scholarly journals Potential of Energy Savings in the Public Housing Stock of Comunitat Valenciana Region by Applying the MedZEB Cost-Optimal Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Cristina Isabel Jareño Escudero ◽  
Miriam Navarro Escudero ◽  
César Damián Mifsut García ◽  
María Flores Fillol ◽  
José Manuel Salmerón Lissen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
The Public ◽  
Optimal Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Climate Neutrality

Improving energy efficiency in buildings has a key role to play in achieving the ambitious goal of EU-wide climate neutrality by 2050, set out in the European Green Deal. This paper describes a cost-optimal analysis of residential buildings of Valencian Community, Spain. Thus, an assessment of the contribution of total primary energy savings per year (MW/h) of the social dwellings managed by EVha, Entitat Valenciana d’Habitatge i Sòl (eng. Valencian entity for dwelling and ground) towards the national contribution is presented in this paper. To assess it, the MedZEB cost-optimal methodology has been applied to optimise the performance of the building’s envelope. This means that Optimal Renovation Strategies through Life-Cycle Analysis have been applied to obtain the Packages of Optimal Solutions of the different reference buildings in a reference climate. First, the renovation scenario with 100% of the building stock being renovated has been calculated. Then, the renovation scenario of 1%, being the current European rate of renovation and, finally the renovation scenario of 2%, given that the objective of the Renovation Wave is to at least double the annual energy renovation rate of residential and non-residential buildings by 2030 and to foster deep energy renovations.

scholarly journals Energy Retrofitting Opportunities Using Renewable Materials—Comparative Analysis of the Current Frameworks in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Darija Gajić ◽  
Slobodan Peulić ◽  
Tim Mavrič ◽  
Anna Sandak ◽  
Črtomir Tavzes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Eu Member States

Sustainable approaches for retrofitting buildings for energy efficiency are becoming necessary in a time when the building sector is the largest energy consumer. Retrofitting building stock is effective for reducing global energy consumption and decreasing resource exploitation. Less developed EU member states and neighboring developing countries show reluctance towards healthy and renewable materials. Implementation of sustainable materials for energy retrofitting is slowed down due to gaps in legislation and effective strategic programs, availability of bio-based materials, lack of knowledge regarding use and maintenance of renewable products, and marketing lobbies. Use of bio-based materials in refurbishment is important due to their negative or low global warming potential (GWP), low primary energy (PEI) need for production, cost-effective benefits, and recycling/reuse potential. Role of environmentally friendly solutions and low-carbon economy growth is particularly relevant in developing countries, such as Bosnia-Herzegovina, that cannot afford innovative energy recovery systems, yet possess a significant amount of poorly managed building stock. This research aims to analyze frameworks regarding retrofitting of residential buildings in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Slovenia. The analysis tackles indirect causes, studies the legal background, and examines strategic frameworks; thus, it indicates potential barriers for implementation of recommended retrofitting solutions based on renewable materials.

scholarly journals Humidity-Sensitive Demand-Controlled Ventilation Applied to Multi-Unit Residential Building – Performance and Energy Consumption in Dfb Continental Climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Sowa ◽  
Maciej Mijakowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Demand Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Continental Climate

A humidity-sensitive demand-controlled ventilation system is known for many years. It has been developed and commonly applied in regions with an oceanic climate. Some attempts were made to introduce this solution in Poland in a much severe continental climate. The article evaluates this system's performance and energy consumption applied in an 8-floor multi-unit residential building, virtual reference building described by the National Energy Conservation Agency NAPE, Poland. The simulations using the computer program CONTAM were performed for the whole hating season for Warsaw's climate. Besides passive stack ventilation that worked as a reference, two versions of humidity-sensitive demand-controlled ventilation were checked. The difference between them lies in applying the additional roof fans that convert the system to hybrid. The study confirmed that the application of demand-controlled ventilation in multi-unit residential buildings in a continental climate with warm summer (Dfb) leads to significant energy savings. However, the efforts to ensure acceptable indoor air quality require hybrid ventilation, which reduces the energy benefits. It is especially visible when primary energy use is analyzed.

scholarly journals Market-Based Housing Reforms and the Residualization of Public Housing: The Experience of Lodz, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk ◽  
Szymon Marcińczak
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
National Scale ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Housing Inequality ◽  
Socioeconomic Profile

Housing inequality is one of the central topics in urban studies, and in the social sciences more broadly. It is also one of the most significant and visible aspects of socioeconomic inequality. Over the last three decades, the process of housing commodification has accelerated across western societies and, consequently, the public housing sector has contracted and become more closely associated with the poorest sections of societies in many cities. Over the same period, the political changes in Central and Eastern Europe have contributed to the dismantling and monetizing of state housing sectors at the forefront of broader social and economic transformations. Unfortunately, most recent studies on housing commodification and inequalities in Europe are confined to the national scale. The aim of this article is to detail the linkages between the position and functioning of public housing in Lodz (Poland) and the evolving socioeconomic profile of individuals and households that rely on public housing. This study relies on microdata (statistical information on individuals and households) from two national Polish censuses (1978 and 2002) and from household budget surveys (2003–2013). The main finding of our study is that ‘residualization’ is present in the public housing stock in Lodz and that the process gained momentum in the first decade of the 2000s.

