СУЧАСНІ ВИКЛИКИ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ТА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The article provides insights into the modern aspects and challenges of economic globalization that triggers a fundamental change in the world economic order, as well as demonstrates the emergence of a new global economic culture, a new type of economic consciousness and a new type of international relations. In this context, exploring globalization processes and identifying their patterns seems especially relevant. The study reveals that within on-going globalization settings, the scale of international economic relations demonstrates a rapidly growing trend, the number of their immediate participants is increasing, the forms of these relationships are being updated and getting more complicated. It is observed that in the vulnerable market economic environment with intensified international competition there are more and more common issues to be addressed by joint efforts in searching for effective solutions, moreover, there are certain conflicts arising that can be resolved only at the regional and multilateral levels. A special emphasis is put on the need to integrate collective efforts of international organizations and forums through economic diplomacy which will contribute to finding the best compromise between governments to meet the interests of all or most of stakeholders in the world community, for many countries this will mean to benefit from international mechanisms and procedures, and reducing adverse effects from TNC activities to engross the advantages of globalization. The study findings have verified that from international economic relations perspectives, among fundamental reasons behind business globalization are the advances in computer and communication technology which exchanging of ideas and information between different countries, expand consumer awareness of foreign-made products. The study also demonstrates how cable systems in Europe and Asia facilitate firms in many countries to shape simultaneously both regional and sometimes global demand, and global communication networks allow them coordinating production and aligning common goals worldwide while companies located in different parts of the world produce the same end product. It is argued that reducing customs barriers to investment and trade by the vast majority of governments proves effective in launching in new markets for international export companies that offer opportunities and capacities for local producers. Apart from the above, the study has traced a trend towards unification and socialization of the global community. In particular, it is observed that continuous changes in the governance paradigm as well as in the international environment impose an integrated effect upon social, political and mental aspects of national interests. It is concluded that building a conceptual framework of national and international interests is a complex and long-term process influenced by geopolitical, economic, socio-cultural and psychological factors, being adjusted through the system of social values and reflected in research studies and manifestations of collective consciousness. From this perspective, the key aspects of national and international security have been explored.

Examining Social Exchange Theory and Social Change in the Works of George Caspar Homans – Implications for the State and Global Inequalities in the World Economic Order

This paper focuses on the critical investigation of ‘Social Exchange theory’ and ‘Social Change’ in the works of George Homans. The objectives are to appropriate the interpenetrations of the twin concepts, and their implications towards the amelioration of the human condition both within the state, and within the global socio-economic relations. Thus, the paper achieves its objectives by applying a qualitative-critical descriptive method of analysis on the subject matter –with a critique from Peter Blau’s variant perspective for helpful extrapolations to explaining human condition within the state, and globally. The paper made some findings, draws conclusions, and recommendations. A few of these findings include 1) the propensities of breaching the norm of reciprocity in social exchange process are higher than the tendencies to maintain the norm; 2) at the breach of the norm of reciprocity, there are higher risks of losses than the gains, and there are immanent implications; 3).That societal progress can also emerge via resistance to an ‘apopular’ status quo. The paper concluded that, there is a semblance of order when the norm of reciprocity is observed among nations, and within nations; but moments of aggression exists with immanent crisis-tendencies that are anti-development where the norm is violated. Therefore, the paper recommends: the state should be committed to its part of the social contract with the citizenry in terms of provisions of human-centered development facilities; and where the state loses the sanctity of its legitimacy and turns to a ‘class-state’, counter-reactions and resistance from the subaltern classes (the civil society) through protests for progressive social change or for the improvement of the human condition, should not be discouraged. Additionally, the advanced nations should recognize the socioeconomic rights of the less developed nations for a fair deal in the global economic relations. Received: 29 November 2021 / Accepted: 28 December 2021 / Published: 5 January 2022

The New Concept of Disruptive Logistics

In an increasingly disruptive global environment, marked by the potential development of the Post-New World Economic Order, more innovative, effective, and efficient logistics solutions are demanded. It is necessary to offer radical improvements in logistics services through new models. It is considered necessary to define the new concept of disruptive logistics based on three fundamental pillars: globalization, digitization, and sustainability. This chapter aims to address the new concept, more effective and efficient, in a highly turbulent environment that has become disruptive, with unpredictable, substantial, and impactful changes. The most significant geoeconomics aspects that would condition a hypothetical Post-New World Economic Order are analyzed, the main factors of the global sustainable logistics are studied, and the development of the concepts of Logistics 4.0 and Supply Chain Management 4.0 is reviewed. Finally, as a result, the main aspects of the proposed new concept are analyzed.

Business Model Creation for Cost Saving in the New World Economic Order

Globalization and economy features in this new world economic order due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic crisis involve taking into account new ideas and proposals to keep the market share and to fight against competition. It is very important to consider and evaluate the business model of a company to drive all the objectives and the strategy towards the aimed position in the market to assure the market share in the future. Evaluation and analysis of a business model, together with new proposals regarding it may help a company to achieve all the objectives and to increase its competitiveness in the market.

