scholarly journals Screening and Identification of Trichoderma Strains isolated from Natural Habitats in China with Potential Agricultural Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ming Xue ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Chongyuan Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Fengtao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Decaying Wood

Trichoderma spp. are widely distributed in natural habitats and have been evaluated as a potential biocontrol agent (BCA) for disease control and plant growth promotion. In this study, 1308 Trichoderma strains were obtained from the plant rhizosphere soil, above-ground plants, and decaying wood from natural habitats in China. Among them, 49 Trichoderma strains showed a good inhibitory effect, especially against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with inhibition rate above 85% in the dual culture test. Among these 49 strains, the 13 strains with broad-spectrum inhibitory effects also significantly promoted the seed germination of five crops (rice, cucumber, tomato, melon, and pakchoi) and root growth of four crop seedlings (watermelon, tomato, eggplant, and chili). Furthermore, these strains showed effective colonization in the rhizosphere and root of cucumber. Trichoderma strains SC012 and NX043 showed the highest chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activity among all strains. Based on the morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1 (tef1), twelve Trichoderma strains were identified as Trichoderma asperellum and one as Trichoderma afroharzianum. This study suggests that the 13 Trichoderma strains are promising BCAs and could be developed as biofertilizers and biological pesticides for agricultural applications.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

Screening and Identification of Laccase Producing Fungi from Environmental Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
A. Bello ◽  
◽  
J. B. Ameh ◽  
D. A. Machido ◽  
A. I. Mohammed-Dabo
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Decaying Wood

Laccases are oxidases with broad substrate specificity and ability to oxidize various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. This study was carried out to isolate and characterizes laccase producing fungi from environment samples. Soil and decaying wood samples were collected from different locations within Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Main campus. Suspensions of the samples (1 g in 10 mL sterile distilled water) were serially diluted, inoculated onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing 0.01% Chloramphenicol and incubated for 7 days at 30oC.The fungal isolates were characterized macroscopically and microscopically with the aid of an atlas. The identified fungal isolates were screened for laccase production by inoculating onto PDA containing 0.02% Guaiacol, 1mM ABTS (2 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 0.5% Tannic acid as indicator compounds and incubated at 250C for 7 days. The laccase producing isolates were confirmed molecularly by ITS rDNA sequence analysis using the FASTA algorithm with the Fungus database from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI).A total of 25 fungal species (11 from soil and 14 from decaying wood samples) were isolated. Two isolates from the soil origin identified as Curvularia lunata SSI7 (Accession No. QIE06317.1) and Fusarium clade VII SSI3 (Accession No. GQ505677) were found to produce laccase where Curvularia lunata SSI7 was able to oxidize all the indicator compounds used for the screening. Fusarium clade VII SSI3 was able to oxidize only 0.5% Tannic acid. Laccase producing Curvularia lunata and Fusarium clade VII were isolated from soil samples collected from ABU Zaria Main Campus. Keywords: laccase, fungi, soil, decaying wood

scholarly journals ​Antagonistic Activity of Panchagavya and Trichoderma spp. against Wilt Complex causing Pathogens of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Parmar ◽  
N.M. Gohel
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Chickpea Wilt

Background: Chickpea wilt complex caused by several soil-borne pathogens is the major yield-reducing malady worldwide. Biological control is one of the best, low-cost and ecologically sustainable method for managing plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. Methods: In this present investigation Panchagavya and Trichoderma spp. were evaluated by following poisoned food technique and dual culture technique against wilt complex causing pathogens i.e. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. Result: Among the different isolates of Trichoderma spp. evaluated, Trichoderma viride (AAU isolate) was highly antagonistic to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (52.78%) and F. solani (65.37%) whereas, Trichoderma asperellum (AAU isolate) was highly antagonistic to M. phaseolina (65.93%). Panchagavya at the highest concentration (50%) showed significantly higher efficacy (80.74, 66.62 and 49.67%) in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all three pathogens and at the lowest concentration it was moderately effective.

scholarly journals Suppression of Stem-End Rot on Avocado Fruit Using Trichoderma spp. in the Central Highlands of Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. K. Wanjiku ◽  
J. W. Waceke ◽  
J. N. Mbaka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae

Demand for organic avocado fruits, together with stringent food safety standards in the global market, has made producers to use alternative, safe, and consumer-friendly strategies of controlling the postharvest fungal disease of avocado fruits. This study assessed the in vitro efficacy of Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride, T. virens, T. asperellum, and T. harzianum) against isolated avocado stem-end rot (SER) fungal pathogens (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Nectria pseudotrichia, and Fusarium solani) using a dual culture technique. The Trichoderma spp. were also evaluated singly on postharvest “Hass” avocado fruits. Spore suspension at 5 × 104 conidial/ml of the Trichoderma spp. was applied on the avocado fruits at three time points, twenty-four hours before the fungal pathogen (preinoculation), at the same time as the fungal pathogen (concurrent inoculation), and 24 hours after the fungal pathogen (postinoculation). In the in vitro study, T. atroviride showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. parvum (48%), N. pseudotrichia (55%), and F. solani (32.95%), while T. harzianum had the highest mycelial growth inhibition against L. theobromae. Trichoderma asperellum was the least effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all the pathogens. Similarly, T. virens showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. pseudotrichia at 45% inhibition. On postharvest “Hass” fruits, T. atroviride showed the highest efficacy against N. parvum, N. pseudotrichia, and F. solani in all the applications. Trichoderma virens and T. harzianum were most effective against all the pathogens during postinoculation, while Lasiodiplodia theobromae was best controlled by T. virens, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum during postinoculation. Both T. atroviride and T. harzianum present a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides against postharvest diseases of avocado fruits, and further tests under field conditions to be done to validate their efficacy. The possibility of using Trichoderma spp. in the management of SER on avocado fruits at a commercial level should also be explored.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effects of pentamidine analogues on protein biosynthesis in vitro.

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Bielawski ◽  
A Galicka ◽  
A Bielawska ◽  
K Sredzińska
Keyword(s):  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Inhibit Protein Synthesis ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Eukaryotic Elongation Factor

Pentamidine despite its rather high toxicity, is currently in clinical use. For development of new drugs of this type it is important to know the mechanism of their action. Two new amidines (I and II) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were found in preliminary experiments to inhibit protein synthesis in vitro in the cell-free rat liver system. The three compounds differed in the precise mode of action. The inhibitory effect of I on the activity of the eukaryotic elongation factor eEF-2 and ribosomes seems to suggest that the binding site of eEF-2 on the ribosome was blocked by this compound. eEF-2 has been identified as the primary target of II and eEF-1 as the primary target of DAPI in the system studied.

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI CENDAWAN ANTAGONIS TERHADAP JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus lignosus) PADA TANAMAN PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Ariska ◽  
Lola Adres Yanti ◽  
Chairudin Chairudin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Rigidoporus Lignosus ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is a multipurpose plantation commodity crop that almost all parts of the plant have strategic economic value to be cultivated. In Indonesia there are the largest nutmeg commodity centers, including the Maluku islands, North Sulawesi and Aceh. The biggest problem with nutmeg plants is the attack of pests and diseases. One of the most severe diseases in nutmeg is white root mushroom (Rigidoporus lignosus). This study aims to 1) determine the fungus of white root fungus antagonists (Rigodoporus lignosus) from the Aceh nutmeg rhizosphere (Myristica fragrans Houtt), 2) identify the content of antibiotic fungus JAP antagonist compounds in Aceh nutmeg plants. The study was conducted by taking soil samples from nutmeg plants at three nutmeg plantations in South Aceh. The antagonist fungus isolation activity uses a dilution method. Isolation of JAP from infected roots using direct planting method. Furthermore, it is identified macroscopically and microscopically. The antagonist test was carried out using the dual culture method with RAL. From the rhizosphere in the nutmeg area, 5 candidate antagonist isolates were obtained, having high in vitro antagonism ability to the pathogen R. lignosus. Identification results showed that isolates 1, 2 and 3 were Trichoderma spp, and isolates 4 and 5 were Gliocladium virens. Keywords: In vitro, the content of antibiotic compounds, Aceh nutmeg, Rigidoporus lignosus, antagonistic test

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Trichoderma asperellum Isolate against Ralstonia solanacearum Causing Brinjal Wilt

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
SMN Islam ◽  
SS Siddique ◽  
MZH Chowdhury ◽  
NJ Mishu
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Quantitative Test ◽  
Trichoderma Isolate

A native Trichoderma isolate was collected from the agricultural soil of Gazipur. This isolate was identified as a Trichoderma asperellum through morphology and analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA gene sequence and reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree. The antagonistic effects of the newly identified T. asperellum isolate were assessed against brinjal bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum both in vitro and in planta. Both qualitative and quantitative bioassays were conducted in vitro. For qualitative tests, dual culture and antibacterial activity were carried out, and pathogen growth was observed visually. The antagonism of T. asperellum cell free culture filtrate on the growth of R. solanacearum was conducted in a quantitative test. Successful antagonism was recorded after both in vitro qualitative tests. In addition, the lowest colony forming unit was recorded in 100% of CFC (2.4±0.51 ×103 cfu/ml) in quantitative test. The T. asperellum inoculated plant showed low disease incidence (13.33%) when seedlings were challenged with R. solanacearum in planta experiment. Disease incidence was 100% for seedlings when treated with only R. solanacearum. The results showed that the isolated and identified T. asperellum isolate suppressed R. solanacearum growth in vitro and protected the seedling from wilting in planta. Therefore, this isolate could be considered as a potential isolate. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(2) : 107-120