scholarly journals The Citizen Professional, Mediatization, and the creation of a Public Domain

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Christof
Keyword(s):  
Housing Stock ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spatial Concept ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Lived Spaces

Situated within the transition experienced by our welfare states, citizens have become ever more involved in the re-use of derelict public housing stock throughout Europe. These citizens are tentatively to be called ‘citizen professionals’ in the urban realm, a term that serves as a sensitizing concept to explore the social worlds of their contributions to the public domain. Employing various types of media to communicate their progress and success, these urban actors seek to gain the trust of the neighborhood and governmental institutions to sustain their projects within a broader community. Just as the media influence and structure cultural domains and society as a whole, the social-cultural activities carried out by citizen professionals in the public domain are mediatized not only by the actors themselves, but also by municipal organizations, policy workers, and governmental institutions. Grounding mediatization as a socio-spatial concept within empirical practice, the article examines the practices of citizen professionals and describes how they endeavor to attain public acknowledgment by representing their projects as showcases within a public domain. The article builds on pilot interviews conducted in Rotterdam (NAC, Reading Room West) and Vienna (Paradocks) to expound on the projects as lived spaces between mediatized and physical environments. Positioning citizen professionals within contemporary developments in the urban field, the article then investigates the underlying values of the spatial interventions, as well as how governmental bodies relate to their practices. Seen through the lens of mediatization, the article provides insights into how citizen professionals employ their social imaginaries and mobilize their activities around their agenda regarding the creation of a public domain.

scholarly journals Humidity-Sensitive, Demand-Controlled Ventilation Applied to Multiunit Residential Building—Performance and Energy Consumption in Dfb Continental Climate

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6669
Author(s):  
Jerzy Sowa ◽  
Maciej Mijakowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Demand Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Continental Climate ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Humidity-sensitive, demand-controlled ventilation systems have been in use for many years in regions with oceanic climates. Some attempts have been made to apply this technology in Poland, which has a continental climate. This article evaluates the performance and energy consumption of such a system when applied in an eight-floor, multiunit, residential building, i.e., the virtual reference building described by the National Energy Conservation Agency (NAPE), Poland. Simulations using the computer program CONTAM were performed for the whole heating season based upon the climate in Warsaw. Besides passive stack ventilation, that served as a reference, two ventilation systems were studied: one standard and one “hybrid” system with additional roof fans. This study confirmed that the application of humidity-sensitive, demand-controlled ventilation in multiunit residential buildings in a continental climate (Dfb) led to significant energy savings (up to 11.64 kWh/m2 of primary energy). However, the operation of the system on higher floors was found to be ineffective. Ensuring consistent operation of the system on all floors required supplementary fans. The introduction of a hybrid mode reduced carbon dioxide concentrations by approximately 32% in the units located in the upper part of the building. The energetic effect in such cases depends strongly on the electricity source. In the case of the national energy grid, savings of primary energy would be relatively low, i.e., 1.07 kWh/m2, but in the case of locally produced renewable energy, the energy savings would be equal to 5.18 kWh/m2.

scholarly journals Energy assessment of hybrid heat pump systems as a retrofit measure in residential housing stock

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01064
Author(s):  
David Keogh ◽  
Mohammad Saffari ◽  
Mattia de Rosa ◽  
Donal P. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Electric Heat ◽  
Hybrid Heat Pump

Hybrid electric-gas heat pump systems are a possible retrofit option in older residential buildings. Older buildings can be challenging to retrofit and in this context hybrid systems can offer an intermediate route to decarbonisation of building heating energy demand. This is especially the case, where deep retrofit measures coupled with monovalent electric heat pump systems may not be feasible from an economic perspective. The aim of the current paper is to examine the suitability of a hybrid electric-gas heat pump system in comparison to electric heat pump systems as a retrofit measure for Irish housing stock and to benchmark both options against existing fossil fuel baseline systems. A detailed building energy model of a residential dwelling was developed and calibrated to within acceptable ASHRAE standards. An energy assessment was carried out which investigates each retrofit scenario. Key findings include: (i) both the all-electric and hybrid heat pump systems deliver primary energy savings compared to the fossil fuel baseline systems, (ii) hybrid systems attain higher primary energy savings compared to all-electric heat pump, where the hybrid system incorporates flexible delivery temperatures compared to a fixed delivery temperature tor the all-electric heat pump system.

scholarly journals Influence of Thermal Retrofitting on Annual Energy Demand for Heating in Multi-Family Buildings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Życzyńska ◽  
Zbigniew Suchorab ◽  
Dariusz Majerek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heat Consumption ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Energy Factors ◽  
Heat Meters

