The Influence of the Gender Asterisk (“Gendersternchen”) on Comprehensibility and Interest

Recently, the gender asterisk (“Gendersternchen”) has become more widespread in grammatical gender languages in order to represent all genders. Such gender-fair language is intended to help better address women and other genders and make their interests and achievements more visible. Critics often argue this would make the language less comprehensible and less aesthetically appealing. Two experiments examined the effects of the gender asterisk on text comprehensibility, aesthetic perception, and interest. N = 159 and N = 127 participants were randomly provided with a text in either masculine-only form or alternatively in gender-fair language with the gender asterisk. The results of the first experiment showed no impairment of comprehensibility and aesthetic evaluation of the texts by the gender asterisk and no effect on interest in the game, while the second experiment showed significant impairments of comprehensibility, aesthetic evaluation, and interest in the game by the gender asterisk. The proportion of singular forms is discussed as a possible explanation for the different results. Experiment 1 predominantly used plural forms like die Spieler*innen (∼“the fe*male players”) and did not include forms such as der*die Spieler*in (∼“the*the fe*male player”), whereas Experiment 2 included many such more complex singular forms. We argue that this issue might be crucial, and that it deserves full attention in future studies.

KORELASI AKTIFITAS FISIK DAN KOMPOSISI TUBUH DENGAN DAYA TAHAN JANTUNG PARU

Pencak silat refers to performance sport requiring good physical condition. This study objective was to investigate the correlation between the physical activities and the body composition (fat percentage) to the cardiopulmonary endurance in female and male player-categorized athletes of pencak silat at Pelatda PON XVII Jawa Barat. The subjects of the study consisted of 20 pelatda athletes. The athletes conducted test of cardiopulmonary endurance using Astrand’s bench, daily intake was measured by food records 7x24 hours, physical activity was measured by activity records 7x24 hours, body composition was measured by skinfold calliper. The data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. The conclusion, there were a close positive correlation of the physical activity to the cardiopulmonary endurance of all subjects, there was also a close negative correlation of the body composition (fat percentage) to the cardiopulmonary endurance of male athletes, while a weak positive correlation of female athletes.

PLAYING WHILE FEMALE: RE-READING IDENTITY FIXATIONS IN OVERWATCH

In early 2019, Overwatch professional player, “Ellie” quit playing just weeks after having been named to one of the teams seeded into the professional league. The harassment cited as a reason to leave was related especially to whether or not “Ellie” was truly “female”. Not much later, Ellie was revealed (and confirmed by Blizzard, the parent company of Overwatch) to be an account created by a male player. This paper sets out to map the controversy that ensued from a self-styled “social experiment” of playing while female. This paper brings this current “revelation” into conversation with past, more fully embodied/manufactured identities to better understand why this case is particularly important to internet studies. To this end, we begin by briefly describing some earlier, more familiar cases of people revealed to be someone other than, in online spaces, they said they were. Then, we further outline the instance of Ellie: its uptake by mainstream media, prominent Youtubers and Twitch streamers, and its discussion on internet forums like Reddit and 4Chan. Paying particular attention to the ways these discussions frame the “trick” played in disguising Ellie’s ‘true’ identity (singular), we suggest that this kind of case has always been galvanized by an underlying conviction that the best gamers are always and only men, and one contribution internet scholarship can make here is to show how these discursive patterns are unhelpful in understanding contemporary identificatory politics and practices in online spaces.

KORELASI AKTIFITAS FISIK DAN KOMPOSISI TUBUH DENGAN DAYA TAHAN JANTUNG PARU

Pencak silat refers to performance sport requiring good physical condition. This study objective was to investigate the correlation between the physical activities and the body composition (fat percentage) to the cardiopulmonary endurance in female and male player-categorized athletes of pencak silat at Pelatda PON XVII Jawa Barat. The subjects of the study consisted of 20 pelatda athletes. The athletes conducted test of cardiopulmonary endurance using Astrands bench, daily intake was measured by food records 7x24 hours, physical activity was measured by activity records 7x24 hours, body composition was measured by skinfold calliper. The data was analyzed using Pearsons correlation test. The conclusion, there were a close positive correlation of the physical activity to the cardiopulmonary endurance of all subjects, there was also a close negative correlation of the body composition (fat percentage) to the cardiopulmonary endurance of male athletes, while a weak positive correlation of female athletes.

الهوية الرياضية والتماسك الجماعي لدى فرق الألعاب الرياضية الجماعية في الجامعات الفلسطينية "جامعة خضوري انموذجا"

The aim of this study was to identify the differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities "Kadoorei University is a model" according to gender and game type variables. The study carried out on purposive sample consisted of (77) players. The researchers carried out tow scales for measuring sport identity and team cohesion. To analyse data, they used spss program. The results of the study revealed the following: The level of sport identity and their three domains among study sample were very high but it was high for group cohesion. There were significant differences in sport identity among team sport games at Palestinian universities "Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender variable in favor of male player, but there weren’t significant differences in group cohesion according to game type variable. There were significant differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities “Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender game type variables. Based on the study findings, the researchers recommended making similar study on individual sport games at Palestinian universities.

الهوية الرياضية والتماسك الجماعي لدى فرق الألعاب الرياضية الجماعية في الجامعات الفلسطينية "جامعة خضوري انموذجا"

The aim of this study was to identify the differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities "Kadoorei University is a model" according to gender and game type variables. The study carried out on purposive sample consisted of (77) players. The researchers carried out tow scales for measuring sport identity and team cohesion. To analyse data, they used spss program. The results of the study revealed the following: The level of sport identity and their three domains among study sample were very high but it was high for group cohesion. There were significant differences in sport identity among team sport games at Palestinian universities "Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender variable in favor of male player, but there weren’t significant differences in group cohesion according to game type variable. There were significant differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities “Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender game type variables. Based on the study findings, the researchers recommended making similar study on individual sport games at Palestinian universities.

American Football Sets Players’ Body Mass Index

Objectives. Document American football, National Football League (NFL), Lean State (LS) or Heavy State (FS) Public High School (PHS), sets similar player position mean body mass indexes (BMI). Review health risks related to BMI. Methods. Public accessible 2014-2015 football rosters were used to calculate individual player’s BMI for four PHS teams about each LS and FS Capital City and 32 NFL teams. Mean BMI were compared for male player positions: quarterback (Q), backfield (B), and line (L) players. Results. Q, B, and L mean BMI were not significantly different for LS and FS PHS and NFL, but mean BMI was significantly ( P < .01) different for Q or B versus L. Conclusion. Football sets similar BMI for player positions with PHS line prone to obese BMI (considered healthy for NFL players) regardless of regional BMI trends. We propose PHS football set player BMI upper limit 30 to support public health and sports safety goals.

Mustache as Resistance: Representation and Reception of Mei Lanfang’s Masculinity

Mei Lanfang, the internationally renowned male player of female roles, astonished those who were concerned about his personal and professional well being during the Second Sino-Japanese War by growing a mustache. At the empirical level, the mustache signaled a dismissal of the androgynous glamour for which Mei’s body was best known. At the allegorical level, Mei’s wartime mustache foregrounded an unyielding and unmistakably masculine Chinese body.