Molecular identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in animals in central and western Thailand

Background Pentatrichomonas hominis inhabits the digestive tracts of several vertebrates, such as humans, monkeys, pigs, dogs, cats and rats. This protozoan was originally considered a commensal of the digestive tract but has subsequently been identified as a potential zoonotic parasite and a causative agent of diarrhoea. Molecular techniques are considered more sensitive and specific to detect P. hominis. This study aimed to determine the presence and genetic diversity of P. hominis in animals in Thailand. A total of 403 faecal samples were collected from 119 cats, 55 dogs, 73 goats, 35 monkeys, 55 cattle and 66 pigs, and the presence of P. hominis was determined using the nested polymerase chain reaction method. Sequence analysis of small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes was used to determine the genotype of the organism. Results Twenty-six samples (26/403, 6.45%) were positive for P. hominis. The highest prevalence was found in cats (21/119; 17.65%), followed by cattle (3/55; 5.45%) and dogs (2/55; 3.64%). Seven out of 26 nucleotides demonstrated 100% sequence identity with existing sequences; additionally, 16 novel sequence patterns were identified. All nucleotide sequences of P. hominis-positive samples were shown in the same branch with the previously described P. hominis sequences found in humans, dogs and goat. Conclusion This is the first study on P. hominis infections in animals in Thailand. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of P. hominis was significantly higher in cats than in cattle and dogs. Cats were the main reservoir host; however, P. hominis can infect several kinds of animals. Therefore, the proper waste management of animals is necessary to reduce and prevent infection in the community.

Parasitosis intestinal con predominio de flagelados comensales, en indígenas Waraos, estado Delta Amacuro, Venezuela

Las poblaciones de indígenas Waraos del Bajo Delta, adolecen de servicios sanitarios óptimos que le permitan diagnosticar y prevenir las enteroparasitosis. Objetivo: determinar la Prevalencia de Parasitosis Intestinal (PPI), frecuencia y diversidad de especies de los enteroparásitos presentes, con énfasis en los flagelados comensales. Métodos: se estudiaron 51 pacientes de la Etnia Warao (21 del sexo femenino y 30 masculino) con edades comprendidas entre los 2 meses y los 68 años, a los cuales se le realizaron exámenes coproparasitológicos, con las técnicas de la solución salina 0,85%, lugol y la técnica de Kato. Resultados: se obtuvo un PPI del 100%, donde los protozoarios diagnosticados fueron: Endolimax nana (58,8% de las muestras analizadas), Blastocystis sp. (56,9%), Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (41,2%), Entamoeba coli (29,4%), Iodamoeba butschlii (25,5%), Pentatrichomonas hominis/Trichomonas hominis (17,6%), Giardia lamblia /Giardia intestinalis (15,7%), Chilomastix mesnili (11,8%), Balantidium coli (2%) y Entamoeba hartmani (2%). Los helmintos encontrados fueron: Ascaris lumbricoides (25,5%), Trichuris trichiura (5,9%) y Uncinarias sp. (2%). Conclusiones: la PPI y la frecuencia de Pentatrichomonas hominis y Chilomastix mesnili son de las más altas reportadas para Venezuela en los últimos años, indicadores de la difícil situación sanitaria de esta etnia.

Molecular prevalence of trichomonad species from pet shop puppies and kittens in Japan

Pentatrichomonas hominis and Tritrichomonas foetus (cat genotype) have been commonly identified as intestinal trichomonads in both dogs and cats. Although P. hominis is considered as non-pathogenic protozoa in many kinds of mammals, it has the potential for zoonotic transmission. T. foetus has been recognized as the emerging causative agent of diarrhea in cats without the risk of zoonotic transmission. As pet shops are the major source of young companion animals, the present study discusses the molecular prevalence of P. hominis and T. foetus from 544 pet shop puppies and 409 kittens. The results suggest that the prevalence of P. hominis (puppies: 7.0%; kittens: 0.5%) and T. foetus (puppies: 0%; kittens: 2.4%) in pet shop young animals are low. In addition, the infections of P. hominis and T. foetus are not always associated with the clinical signs (soft or diarrhea feces).

