scholarly journals A Quantitative Study of Right Dislocation in Cantonese Spoken Discourse

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Choi-Ting Lai ◽  
Sam-Po Law ◽  
Anthony Pak-Hin Kong
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Planning Time ◽  
Topic Familiarity ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Personal Event ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Procedural Description ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Focus Marking

Right Dislocation (RD) has been suggested to be a focus marking device carrying an affective function motivated by limited planning time in conversation. The current study investigated the effects of genre type, planning load and affective function on the use of RD in Cantonese monologues. Discourse data were extracted from a recently developed corpus of oral narratives in Cantonese Chinese containing language samples from 144 native Cantonese speakers evenly distributed in age, education levels and gender. Three genre types representing different structures, styles and degrees of topic familiarity were chosen for an RD analysis: procedural description, story-telling and recount of personal event. The results revealed that genre types and planning load influenced the rate of RD occurrence. (1) Specifically, the lowest proportion of RD occurred in procedural description, assumed to be the most structured genre; whereas the highest rate was found in personal event recount, considered to be the most stylized and less structured genre. (2) The highest proportion of RD appeared near the end of a narrative, where heavier cognitive load is demanded compared with the beginning of a narrative; moreover, RD also tended to co-occur with disfluency. (3) There was a high percentage of RD tokens in the personal event recount for expressing explicit emotions; and (4) a lower rate of occurrence of RD was found in monologues than previous studies based on conversations. The overall findings suggest that the use of RD is sensitive to genre structure and style, as well as planning load effects.

Gender differences in spoken interaction in same sex dyadic conversations in Australian English

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 147-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Thwaite
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Australian English ◽  
Spoken Interaction

Abstract This paper is a quantitative study of gender differences in a corpus of spontaneous spoken discourse of approximately 2000 clauses. Subjects were same sex pairs of speakers of Australian English, from a sample that was homogeneous in all respects except gender. Grammatical analyses derive from the work of Halliday, with conversational analyses developed by Berry (1981a,b,c) and Martin (1992). Results show that statistically significant gender differences occurred in the phonological, lexicogrammatical and semantic strata of the language. A Systemic Functional model was found to be most useful in capturing these differences, and in relating them in a holistic picture of this type of language variation.

Quotas, the Electoral System Type and the Election of Young Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stockemer ◽  
Aksel Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
System Type ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Quota

Abstract This article focuses on a specific group of legislators facing large hurdles during recruitment processes, namely young women. Building on the institutional literature, we hypothesize that gender quota regulations, youth quotas, and proportional representation (PR) electoral systems should particularly benefit young women. Our quantitative study, capturing one hundred elections conducted between 2012 and 2017, finds partial support for our expectations. For the three hypotheses, we find that legislative quotas and voluntary party quotas for both youths and gender do not significantly increase the share of young women. In contrast, PR electoral systems render the electoral arena less discriminatory toward younger women.

‘I wanted to see if you are one of us’: The role of identity in the migration experience, a case study of Latin Americans in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Catherine Gomes ◽  
Glenda Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Migration Experience ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Community

The literature on transnational migrations tells us that new migrants often look for points of similarity and familiarity with people in destination countries. Whether they intend to settle permanently or if they are transient and temporary, new migrants whatever their histories (e.g., as forced, lifestyle, economic, worker and study migrants) look to create connections with people in destination countries. These connections allow migrants to feel a sense of belonging through established or new community networks that anchor them in their adopted/host country. Moreover, these connections provide practical benefit in terms of allowing migrants to access sources of support (e.g., emotional) and information that are useful in navigating everyday life in the new country. Often, the connections that migrants make are with fellow migrants who are from the same country of origin or migrants from elsewhere primarily because of their shared migration experience. This shared migration experience though is subject to variables such as socio-economic class, education levels, religious affiliation and gender, or a combination of these, just to name a few. For migrants, connecting with people who they identify and recognize as fellow migrant actors, in other words, is a common, if not, instinctual occurrence for migrant belonging-making. While this article acknowledges the significance of the identity-migrant nexus by referring to two separate research projects conducted in Australia involving Latin American participants as a case study, it observes that migrants may also seek out those who they perceive to be fellow co-national/co-ethnic migrants through conventional or perceived visual and cultural markers.

