scholarly journals Violating social distancing amid the COVID‐19 pandemic: Psychological factors to improve compliance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Farias ◽  
Ronaldo Pilati
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Improve Compliance

scholarly journals Boredom makes it difficult, but it helps to have a plan: Investigating adherence to social distancing guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Bieleke ◽  
Corinna Martarelli ◽  
Wanja Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Trait Boredom ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Planning Intervention

In the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), social distancing has become important for containing the pandemic and preventing a renewed spread of the virus. We investigated psychological factors that predict adherence to social distancing guidelines. In a two-part longitudinal study (N = 574), we assessed adherence and its difficulty twice, one week apart. At T1, participants either planned to deal with the difficulties of adherence (planning intervention) or not (control condition). We further measured individual differences in planning, self-control, and boredom. T2 adherence was higher in the planning intervention, when participants intended to use plans. Trait planning was associated with higher T1 and T2 adherence and mitigated negative effects of T1 difficulty. Analogous effects emerged for trait self-control at T1. Trait boredom was associated with higher difficulty at T1 and T2 without directly affecting adherence. Our results are relevant for designing effective measures in prolonged responses to COVID-19.

scholarly journals I’ll be Good for Grandma: Institutional and Relational Trust and COVID-19 Restriction Compliance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derly M Andrade-Molina ◽  
Juan Carlos Fernandez-Cadena ◽  
Mario A Fernandez ◽  
Lauren A Rhodes ◽  
Gonzalo E Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Relational Trust ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
Unique Dataset

Abstract behavior with health campaigns. We examine Guayaquil, Ecuador which was hit particularly hard in the first few months of the pandemic. As lockdowns and social distancing led families to rely on others to secure food or medical assistance, perceptions on trust and the dynamics of social capital during the initial (and worst) months of the pandemic were particularly important. Methods: This paper uses a unique dataset of people receiving a COVID test after suspicion of infection. People in our dataset were active during the height of the pandemic and faced the possibility of needing to rely on others in the case of testing positive. We use regression analysis to study the relation between compliance with mobility restrictions and institutional and relational trust.Results: We find that trusting that close relations (such as family) will be there for you in the case of falling ill is associated with a significant increase in the probability of complying with health campaigns. Additionally, we find that trust in the government has a weak relationship to compliance. However, compliance decreases when examining increased trust in the police but increases with trust in the military.Conclusions: The findings show that enhancing trust may improve compliance with social distancing measures. However, increasing trust in specific groups could have negative consequences. Importantly, compliance could be increased by emphasizing in campaigns that your behavior could influence the health of those who you care about.

scholarly journals Correlation of Population Factors, Compliance With Masking and Social Distance, Vaccination and Covid-19 Infection in Central Appalachia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Suzanne Moore ◽  
Hibah Virk ◽  
Jeffrey A Summers
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Central Appalachia ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Sex Perception

Abstract BackgroundCompliance with guidelines, including the use of masks and social distancing and vaccinations has been poor. Our study examined what factors may identify those who will be more or less compliant especially with regards to those with identified higher risk. MethodsA telephone survey of 200 adult patients from two practices, one General Internal Medicine and the other Rheumatology, was performed in May and June of 2021. Questions included age, sex, perception of immunocompetence, smoking history, mask and social distancing compliance, Covid-19 symptoms and/or test proven infection, and immunization status for Covid-19. Those agreeing to participate also had a chart review for body mass index (BMI), physician assessed immunocompetence, and diabetes.ResultsNo clinical factors approached statistical significance for prediction of compliance or non-compliance. However, compliance with mask and social distancing highly correlated with vaccination and avoidance of infection.ConclusionAttempts to improve compliance cannot be focused on any of the particular groups examined in this study.

scholarly journals Exploring Predictors of Social Distancing Compliance in the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Alexa C. Hansen ◽  
Charlotte V. Farewell ◽  
Jennifer S. Jewell ◽  
Jenn A. Leiferman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
The United States ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Social Distancing

Abstract Objective: Through the application of the Health Belief Model, this study sought to explore how relationships between perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefits of social distancing recommendations, as well as psychological factors, may impact compliance with COVID-19 social distancing recommendations in the United States. Methods: Between October and November 2020, a convenience sample of English-speaking adults in the United States completed an online, cross-sectional survey which included items assessing beliefs around threats (e.g., perceived susceptibility and severity), response efficacy, (e.g., perceived benefits), psychological factors (e.g., stress and COVID-specific anxiety), and compliance with social distancing measures (e.g., avoiding social gatherings). Results: Social distancing compliance was positively associated with perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 (b =.42, p < .05) and perceived benefits of social distancing recommendations (b = .81, p < .01). No significant associations were found between perceived severity of COVID-19 (p = .38), general stress (p = .28), COVID-19-related anxiety (p = .12) and compliance. Conclusions: Findings suggest that perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 and perceived benefits of social distancing measures significantly increased compliance with social distancing recommendations in this convenience sample of U.S. adults.