Organizational Components That Explain the Strategic Direction of SMEs for a New World Economic Order

This chapter aims to show some concepts related to the importance of planning and strategic direction as a fundamental tool for the sustainability of Colombian SMEs for a new world economic order and present the proportionality relationship between this concept of strategic management and the organizational components. Keys that explain it and facilitate its development, considering the modernization model for managing organizations (MMOM), were developed by a group of researchers from the EAN University in Bogotá-Colombia. It was found that market management, organizational culture, organizational structure, and knowledge and innovation management are the components that a high percentage explain the strategic direction of this type of company on which priority improvement and innovation activities should be developed in such a way ways that allow strategies to develop more smoothly to achieve business objectives of effectiveness, efficiency, profitability, and sustainable development.

Arrighi’s Theory of systemic cycles of capital accumulation as a mechanism of cyclical development of the Global Economy

The article uses the methodology of systemic global analysis and the theory of systemic cycles of capital accumulation to argue that we are now at a turning point of the modern era in connection with the unfolding change in the dominant world economic order. Based on the methodological approach, within the framework of which there is a hegemonic country and the rest of the world, the forecast regarding the forthcoming multipolarity of the world economy is rejected. Various stages of capital and financial expansion with their inherent, respectively, dirigistic and liberal models of state regulation of the economy are compared to each other. A chronological overview of the Spanish-Genoese, Dutch, British, American and Asian accumulation cycles is presented. The patterns of their change in the course of the formation of new technological structures are revealed. The place of Russia in the process of natural evolution of world economic structures is also identified. The objective and subjective reasons for the longterm hegemony of the United States, as well as factors of the upcoming completion of the American cycle of capital accumulation in the foreseeable future, are revealed. The author outlines the tactics employed by the American authorities to counteract the objective hegemonic cycles. The reasons for the movement of the center of the world economy to the East Asian region are revealed, with the justification of the need for a natural inclusion of Russia in the functioning of the Asian world economic order.

A New World Economic order formation

Every few decades, the world order changes due to various geopolitical, economic and other circumstances. For example, as a result of globalization, the world order has undergone significant changes in the last forty years. Globalization has led to the destruction of the postwar world order, as well as to world leadership by the United States and the West. However, in recent decades, as a result of globalization, the U.S. and the West began to cede their leadership to developing countries, so there is now a change in the economic structure of relations in the world system. Today the center of economic growth is in the East, namely in Asia. There are no new superpowers in the world at the moment, but the unipolar world will cease to exist due to the weakening of the U. S. leadership, which will lead to a change in the world order. A new leader, which may replace the U. S., will not have as wide range of advantages as the USA has. Most likely, the essence of the new order will be to unite the largest countries and alliances into blocks, for example, the USA together with the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the EU, etc. The article outlines forecasts of GDP growth rates as well as the global energy outlook; analyzes the LNG market as well as the impact of the pandemic on the global oil and gas market; and lists the characteristics of U. S. geopolitics.

The relationship between spirituality and technocentrism in the inclusive development of business entities

The purpose of the article is to analyse the evolution of society and the economy as a result of changes in the relationship between factors associated with technology on the one hand and spirituality and morality on the other. The technocentric orientation of civilization increases cyclically, while moral aspects are on the decline. The spiritual foundation of society ensures its stable development. The authors consider the structure of the capitalist society, which has entered a systemic crisis aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and focus on possible changes in the development of economic entities under inclusive capitalism and a new world economic order. Risks associated with these changes and possible ways of avoiding destructive consequences are also addressed. The above considerations are analysed with regard to the problems of reforming the Ukrainian economy at this stage of its development.

Russia at the Turn of the World Economy

The purpose of this study is to determine and substantiate the importance of deepening cooperation between the Russian Federation and the countries of the Asian region in modern conditions. The work emphasizes and substantiates the importance of the development of integration processes in the formation of a strategy for international cooperation of states in the context of global socio-economic and political restructuring. The general world tendencies influencing the Russian economy in the conditions of a gradual transition to a new world economic order are given. The article examines the policy pursued by the state that can influence its place within the framework of the new integral world economic order. The paper describes the transformation and structure of relations between the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) with the countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the context of the emerging concept of the Greater Eurasian Partnership and the change in the world economic order.When preparing the work, first of all, we used a logical, factorial, statistical analysis, synthesis, a systematic approach.The scientific novelty of the work consists in defining and describing Russia’s potential within the framework of the transition to a new world economic order, taking into account a combination of factors, namely: its position in the Eurasian Economic Union, the implementation of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025, the development of cooperation with the SCO and ASEAN states, as well as conjugation of the EAEU and the One Belt, One Road project.