Protozoan genital invasions caused by the representatives of trichomonas and giardia

The aim was to perform systematic review of genitourinary protozoan invasion and analyze their pathogenicity and the ability to influence the genitourinary infections. Materials and methods: For systematic review of papers the EMBASE and PubMed databases were searched. We also reviewed our own pilot studies using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine Trichomonas tenax, Pentatrichomonas hominis and Giardia lamblia. Conclusions: Trichomonas tenax, Pentatrichomonas hominis, Giardia lamblia can cause genitourinary invasion in addition to Trichomonas vaginalis. Their eradication is obligatory at least for not keeping intact pathogenic microorganisms phagocyted by Trichomonas spp. Defining the protozoan forms is important in preventing of genital infections recurrences and reinfections.

Treatment of genital invasions caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas tenax, Pentatrichomonas hominis, G. lamblia

Objective. The study of the prevalence and clinical man­ifestations of T. tenax, P. hominis, along with T. vagina­lis and G. lamblia invasions among patients with STIs, and development of their treatment method with the use of secnidazole, ornidazole and ciprofloxacin. Materials and methods. With the help of the PCR method, 314 patients with inflammation of the genitourinary system have been studied. Results and discussion. The geni­tourinary system protozoan invasions have been detect­ed in 106 patients among 314 patients with STIs - that is, more than in a third (33.8 %), namely: T. tenax - in 26 (8.3 %), P. hominis - in 67 (21.3 %), G. lamblia - in 21 patients (6.7 %). The proposed treatment allows for the clinical recovery in 92.2 % and bacteriological sanita­tion - in 96.1 %. Conclusions: Protozoan invasions are rather common among patients with STIs. The proposed method of their treatment is sufficiently effective.

Protozoynye invasion of urogenital system in combine with bacterial vaginosis agents by women of fertil age and their sexual partners

Study of protozoyny invazions of the uroganital system with combination of microorganisms which are associated with bacterial vaginosis by women of fertil age and their sexual partners men is perspective direction of modern medicine. The development of this direction can increase the level of diagnostic inspection of patients by transmissible mainly sexual way infections and improve of efficiency of their treatment. The objective: exposure of combine defeats of uroganital system with different kinds of trichomonas or lamblias and microorganisms which are associated with bacterial vaginosis, for the women of fertil age and their sexual partners – men. All patients have infections, transmissible mainly sexual way with a chronic process and their treatment. Materials and methods. The special research of biomaterial, taken from the urogenital system of women of fertil age and their sexual partners-men, patients infections, transmissible mainly sexual way with a chronic process is conducted. 198 patients were inspected in clinic. Used the method of PCR, amplifier of DT-96, reagents of «Femoflor-16», praymeris for the indication of Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas tenax, Pentatrichomonas hominis and Giardia lamblia. Results. Protozoyny invasions of the urogenital system determined at 88 (44.4%) of patients. At 77 (38.8%) from them determined the differet kinds of trichomonadies: Trichomonas tenax – at 41 (20.7%), Pentatrichomonas hominis – at 28 (14.1%), Trichomonas vaginalis – at 8 (4%). Giardia lamblia determined from 11 patients (5.6%). For 92% inspected patients with a protozoal invasions were determined the increassng of indexes of microflora, associated with bacterial vaginosis. The treatment of combine pathology of urogenital system which are caused different kinds trichomonades and microorganisms, which associated with BV, were conducted with etiotropic therapy. Seknidox used 2 tablets one time per day during 5 days. Orcipol used 1 tablets 3 or 2 times per a day (depending on weight) during 10 days. In research took part 56 patients with chronic ITSW. By 54 patients (96.4%) were eliminated of trichomonas. The normalization microflora’s level is attained for a 31 (57.4%) patient. Decrease of mocroflora’s, which associated with BV is marked by 24 patients (42.6%). Conclusions. This original method of treatment, is effective, has satisfactory bearableness and can be recommended for empiric therapy of combined pathology of urogenital system, caused of protozoyny invasions (different kinds of trichomonas) and microorganisms, associated with bacterial vaginosis, for the women of fertil age and their sexual partners with chronic infections, transmissible mainly sexual a way. This agents have a certain role in development of diseases of the urogenital system. Key words: Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas tenax, Pentatrichomonas hominis, Giardia lamblia, invasion, fertil age.