The paper presented the analysis of heat consumption for heating in multi-family residential buildings before and after thermal retrofitting. The analysis involved four groups of buildings, i.e., 43 buildings in total, located in various localities, belonging to one weather station. The predicted level of energy savings resulting from thermal retrofitting was achieved from the energy audits. The actual heat consumption, following the calculation into so-called external standard conditions, was obtained based on the readouts from heat-meters. For each building, the values of heat consumption over the periods of 6–10 years were read. The performance measurements involved the periods before, during, and after thermal retrofitting. The following statistical tests were used for data analysis: Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney, Shapiro–Wilk, Bartlett, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn and Holm post-hoc. The performed analyses showed that the mean value of energy savings predicted by audits reached 38.5% when the real mean value of savings, achieved from heat-meters, equaled 30.3%. The annual energy demand factors for heating were calculated for final energy and non-renewable primary energy factors. It was established that most of the analyzed objects fulfilled the primary energy factor requirements found in the Polish technical and construction regulations, which were valid at the time of investment.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Energy Savings Potential in the Residential Building Stock in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermina Zagora ◽  
Mladen Burazor ◽  
Erdin Salihović
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Residential Building Stock ◽  
The Individual

This paper intends to bring attention of both scientific and general audience to the status quo of the existing, residential building stock in Bosnia and Herzegovina, highlighting its energy savings potential. The research results presented in this text may be applicable on two levels: on a larger scale, the policy makers may use this data in the process of development of strategic and EE measures implementation plans, while, on a smaller scale, the individual users may gain practical insight into the benefits of energy saving measures and implement them in their own households. Moreover, the exposed data may be subject to further evaluations, studies and comparisons, while the presented methodology can be used by other researchers in countries where there have not been research activities on the existing residential buildings stock from the EE perspective.

scholarly journals Albanian Building Stock Typology and Energy Building Code in Progress Towards National Calculation Methodology of Performance on Heating and Cooling.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gjergji Simaku
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Calculation Methodology

The expertise on building stock typology used openly available data from the Albanian statistical office. As the CENSUS was not especially designed for gathering data for the energetic evaluation of the building stock, some data were not available on the required level of detail. Estimations were necessary to extrapolate data to the existing stock. Technically, the study selected and described twenty representative categories of residential buildings typology for Albania. Were identified the level and the structure of final energy consumption at present and in the future by building age category, building type, climate zone, and energy end-use. Using an original template excel data sheet, were conducted the calculations of their thermal energy performance in three climate zones, designed standardized retrofit packages, calculated possible energy savings, and investment required by building type. The engineering principle of the Regulation in force, regarding to the legislative act of Energy Building Code in Albania, is beyond any doubt correct and carefully studied. The act is a rule book or the Regulation (energy building code - here The Code) which contains information that is sufficient to perform calculations of the different insulating layers for new construction after the year 2003. Also, the Regulation’s algorithms are still relevant in terms of calculation to provide Energy for heating demands in Albania. After 12 years, the Code remains the same and could provide either an optimal potential energy savings to the existing buildings, or an optimal cost-effective of building’s insulation without imposing a burden of high financial housing builders to multifamily prospective buyers. Based today Europe’s developments on Energy Performance of Buildings, the study is found relevant to provide a methodology for calculation of the energy performance in buildings (kWh/ m2a) based on volumetric coefficient heat losses (Gvt) for heating only, the existing indicator of the existing Code. The following study deals with the possibility of transposing the methodology used to the Code into an energy Performance based on minimum requirement for a new Regulation and/or EP Calculation Methodology based on efficient use of energy for heating and cooling purposes.

scholarly journals Nearly Zero Energy Standard for Non-Residential Buildings with High Energy Demands—An Empirical Case Study Using the State Related Properties of Bavaria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Keltsch ◽  
Werner Lang ◽  
Thomas Auer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
New Buildings

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010 calls for the Nearly Zero Energy Standard for new buildings from 2021 onwards: Buildings using “almost no energy” are powered by renewable sources or energy produced by the building itself. For residential buildings, this ambitious new standard has already been reached. But for other building types this goal is still far away. The potential of these buildings to meet a Nearly Zero Energy Standard was investigated by analyzing ten case studies representing non-residential buildings with different uses. The analysis shows that the primary characteristics common to critical building types are a dense building context with a very high degree of technical installation (such as hospital, research and laboratory buildings). The large primary energy demand of these types of buildings cannot be compensated by building and property-related energy generation including off-site renewables. If the future Nearly Zero Energy Standard were to be defined with lower requirements because of this, the state related properties of Bavaria suggest that the real potential energy savings available in at least 85% of all new buildings would be insufficiently exploited. Therefore, it would be useful to instead individualize the legal energy verification process for new buildings to distinguish critical building types such as laboratories and hospitals.

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