Eryngium billardieri Extract and Fractions Induces Apoptosis in Cancerous Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Hasanbeiglu ◽  
Kamran Hosseini ◽  
Ommoleila Molavi ◽  
Parina Asgharian ◽  
Vahideh Tarhriz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mcf7 Cell ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Mcf7 Cell Line ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Background: Eryngium is genus flowering plants in the Umbelliferae family having pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic. Given the nature of melanoma and breast cancers in recent years and the fact that the anti-cancer properties of Eryngium billardieri on mentioned cell lines have not been studied, the present study conducted to explore these properties. Objective: The mechanisms of cytotoxicity and apoptosis of aerial parts of various extracts and fractions of E. billardieri on cancerous cells and normal cells were investigated. Methods: Samples were collected from natural habitats, dried and then extracted by Soxhlet apparatus with solvents of n-Hex, DCM and methanol, respectively. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were investigated by MTT method on MCF7, B16 and HFF-2 classes for 24 and 48 hours. Flowcytometry, was also used to investigate the mechanism of cytotoxicity and confirming by Real-time PCR of p53 and Bax genes, which codes apoptosis regulator proteins. Meanwhile, volatile compounds of extracts were identified by GC-MS method. Results: The obtained data showed that the n-Hex extract of E. billardieri on B-16 and MCF7 cell lines and dichromethane extract on MCF7 cell line had the most significant cytotoxic effect compared to DMSO control (p value <0.001). Our finding showed that the mechanism of n-Hex extract with 80% and 100% vlc fractions on B16 induced apoptotic compared to HFF-2 control cells, moreover, n-Hex extract and 80% vlc fraction on MCF7 was apoptotic. The major compounds of n-Hex, DCM and 80% and 100% fractions of n-Hex extract obtained from GC-MS are non-terpenoid. Conclusion: Non-terpenoids compounds of E. billardieri can be the responsible for showing the most cytotoxic effects on MCF7 and B16 cell lines with apoptotic mechanism and n-Hex extract had the most significant inhibitory effect on cancerous cells compared to the HFF-2 control cells by the mechanism of apoptosis.

scholarly journals Role of Biocontrol Agents in Management of Corm Rot of Saffron Caused by Fusarium oxysporum

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Vishal Gupta ◽  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
Kausar Fatima ◽  
Vijay Kumar Razdan ◽  
Bhagwati Charan Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Maximum Reduction

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is considered as one of the most expensive spices. Fusarium corm rot of saffron, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is known to cause severe yield losses worldwide. In the present study, efficacy of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma asperellum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus stratosphericus, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus subtilis) along with a chemical fungicide, carbendazim, was evaluated for managing the corm rot of saffron. Under in vitro conditions, using dual culture and poison food techniques on potato dextrose agar, T. asperellum and carbendazim significantly reduced the mycelial growth of the pathogen F. oxysporum, with the inhibition of 62.76 and 60.27%, respectively, compared with control. Under field conditions, dipping of saffron corms in carbendazim and T. asperellum exhibited maximum reduction of 82.77 and 77.84%, respectively, in the disease incidence, during the first year of experiment. However, during the second year, maximum reduction in the incidence of corm rot (68.63%) was recorded with the T. asperellum. Moreover, the population density of F. oxysporum was also significantly reduced by 60 and 80.19% while using T. asperellum after 75 and 260 days of sowing of saffron corms, compared to its population before planting of corms. In case of growth promotion traits, such as sprouting and flowering, biocontrol treatments reduced the number of days (average) of sprouting and flower emergence after sowing, compared to control.

scholarly journals Utilizing the combined antifungal potential of Trichoderma spp. and organic amendments against dry root rot of mungbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Choudhary ◽  
Shabbir Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Rhizoctonia Bataticola ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Greenhouse Study

AbstractThe present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of bioagents and organic amendments in suppressing the dry root rot of mungbean incited by Rhizoctonia bataticola. The locally isolated pathogen and fungal biocontrol agents were identified based on morphological and molecular characterization. These identified bioagents were tested in vitro, and the highest mycelial inhibition was recorded in dual culture assay by Trichoderma harzianum (74.44%), and among organic amendments, maximum mycelial inhibition was found in neem cake (61.11%). In a greenhouse study, T. harzianum + neem cake effectively enhanced the percent germination (93.33%) and decreased the percent disease mortality (11.67%) than the other treatments. The morphological parameter like plant height (57.50 cm), dry weight (22.83 g) root nodules (51), pods/plant (58), and 100-seed weight (5.78 g) were found to be at the maximum in this combined application. Physiological pigments viz. chlorophyll (2.41 mg/g) and carotenoids (0.19 mg/g), protein content (5.85 mg/g), and leghemoglobin (11.75 mg/g) were also found to be maximum in T. harzianum + neem cake and minimum phenol content (1.41 mg/g). The study concludes that T. harzianum + neem cake can be recommended as an effective approach for the management of dry root rot of mungbean.

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