Carbon reduction knowledge and environmental consciousness in Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Lu Hsu ◽  
Ting-Yu Lin
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Environmental Consciousness ◽  
New Ecological Paradigm ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Knowledge Levels ◽  
And Gender

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine people’s knowledge about carbon reduction, environmental consciousness, carbon reduction intentions, and behaviours in Taiwan. The importance of this study is to reveal whether individuals with higher carbon reduction knowledge level have higher carbon reduction intentions and further take actions. Design/methodology/approach – In total, eight questions about the causes and facts of carbon emissions were designed to examine respondents’ levels of knowledge. The New Ecological Paradigm Scale was utilised to measure respondents’ attitudes towards the environment and further to examine how those attitudes were linked to knowledge. Ten questions related to carbon reduction intentions in food consumption, transportation, energy saving, recycling and shopping were designed, another set of ten questions related to carbon reduction behaviours were included in the questionnaire. A formal survey using personal interviews was administered in Taipei, Taiwan following the age and gender distributions of the population. Findings – Findings in this study indicate that people with higher knowledge levels about carbon reduction have a stronger environmental consciousness; however, they tend to have higher intentions in carbon reduction but not in actions. Findings in this study reveal that knowledge levels about carbon reduction cannot be used as indicators of carbon reduction behaviours. Practical implications – The findings in this study provide information for the veracity of the general public with relatively high education levels and are aware of the severity of the carbon emission issue in Taiwan but not motivated to take actions in carbon reduction. Implications of this study are that although enhancing the general public’s environmental consciousness by building up their relevant knowledge of carbon reduction through education can be essential, encourage individuals to make environmentally friendly purchasing decisions, reduce energy consumption and waste, recycle, and be conservative with materials not easily decomposed naturally is fundamental. Originality/value – Due to the fact that people living on islands and in densely populated coastal areas are those affected by climate changes severely, findings in this study provide valuable information for the education of the general public in Taiwan and other countries in the region.

Normalisation du Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) chez les Québécois francophones âgés de 65 ans et plus et résidant dans la communauté

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Hudon ◽  
Olivier Potvin ◽  
Marie-Christine Turcotte ◽  
Catherine D’Anjou ◽  
Micheline Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACTThis study was aimed at providing normative data for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The norms were built from a sample (n = 2409) of community-dwelling French speaking residents from Québec aged 65 and older. The analyses indicated that socio-demographic variables such as education level, age, and gender of individuals influenced significantly the scores of older adults on the MMSE. More precisely, MMSE scores increased with education level and decreased with age. Moreover, women had significantly higher scores than men. On this basis, distinct tables of normative data were produced for women and men. In each table, the MMSE scores corresponding to percentiles 5, 10, 15 and 50 were identified according to four age categories and three education levels. Overall, the use of the present normative data by clinicians will improve their accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment in older adults from Québec.

Sociodemographic and travel characteristics affecting the purpose of selecting Bangkok as a tourist destination

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chompoonut Suttikun ◽  
Hyo Jung Chang ◽  
C. Stephanie Acho ◽  
McDaniel Ubi ◽  
Hamilton Bicksler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Travel ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Regions Of Origin

Bangkok, Thailand is in a unique position to benefit economically and has become one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations, due to its function as a hub for international travel in Southeast Asia. Thus, this study examines how past experiences, age, income, gender, education level, occupation, and regions affect international tourists’ reasons to visit Bangkok. After conducting chi-square analysis on 400 participants, significant differences were found among the varying income levels, occupations, education levels, and regions of origin and their reasons for visiting Bangkok. However, no significant differences were found based on age and gender regarding reasons to visit Bangkok. As far as regions of origin, Europeans were most likely to visit Bangkok as a stopover in route to another destination. This lays the foundations for further research focusing on what Bangkok can do to increase their status as a destination for European travelers.

scholarly journals Vranje speech through the prism of diglossia

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-105
Author(s):  
Tatjana Trajkovic ◽  
Milica Mihajlovic
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
School Students ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Present Participle ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
And Gender

