scholarly journals Research on the Possible Application of Polyolefin Waste-Derived Pyrolysis Oils for ANFO Manufacturing

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Andrzej Biessikirski ◽  
Dominik Czerwonka ◽  
Jolanta Biegańska ◽  
Łukasz Kuterasiński ◽  
Magdalena Ziąbka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Component ◽  
Heat Of Explosion ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Velocity Of Detonation ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils ◽  
Sem Analyses

This work aims to evaluate the possible application of pyrolysis fuel oils obtained through the pyrolysis of waste plastics. by comparing both the blasting properties and morphology results of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO), which is applied in the mining industry, and ANFO based on pyrolysis fuel oils (FOs), as well as low-temperature properties of all tested FO samples. The low-temperature research includes the measurements of density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, pour point, and cloud point. Moreover, a stability analysis was carried out based on the Turbiscan Stability Index (TSI) coefficient. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that despite pyrolysis FOs showing some differences in comparison with index FO, none of their properties indicated that pyrolysis FOs should be excluded from possible application in ANFO. Additionally, IR, XRD, and SEM analyses were conducted for all ANFO samples. The instrumental analysis did not show any dribbling effect. The blasting tests such as velocity of detonation (VOD), the heat of explosion, and post-blast fumes revealed that VOD values were lower in comparison to the reference ANFO sample. However, the observed differences were either negligible (heat of explosion) or small enough (VOD) to conclude that polyolefin waste-derived pyrolysis fuel oils can be applied as ANFO’s fuel component.

An Experimental Investigation of Burning Droplets of Emulsified Marine Fuel Oils with Water

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Cherng-Yuan Lin ◽  
Chein-Ming Lin ◽  
Che-Shiung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Burning Time ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
O 15 ◽  
Time Required

An experimental investigation is presented of the influences of emulsification of marine fuel oils A and C with water on the micro-explosion phenomenon and combustion characteristics of a burning droplet. The amount of surfactant and water-to-oil ratio by volume in the emulsion are varied to observe the variations of ignition delay, flame length, time required to attain the maximum flame length, duration as well as intensity of micro-explosion, flame appearance, and overall burning time. The measurements show that the emulsification effects on the combustion of marine fuel oils A and C are different. A droplet of C-oil emulsion is shown to be influenced by the addition of water and surfactant more significantly. The micro-explosion phenomena of droplets of A-and C-oil emulsions are seen to occur after and before their ignition, respectively. In addition, separate combinations of water and surfactant content exist for these fuel oils to achieve better emulsification effects on combustion. Droplets of emulsions with W/O = 15/85, E% = 2% for fuel oil A and W/O = 25/75, E% = 1% for fuel oil C are found to have the most violent droplet-disruption phenomenon and the longest flame length.

Review and proposed extension of the APPEA Method for estimating levels of financial assurance

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
David Horn ◽  
Kristina Downey ◽  
Andrew Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Financial Assurance ◽  
Safety And Environment ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

In 2014, the Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association (APPEA) published the ‘Method to assist titleholders in estimating appropriate levels of financial assurance for pollution incidents arising from petroleum activities’, referred to as the APPEA Method. The APPEA Method provides a standard approach to quantifying the appropriate level of financial assurance required under the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (OPGGS Act). The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environment Management Authority (NOPSEMA) endorsed the APPEA Method for an initial period of 2 years (until December 2016) with the requirement that APPEA review the method against a broader range of case studies to confirm its validity. In 2017, APPEA applied the APPEA Method to 18 case studies, comparing independently calculated cost estimates with the APPEA Method cost band for each case study. For 17 of the 18 case studies, the independent cost estimate was less than the APPEA Method cost band, confirming the validity of the APPEA Method for those case studies. For one of the case studies involving marine fuel oil, the APPEA Method cost band potentially underestimated the response and clean-up costs. The robustness of the APPEA Method can be improved by amending the hydrocarbon type impact score for fuel oils. Based on the review, NOPSEMA has since endorsed the APPEA Method until September 2018. The APPEA Method is currently endorsed for incidents in which the total volume of hydrocarbon released is <1 000 000 m3 and the total volume of oil ashore is <25 000 m3. Based on an assessment of the response and clean-up costs from three additional case studies that exceeded these limits, amendments to the APPEA Method are proposed that would extend the range of incidents to which it could be applied.

An Automated Method for the Continuous Determination of Total Sodium in Fuel Oil

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Giering
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Continuous Analysis ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
On Line ◽  
Total Sodium ◽  
Continuous Determination

Fuel oils are frequently contaminated with sodium salts. Users of gas turbines are concerned with the level of sodium in fuel because of the deleterious effects to the turbine. Until recently, on-line continuous methods of analysis did not reliably measure the total sodium in a given fuel. A method is described for the continuous analysis of total sodium present in fuel oils regardless of its chemical form. A small amount of surfactant, “Liquid G” is added to the fuel, and the total sodium in the resulltant solution is determined by flame photometry. The method described provides for the continuous and reliable measurement of sodium in fuel.

