Tipe Justifikasi Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika

This study aims to describe the Justification Type of Islamic primary school students in Learning There are three cognitive processes that occur in learning mathematics, namely (1) The process of acquiring new information (2) The process of transforming information received (3) Testing the relevance and accuracy of knowledge, The research approach used in this study is qualitative research. This study involved grade 5 Islamic primary school al Bahjah Tulungagung Students as research subjects. The instruments in this study were of two kinds, namely the main instrument and the assistive instrument. The main instrument is the researcher himself, while there are 2 (two) types of assistive instruments, namely: Mathematics Test and interview guidelines. The results of this study are descriptions of each type of justification, at the Assumption (2) Vague / broad statement stage. (3) Rule, (4) Procedural description. (5) Own explanation. In this study, one type of justification was found, namely the experiential connection.Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Tipe Justifikasi pada siswa SD dalam Pembelajaran Ada tiga proses kognitif yang terjadi dalam belajar, yaitu (1) Proses perolehan informasi baru (2) Proses mentransformasikan informasi yang diterima (3) Menguji relevansi dan ketepatan pengetahuan, Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini melibatkan 5 Siswa SD Islam Al Bahjah Tulungagung sebagai subjek penelitian. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini ada dua macam, yaitu instrumen utama dan instrumen bantu. Instrumen utama adalah peneliti sendiri, sedangkan instrumen bantu ada 2 (dua) macam, yaitu: Tes Matematika dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah deskripsi dari masing-masing tipe justifikasi, pada tahap Assumption (2) Vague/broad statement. (3) Rule, (4) Procedural description. (5) Own explanation. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan satu tipe justifikasi yaitu eksperience connection.

Translating imperative algorithms into declarative, functional terms

In building up subroutine libraries for XSLT and XQuery, it is sometimes useful to re-implement standard algorithms in the new language. Such re-implementation can be challenging, because standard algorithms are often described in imperative terms; before being reimplemented in XSLT or XQuery, the algorithm must first be re-understood in a declarative and functional way. Some of the challenges which arise in this process can be illustrated by the example of Earley parsing. Earley’s algorithm can parse an input string against any context-free grammar in Backus-Naur Form. Unlike recursive-descent or table-driven LALR(1) parsers it is not limited to “well-behaved” grammars. Unlike other general context-free parsing algorithms such as CYK, it does not devote time and space to operations which can be seen in advance to have no possible use in a full parse. Earley’s procedural description involves successive changes to a small set of data structures representing sets of Earley items; these procedural changes cannot be translated directly into a functional language lacking assignment. But Earley’s data-structure updates can be understood as defining relations among Earley items, and the algorithm as a whole can be interpreted as calculating the smallest set of Earley items which contains a given starter item and is closed over a small number of relations on items. Re-thinking the Earley algorithm in this way not only makes it easier to implement it in XSLT and XQuery, but helps make it clear why the parser is both complete (it will always find a parse if there is one) and correct (any parse it finds will be a real parse).

A Quantitative Study of Right Dislocation in Cantonese Spoken Discourse

Right Dislocation (RD) has been suggested to be a focus marking device carrying an affective function motivated by limited planning time in conversation. The current study investigated the effects of genre type, planning load and affective function on the use of RD in Cantonese monologues. Discourse data were extracted from a recently developed corpus of oral narratives in Cantonese Chinese containing language samples from 144 native Cantonese speakers evenly distributed in age, education levels and gender. Three genre types representing different structures, styles and degrees of topic familiarity were chosen for an RD analysis: procedural description, story-telling and recount of personal event. The results revealed that genre types and planning load influenced the rate of RD occurrence. (1) Specifically, the lowest proportion of RD occurred in procedural description, assumed to be the most structured genre; whereas the highest rate was found in personal event recount, considered to be the most stylized and less structured genre. (2) The highest proportion of RD appeared near the end of a narrative, where heavier cognitive load is demanded compared with the beginning of a narrative; moreover, RD also tended to co-occur with disfluency. (3) There was a high percentage of RD tokens in the personal event recount for expressing explicit emotions; and (4) a lower rate of occurrence of RD was found in monologues than previous studies based on conversations. The overall findings suggest that the use of RD is sensitive to genre structure and style, as well as planning load effects.

Selection of the Longwall Face Crew with Respect to Stochastic Character of the Production Process – Part 1 – Procedural Description / Wyznaczanie Obsady Przodka Ścianowego Z Uwzględnieniem Stochastycznego Charakteru Procesu Produkcyjnego. Cz. 1 – Opis Metody

A proposal of the method aimed at the longwall face crew selection with respect to stochastic character of the production process has been described in this study. Modules, which can be isolated from the production cycle, as well as methods of determination of the probability function density describing duration of individual action realized in production process, have been described in the first part of the study. Procedure of crew selection of individual modules, including optional crew selection, has been described in next chapters. Statement of action, which should be executed in order to apply the proposed method, including final conclusions, is discussed in the last chapter.

Time-Critical Rendering of Huge Ecosystems Using Discrete and Continuous Levels of Detail

We present a novel level-of-detail selection method for real-time rendering, which works on hierarchies of discrete and continuous representations. We integrate smoothly represented, point-rendered objects with discrete polygonal geometry and demonstrate our approach in a terrain-flyover application. In this testing application the digital elevation model is augmented with forests in accordance with satellite data. The vegetation is rendered as a continuous sequence of splats generated from a procedural description. Further, we discuss enhancements to our basic method to improve its scalability.