The paper presents the results of diglossia research in the speech of Vranje. This is a survey conducted through the poll of two groups of representatives of the Vranje vernacular. Groups of final year high school students from Vranje and teachers teaching in the same schools were selected. In this way, social variables were monitored: origin, age, education and gender. Typical features of Vranje speech were selected from the language variables: consonant dz (dzindza), semi-vowel ? (dan?s), vocative in -e (strinke), enclitic pronouns (gu, gi, ne, ni, ve, vi), the analytical declination (s majku mi, s mene, na mene mi vika, davam na njega), present 3rd person plural in -v, present participle, masculine, singular in -??, future forms without infinitives (ce padnes, ce dodje), lexeme tatko. The above categories also include additional dialectic features marked by Vranje speech: verb forms in -n?-, possessive dative, object reduplication, express analyticism in declination, analyticism in conjugation. The aim of the research is to determine whether diglossive behavior is intrinsic to native Vranje speakers and how code switching occurs in certain speech situations. Speakers? attitudes toward dialect use were also examined. The conclusion is that male speakers of both ages and education levels are mostly interested in maintaining the dialect. The smallest number of speakers who are in the care of the dialect and use the dialect in everyday conversation is in the group of highly educated women. The majority of interviewed Vranjanians are aware of their ability to control speech, which means that they are prone to diglossive behavior. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data collected revealed that young male Vranjanian people are most attached to the dialect, and that women of higher education use dialectal elements in speech in the least. The dialectal lines that are most amenable to adaptation could be presented in the order of susceptibility levels: consonant dz, semi-vowel ?, vocative in -e, present 3rd person plural in -v, -?? form, enclitic gu, enclitic gi, enclitics ne, ni, ve, vi, lexis, the analytical declination, infinitives. Such an analysis of the selection of dialect features in order to adapt to the standard also points to the possible internal development of the dialect itself. This would mean that the most subtle lines would gradually disappear from the dialectal structure. It is uncertain whether they will be completely lost and when such changes will occur.

scholarly journals School Socio-Cultural Identity and Perceived Parental Involvement About Mathematics Learning in Greece

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Moutsios-Rentzos ◽  
Petros Chaviaris ◽  
Sonia Kafoussi
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Pedagogical Implication ◽  
And Gender

In this quantitative study we investigated the primary school students’ perceived parental involvement in mathematics with respect to different school socio-cultural identity as identified by the students’ ethnicity. 493 students attending the two last grades of three primary schools participated in the study. The role of the students’ grade and gender, as well as the mother/father contrast were also considered in the analyses. The findings of the study revealed both inter-school and intra-school divergences and convergences, thus suggesting the complex links between school identity and perceived parental involvement. More specifically, according to our results, the ‘multi-cultural’ seems to be linked with a more stable perceived parental involvement across different year groups and calendar years. The pedagogical implication of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Hiring Preferences of Nurseries and Greenhouses in U.S. Southern States

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Benedict C. Posadas ◽  
Patricia R. Knight ◽  
Christine E.H. Coker ◽  
Randal Y. Coker ◽  
Scott A. Langlois
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Part Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Permanent Workers

This work describes workers’ socioeconomic characteristics and evaluates the determinants of workers hiring decisions among 215 randomly selected wholesale nurseries and greenhouses located in eight selected southern states in the United States. The participating nurseries and greenhouses employed on average 5.40 permanent workers per horticulture operation or 2.27 permanent workers per acre under cultivation. Participating nurseries and greenhouses hired an average 2.38 part-time workers per horticulture operation or 0.80 part-time workers per acre placed under production. Empirical models were estimated to determine the significant factors affecting hiring decisions by this industry. Hiring decision models covered age groups, racial backgrounds, formal education levels, and gender. Analysis of the decision-making process involving the employment of hired workers among the participating wholesale nurseries and greenhouses provided insights into the hiring decisions in the industry. The hiring decisions by demographic characteristics serve as benchmarks for assessing impacts of regulations affecting the industry in the near future. About 1.9% of all the establishments employed more than 50 permanent and part-time workers and 1.4% employed more than 50 permanent workers.

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