Happiness Inequality Among a Sample of Iranian Older Population

This study evaluates the happiness inequality among older Iranians using concentration index analysis. A total of 739 people aged 60–90 years completed the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) questionnaire. The SES variables were constructed using nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) based on all related variables. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that persons in the SES quintiles 3–4, urban dwellers, literate, and with no underlying disease had higher odds of happiness than others. Based on the estimated concentration indices, there was inequality in happiness based on SES levels (concentration index [95% confidence Interval]: 0.14 [0.10, 0.19]; p < .05). Our results revealed that happiness in the older population was probably more prevalent among people with higher SES levels.

MEDIA USE AND HAPPINESS IN SERBIA

The Annual Attitude Examination Survey consisting of 366 questions was deployed on nationally representative sample in Serbia to get 2608 responses on the Oxford Happiness Inventory and Multiple Lickert scale questions concerning attitudes, fears, media use and closeness of different social categories to the participants. Research results confirm all hypotheses. Quantity of television use is negatively correlated to happiness. As for the quality of newspapers use, those consuming contents such as culture, sports and IT are happier than others. When looking at television use, individuals that prefer programs such as cartoons, culture, music, fashion, science, IT and sports are happier than others. This is the first research examining relationship of happiness and quality of media use. Future research should encompass data from online social networks in order to see how positive and negative emotions of media users are related to media content they are exposed to.

Measurement Invariance and Psychometric Analysis of Oxford Happiness Inventory Scale across Gender and Marital Status

Background. The Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) is a self-report tool to measure happiness. A brief review of previous studies on OHI showed the lack of evaluation of OHI fairness/equivalence in measuring happiness among identified groups. Methods. To examine the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the OHI, responses of 500 university students were analyzed using item response theory and ordinal logistic regression (OLR). Relevant measures of effect size were utilized to interpret the results. Differential test functioning was also evaluated to determine whether there is an overall bias at the test level. Results. OLR analysis detected four items across gender and two items across marital status to function differentially. An assessment of effect sizes implied negligible differences for practical considerations. Conclusions. This study was a significant step towards providing theoretical and practical information regarding the assessment of happiness by presenting adequate evidence regarding the psychometric properties of OHI.

Pengaruh Orientasi Religius, Hardiness, dan Quality of Friendship Terhadap Kebahagiaan Santri

Happiness is a life’s goal for everyone. It also has an important role in the educational environment, especially for individuals who live in boarding schools. Happiness could escalate student’s motivation especially in learning and indirectly influence student’s activities while staying in boarding schools. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are influences from religious orientation (intrinsic and extrinsic), hardiness (commitment, control, and challenge), and quality of friendship (stimulating companionship, help, intimacy, reliable alliance, self validation, and emotional security) towards the happiness of santri. This research involved 240 students from boarding schools in Bandung. The sampling technique used in this study is non probability sampling. The questionnaires for measuring happiness using OHI (Oxford Happiness Inventory), religious orientation using ROS (Religious Orientation Scale), hardiness using hardiness scale (how hardy are you?), and quality of friendship using MFQ FF (Mcgrill Friendship Questionnaire - Friend’s Functions). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test the validity of each item in the questionnaire from LISREL8.7 software. While statistical testing using multiple regression analysis of SPSS 17 software. Based on the results of the data analysis, there was a significant influence of religious orientation, hardiness, and quality of friendship on students' happiness. AbstrakKebahagiaan merupakan tujuan hidup bagi semua orang. Kebahagiaan juga memiliki peran penting dalam lingkungan pendidikan khususnya bagi individu yang tinggal di pondok pesantren. Dengan adanya kebahagiaan dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan secara tidak langsung dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh para santri selama berada di pondok pesantren. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh dari orientasi religius (intrinsik dan ekstrinsik), hardiness (commitment, control, dan challenge), dan quality of friendship (stimulating companionship, help, intimacy, reliable alliance, self validation, dan emotional security) terhadap kebahagiaan santri. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 240 santri pondok pesantren modern di Bandung. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah non probability sampling. Untuk alat ukur kebahagiaan menggunakan OHI (Oxford Happiness Inventory), orientasi religius menggunakan ROS (Religious Orientation Scale), hardiness menggunakan hardiness scale (how hardy are you?), dan quality of friendship menggunakan MFQ FF (Mcgrill Friendship Questionnaire - Friend’s Functions). Uji validitas alat ukur menggunakan teknik Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) dengan bantuan software LISREL8.7. Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis regresi berganda dengan bantuan software SPSS 17. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh kesimpulan penelitian ada pengaruh yang signifikan orientasi religius, hardiness, dan quality of friendship terhadap kebahagiaan santri.

