Approximate Constant-Coefficient Multiplication Using Hybrid Binary-Unary Computing for FPGAs

Multipliers are used in virtually all Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications such as image and video processing. Multiplier efficiency has a direct impact on the overall performance of such applications, especially when real-time processing is needed, as in 4K video processing, or where hardware resources are limited, as in mobile and IoT devices. We propose a novel, low-cost, low energy, and high-speed approximate constant coefficient multiplier (CCM) using a hybrid binary-unary encoding method. The proposed method implements a CCM using simple routing networks with no logic gates in the unary domain, which results in more efficient multipliers compared to Xilinx LogiCORE IP CCMs and table-based KCM CCMs (Flopoco) on average. We evaluate the proposed multipliers on 2-D discrete cosine transform algorithm as a common DSP module. Post-routing FPGA results show that the proposed multipliers can improve the {area, area × delay, power consumption, and energy-delay product} of a 2-D discrete cosine transform on average by {30%, 33%, 30%, 31%}. Moreover, the throughput of the proposed 2-D discrete cosine transform is on average 5% more than that of the binary architecture implemented using table-based KCM CCMs. We will show that our method has fewer routability issues compared to binary implementations when implementing a DCT core.

ANALISIS MULTIPLIER EFFECT PAJAK, INVESTASI DAN PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

This study aims to measure the magnitude of the multiplier number coefficient (multiplier effect coefficient) tax, investment and government expenditure and its impact on the economic growth of East Kalimantan Province. The data sources used are secondary data derived from publication data by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Province at East KalimantanThis type of research is quantitative descriptive. The analytical method uses the Economic Balance equation model, namely Y = C + I + G with a Multiplier Effect Coefficient analysis, which consists of a tax multiplier (kT), investment multiplier (kI) and government expenditure multiplier (kG). The observed / measured variables are the level of GDP, the level of household consumption, the total investment value of both the private sector and the government, and the amount of government expenditure.

FPGA Based Optimized Reconfigurable Base-2 Constant Coefficient Multiplier Architecture for Image Filtering

Image convolution using FPGA has been comprehensively used for noise removal of Reconfigurable computing based image Processing Algorithm. Particularly these filters are widely used in embedded computer vision applications like edge detection and Feature extraction analysis. Practical implementation of filter requires enormous computational requirement. The multiplier plays very important role in the image convolution. The existed multiplier design requires more computational complexity for the 3x3 test image. For this the proposed reconfigurable constant coefficient multiplier uses base-2 Common sub expression algorithm. which reduces the computational complexity in a better way. The proposed 2D-convolution in image application is the value of resultant output is multiplication of image pixel with corresponding kernel value. In this work the realization of 2D convolution to be done using proposed constant coefficient multiplier and analyzed using Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA platform

A General Correlation for Condensation Heat Transfer in Micro-Fin for Herringbone and Dimple-Texture Tubes

An experimental investigation was performed to evaluate the condensation characteristics inside smooth, herringbone and dimple-textured (Vipertex 1EHT) tubes; with the same outer diameter (12.7 mm); using R22 and R410a refrigerants; for a mass flux that ranges from 81 to 178.5 kg/m 2 s. The condensation saturation temperature is 47°C; with an inlet quality of 0.8 and an outlet vapor quality of 0.2. Results indicate that the condensation heat transfer coefficient of the herringbone tube was approximately 3 times that of the smooth tube for R22; and has an enhancement heat transfer factor of 2.3 for R410a. The enhancement heat transfer coefficient multiplier for the textured dimple tube is approximately 2 times that of a smooth tube for R22; and 1.8 for R410a. Severalpreviously reported correlations are used to compare the heat transfer coefficient measurements in the plain tube; while a new equation is proposed to predict the heat transfer coefficient in the herringbone tube.

Valoración de bienes rústicos de utilidad pública: La expropiación forzosa por las obras del AVE en la provincia de León

Con motivo de la expropiación forzosa de fincas en la provincia de León debido a las obras del Tren de Alta Velocidad, AVE, los propietarios de ochenta y dos fincas de los Ayuntamientos de Villanueva de las Manzanas, Santas Martas y Vega de Infanzones, solicitaron un estudio de valoración alternativo de las mismas para presentarlo, en forma de alegaciones individuales, al Jurado Provincial de Expropiación Forzosa de León, tal y como es su derecho, según la Ley de Expropiación Forzosa, LEF, por su desacuerdo con la oferta de la Entidad Expropiante.<br />En este artículo se presenta el método, se justifican los criterios de valoración, se presentan y analizan los resultados obtenidos y se elaboran las conclusiones a partir de los informes individuales, tras el reconocimiento de los terrenos afectados y su entorno, en base a datos obtenidos bien sea de la propia entidad expropiante bien de la normativa autonómica en vigor en el momento de la expropiación, o bien de la Ley del Suelo 8/2007 en lo referente a la toma de decisiones para el planteamiento de las hipótesis de partida del estudio.<br />Por último, se justifican la tasa del tipo de interés utilizado para la Capitalización de las rentas, en base a normativa vigente o estudios oficiales, y el coeficiente multiplicador del valor de las mismas, según los modelos territoriales de situación respecto a un núcleo urbano, ambos parámetros necesarios para determinar el valor de las parcelas.<br /><br />On the occasion of the necessary expropriation of lands in the province of León due to the works of the High-speed train, AVE (HIGH SPEED TRAIN), the owners of eighty two plots of Villanueva de las Manzanas, Santas Martas and Vega de Infanzones, requested an choice study of valuation of the same ones it to present, in the individual allegations, to the Provincial Juror of Necessary Expropriation of León, as it is your choice, according to the Spanish Law of Necessary Expropriation, LEF, for your disagreement with the offer of the Entity Expropriator.<br />In this article on presents the method, the criteria of valuation justify themselves, appear and analyze the obtained results and the conclusions are elaborated from the individual reports, After the recognition of the affected areas and her environment, on the basis of information obtained well be of the own entity expropriator well of the autonomous county regulation in effect in the moment of the expropriation, or of the Spanish Law of the Soil of 8/2007 in what concerns the capture of decisions for the approach of the hypotheses of the his work.<br />Finally, they justify the rate of the interest rate used for the Capitalization of the agrarian revenues, on the basis of in force regulation or official studies, and the coefficient multiplier of the value of the same ones, according to the territorial models of lands situation with regard to an urban core, both necessary parameters to determine the value of the plots.<br />