Highly efficient Co(II) porphyrin catalysts for the extractive oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene in fuel oils under mild conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Deependra Tripathi ◽  
Inderpal Yadav ◽  
Himani Negi ◽  
Raj K. Singh ◽  
Vimal C. Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Reaction Optimization ◽  
Middle Distillate Fuel ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Distillate Fuel

Co(II) porphyrins have been utilized as efficient and selective catalysts for the extractive oxidative desulfurization reaction on the refractory dibenzothiophene (DBT) in [Formula: see text]-dodecane (model middle distillate fuel oil). The acetonitrile was taken as extracting polar solvent and H2O2 was used as oxidant. The reaction optimization was done with respect to DBT:catalyst molar ratio; DBT:H2O2 molar ratio; extracting solvent: CH3CN/[Formula: see text]-dodecane volume ratio; reaction temperature and time. Under the optimized conditions, a maximum of [Formula: see text]98% DBT removal was achieved by using the meso-tetrakis(4[Formula: see text] methoxyphenyl)porphyrinatocobalt(II) as catalyst under mild conditions at 50[Formula: see text]C.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Erosion and Characteristics of Deposits in Gas Turbines Burning Heavy High Sulfur Fuel Oil

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Wong-Moreno ◽  
Alicia Sánchez-Villalvazo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Residual Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oils ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Heavy, brittle and very hard deposits built on the first row vanes have caused severe erosion of all the first stage blades of a gas turbine during operation with washed and treated heavy residual fuel oil. The high sulphur (3.5–4.0 wt.%) fuel oil consumed by the turbine is also high in vanadium (280–290 ppm) and asphaltene content. In the present work the results of an investigation on the physical and chemical characteristics of erosive ash deposits as a function of operation conditions and fuel oil characteristics are presented. The structure and chemistry of deposits were studied by chemical analysis, x-ray diffraction, microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy. It was confirmed that deposit friability is enhanced by its MgSO4 content and that its hardness depends on the amount of MgO present. It was also found a clear correlation between the gas inlet temperature and the size of the ash particles deposited, and on the degree of compactness and hardness of the deposit. The role of the unburned particles, unavoidable in the combustion of heavy fuel oils, is discussed in relation to their influence on the effectiveness of the magnesium inhibitor.

Autoignition of Heavy Fuel Oil Sprays at High Pressures and Temperatures

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. G. Baert
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oils

This paper reports on an experimental study of the autoignition behavior of several heavy fuel oils in a large constant-volume combustion chamber with single-shot injection. In the experiments the pressure and the temperature of the air in the combustion chamber before fuel injection varied between 30 and 70 bar and between 730 and 920 K. Illumination delay and pressure delay values have been correlated with these pressures and temperatures. It is shown that for all but one of the fuels examined, ignition delay ranking changes little with the choice of ignition delay definition, but more with the pressure and temperature conditions in the combustion chamber. The usefulness of the Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index is discussed.

Response To Bunker Fuel Oil: The Options

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lunel ◽  
Louise Davies
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Rule Of Thumb ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Bunker Fuel

ABSTRACT As a general “rule of thumb,” a dispersant response is not the most appropriate response to a spill of Intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO)-380 bunker fuel oil However, as with all rules of thumb, there are some exceptions. There has been increasing evidence that a limited number of oil spill dispersants can be used on certain types of oil spill where previously dispersants would not have been considered. A new dispersant tested in field trials carried out by AEA Technology in 1997 (Lunel and Lewis, 1999), indicated that there might be an opportunity to treat viscous emulsions and bunker fuel oils by dispersant spraying. Following these field trials, AEA Technology undertook a number of laboratory-based studies, including tests in France during the first week of the Erika spill, which indicate that IFO-180 and IFO-380 bunker fuel oils may be dispersible under favorable conditions when fresh and when lightly emulsified. At present, the authors conclude that the rule of thumb—a dispersant response is not likely to be the most appropriate response to most spills of IFO-380—holds. However, the authors believe that there may be some conditions when a dispersant response can be considered as part of a response to a spill of IFO-380 to reduce the volume of oil beaching. It has been recognized by most experts dealing with this issue that a field trial is needed to establish the validity of this assertion. In the absence of a field trial, the authors believe that a dispersant response to IFO-380 can be considered providing that:The reduction of volume beaching will result in a significant net environmental or economic benefit.The sea temperature is 10°–15°C or greater.The dispersant to be used is COREXIT®9500, Dasic Slickgone LTSW, Inipol 90, or Superdispersant 25.The characteristics of the IFO-380 are known and have been assessed by an oil spill expert at the time of the spill.In situ monitoring is in place to assess whether the response is effective.

scholarly journals (85-86)Study on the Conversion of Low-Temperature Tar into Fuel Oil.

1949 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
W. Funasaka ◽  
Ch. Yokokawa ◽  
K. Hayashi ◽  
T. Kawamura ◽  
H. Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fuel Oil

Experimental Study on the Response Characteristics of Oilcans under High-Velocity Fragment Impact

2012 ◽  
Vol 510 ◽  
pp. 500-506
Author(s):  
Chang Hai Chen ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
Hai Liang Hou ◽  
Li Jun Zhang ◽  
Ting Tang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
The Impact

To explore the deflagration possibility of the warship cabin filled with fuel oil under impact of high-speed fragments in the condition of room temperature, experiments were carried out employing the small aluminium oilcans filled with fuel oil. Response processes of the oilcans were observed with the help of a high-speed camera. The disintegration as well as flying scattering of the oilcans were analyzed. The reasons for atomization of the fuel oils were presented. Finally, the deflagration possibility of warship oil cabin was analyzed. Results show that the pressure inside the oilcan is quite great under the impact of the high-speed fragment, which makes the oilcan disintegration and flying scattering. Simultaneously, fuel oils inside the oilcans are atomized quickly followed by ejected in front and back directions. Under the same condition as in present tests, deflagration will not occur for fuel oils used by warships. Experimental results will provide valuable references for the deflagration analysis of warship fuel oil cabins subjected to the impact of high-velocity fragments.

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