Correlation of happiness and professional autonomy in Iranian nurses

Background Happiness and professional autonomy in nurses increase job satisfaction, reduce turnover and improve the quality of healthcare services. Aims The present study aimed to examine the correlation between happiness and professional autonomy in Iranian nurses. Methods This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 371 nurses in 2017. The participants were selected via two-step random sampling. Data were collected using the Oxford Happiness Inventory and Dempster Practice Behaviors Scale within the score ranges of 0–87 and 30–150, respectively. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16. Results Mean score of happiness among nurses was 43.1 ± 13.3 and the mean score of professional autonomy was 96.4 ± 13.5. According to Pearson's correlation coefficient, professional autonomy had a positive, significant correlation with happiness ( r = 0.481; p < 0.001). In addition, the results of regression analysis indicated that professional autonomy could predict 23% of the happiness variance in the nurses ( p < 0.001). Conclusions According to the results, the level of happiness in Iranian nurses was favourable, whereas the level of professional autonomy was moderate. Considering the significant correlation between happiness and professional autonomy, attention should be paid to the simultaneous enhancement of these variables to improve the efficiency of nursing care.

Causal Relationship Modeling of the Implicit Theories of Emotion and Emotion Regulation in View of the Cognitive Reappraisal Strategy and Happiness

The purpose of this study was to unveil the causal relationship modeling of the implicit theories of emotion and emotion regulation in view of cognitive reappraisal strategy and happiness for the students of the Jordanian University of Science and Technology (JUST). Based on scientific foundations, the study has constructed a proposed causal relationship model using path analysis for interpreting happiness. To achieve this goal, the emotion regulation, by Gross and John (2003), the implicit theories of emotion Scale of Livingstone, (2012), and the Oxford Happiness Inventory were employed. The sample consisted of 350 students who were chosen on availability grounds. The results of the study showed no statistically significant differences between the proposed and the optimal causal relationship models due to high matches on: AGFI=0.90, NFI=0.98, GFI=0.99, TLI =0.933, CFI=0.99, RMR=0.022. Thus, the model explained the relationships proposed and represented the optimal causal relationship model for the variables of the study.

Causal Relationship Modeling of the Big-Five Factors, Self-Efficacy, and Happiness of Jordan University of Science and Technology Students

The purpose of this study was to unveil the causal relationship of the big-five factors, self-efficacy and happiness for JUST students. Based on scientific foundations, it constructed a proposed causal relationship model using path analysis for interpreting happiness. To achieve this goal, the Big Five Factors by John, Donahue & Kentle, (1991), the General Self-Efficacy Scale of Schwarzer & Jerusalem, (1995), and Oxford Happiness Inventory were employed. The sample consisted of 377 students chosen on availability grounds. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the proposed and the optimal causal relationship models due to high matches on AGFI=0.942; NFI=0.986; RMSEA=0.069; GFI=0.994; IFI=0.991; TLI=0.933; and CFI=0.990. Thus, the model construes the relationships proposed and represents the optimal causal relationship model for the variables of the study.

HUBUNGAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DAN PEMAAFAN DENGAN KEBAHAGIAAN SUAMI ISTRI

The objective of this study is to examine whether or not there is a correlation between interpersonal communication and forgiveness and spouses happiness. The subject of this study was 200 spouses in Malang regency. Interpersonal Communication Inventory (ICI) was used to measure interpersonal communication, Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivation (TRIM) was used to measure forgiveness, and Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) was used to measure happiness. The result of the data analysis using multiple regression tests was that there is a positive and significant correlation between interpersonal communication and happiness, between forgiveness and happiness, between interpersonal communication and forgiveness and spouses happiness (R= .729, P= 0.000) Keywords: interpersonal communication, forgiveness, spouses happiness

Validation of the Arabic Version of the Oxford Happiness Inventory Among Undergraduates in Kuwait

IntroductionThe Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) 29-Item, each involving the selection of four options that are different for each item. Although there is an Arabic version, it is not identical to the original version in terms of the number of items and response.Objectivesto evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic adaptation OHI and its factorial structure in undergraduate sample.MethodsThe participants were 720 first year undergraduate Kuwaitis: 360 males mean age = 20.38 ± 1.60 and 360 females; mean age = 19.71 ± 1.39 (t = 5.87, P < 0.001). The Arabic version of OHI (Argyle, Martin, & Crossland) was administered to participants. The internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity of the OHI with Life Orientation Test (LOT-R, Adult Hope Scale (AHS), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were assessed as well as divergent validity of the OHI with Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)ResultsInternal consistency was satisfactory for the OHI (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87) for males and (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86) for females. The results revealed no significant gender differences on happiness (F = 1.77, P > 05). Principal component analyses (PCA) showed that a seven-component solution explains %50.50 of the total variance for males and 51.47% for females. The OHI positively correlates with the following variables: SWLS (r = .52), LOT-R (r = 0.56) AHS (r = .48) while the OHI correlates negatively with BDI-II (r = -54).ConclusionsFindings confirm that the OHI provides satisfactory validation, and thus it can be recommended as a measure of happiness among Arab samples.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.