficient subject, suggesting that DAG suppresses postprandial TG-rich lipoprotein independently of lipoprotein lipase. Further, to understand the molecular mechanisms for DAG-mediated increase in serotonin and energy expenditure, we studied the effects of 1-monoacylglycerol and 2-monoacylglycerol, distinct digestive products of DAG and TAG, respectively, on serotonin release from the Caco-2 cells, the human intestinal cell line. We also studied effects of 1- and 2-monoacylglycerol, and serotonin on the expression of mRNA associated with β-oxidation, fatty acids metabolism, and thermogenesis, in the Caco-2 cells. 1-monoacylglycerol significantly increased serotonin release from the Caco-2 cells, compared with 2-monoacylglycerol by approximately 40%. The expression of mRNA of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), fatty acid translocase (FAT), and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2), was significantly higher in 1-MOG-treated Caco-2 cells, than 2-MOG-treated cells. The expression of mRNA of ACO, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, FAT, and UCP-2, was significantly elevated in serotonin-treated Caco-2 cells, compared to cells incubated without serotonin. In conclusion, our clinical and in vitro studies suggested a possible therapeutic application of DAG for obesity, and obesity-related metabolic disorders.Key words: Diacylglycerol, intestine, obesity, serotonin, thermogenesis

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document