scholarly journals Human Responses to Covid-19: The Role of Optimism Bias, Perceived Severity, and Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iro Fragkaki ◽  
Dominique F. Maciejewski ◽  
Esther Weijman ◽  
Jonas Feltes ◽  
Maaike Cima
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Optimism Bias ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, the governments are trying to contain the spread with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing rules, restrictions, and lockdowns. In an effort to identify factors that may influence population adherence to NPIs, we examined the role of optimism bias, anxiety, and perceived severity of the situation in relation to engagement in protective behavioral changes and satisfaction with governments’ response to this pandemic. We conducted an online survey in 935 participants (Mage = 34.44; 68.88% females) that was disseminated in April and May 2020 in the Netherlands, Germany, Greece, and USA. Individuals with high optimism bias engaged less in behavioral changes, whereas individuals with high levels of anxiety and high perceived severity engaged more in behavioral changes. Individuals with high optimism bias and individuals with high levels of anxiety were less satisfied with the governments’ response, albeit for different reasons. Individuals who reported low perceived severity and low government satisfaction engaged the least in behavioral changes, whereas participants who reported high perceived severity and low government satisfaction engaged the most in behavioral changes. This study contributes to a better understanding of the psychological factors that influence people’s responses to NPIs.

scholarly journals Violating social distancing amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Psychological factors to improve compliance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Esther Machado Farias ◽  
Ronaldo Pilati
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Political Partisanship ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Need For Support

Social distancing is one of the most effective measures to prevent coronavirus from rapidly spreading. Our analysis investigates the role of some variables (political partisanship, income, professional status, social norms, and intolerance of uncertainty) in intentions of not complying with social distancing measures, which can lead to higher infection rates and to compromising the capacity of health systems worldwide. We applied an online questionnaire to 2,056 Brazilian participants. Our findings indicate that individuals that support right-wing parties, have lower wages, are currently unemployed, and have a higher intolerance of uncertainty tendency are more prone to violating social distancing measures. Social norms also play a significant role on the intentions but only when using ingroup members (family and friends) as referents. On the basis of our findings, we discuss the need for support from relevant political figures to social distancing policies. We also indicate that providing psychological support and cash transfer programs may increase compliance with physical distancing. Plus, our results indicate that initiatives to persuade individuals to stay at home would be more effective if they focus on ingroup members.

scholarly journals Wearing a face mask against Covid-19 results in a reduction of social distancing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243023
Author(s):  
Alice Cartaud ◽  
François Quesque ◽  
Yann Coello
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Risk Areas

In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, barrier gestures such as regular hand-washing, social distancing, and wearing a face mask are highly recommended. Critically, interpersonal distance (IPD) depends on the affective dimension of social interaction, which might be affected by the current Covid-19 context. In the present internet-based experimental study, we analyzed the preferred IPD of 457 French participants when facing human-like characters that were either wearing a face mask or displaying a neutral, happy or angry facial expression. Results showed that IPD was significantly reduced when characters were wearing a face mask, as they were perceived as more trustworthy compared to the other conditions. Importantly, IPD was even more reduced in participants infected with Covid-19 or living in low-risk areas, while it was not affected by the predicted health of the characters. These findings shed further light on the psychological factors that motivate IPD adjustments, in particular when facing a collective threat. They are also of crucial importance for policy makers as they reveal that despite the indisputable value of wearing a face mask in the current pandemic context, their use should be accompanied by an emphasis on social distancing to prevent detrimental health consequences.

How to Psychologically Minimize Scratching Impulses

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Sölle ◽  
Theresa Bartholomäus ◽  
Margitta Worm ◽  
Regine Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Complaints ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Placebo Model

Research in recent years, especially in the analgesic field, has intensively studied the placebo effect and its mechanisms. It has been shown that physical complaints can be efficiently reduced via learning and cognitive processes (conditioning and expectancies). However, despite evidence demonstrating a large variety of physiological similarities between pain and itch, the possible transfer of the analgesic placebo model to itch has not yet been widely discussed in research. This review therefore aims at highlighting potential transfers of placebo mechanisms to itch processes by demonstrating the therapeutic issues in pharmacological treatments for pruritus on a physiological basis and by discussing the impact of psychological mechanisms and psychological factors influencing itch sensations.

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