scholarly journals Genetic characteristics of group A rotaviruses circulating in the Orenburg region during various epidemic seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
N. B. Denisyuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A

Objective. To analyze the genetic structure of rotaviruses of group A, circulating on the territory of the Orenburg region in different epidemic seasons.Materials and methods: The genetic structure of rotaviruses by G/P alleles was determined in 341 fecal samples of patients with gastroenteritis clinic under the age of 5 years in various epidemic seasons. ELISA and PCR methods were used. The typing of rotaviruses was conducted on the basis of the laboratory of molecular diagnostic and epidemiology of enteric infections of the Department molecular diagnostics Central research Institute of epidemiology.Results: The general genetic structure of group a rotaviruses circulating in the Orenburg region in the period from 2014—2020 was determined, expressed, by the frequencies of G/P alleles. The genetic potential of group a rotaviruses for the entire study period was represented by twelve variants of genotypes for G/P alleles, the leading role in the epidemic process was played by genotypes with the highest frequency of occurrence: G4[P]8, G9[P]8, G2[P]4, Mixt. The frequency of registration of combined forms of various rotavirus genotypes (Mixed forms) was 5,9%.Conclusion: The main and dominant genotypes, their regional diversity and inter-seasonal fluctuations are established. The spectrum of circulating rotavirus genotypes differed in different epidemic seasons, and their epidemic significance is shown.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of unusual G10P[33], G6P[14] genomic constellations and evidence of zooanthroponosis in bovines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M Sawant ◽  
S Digraskar ◽  
V. Gopalkrishna
Keyword(s):  
Western India ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
Vp6 Gene ◽  
Neonatal Calves

AbstractGroup A rotaviruses (RVA) are a major cause of diarrhea in neonatal calves and children. The present study examined G/P combinations and genetic characteristics of RVAs in diarrheic bovine calves in Western India. RVAs were detected in 27 samples (17.64%) with predominance of G10P[11] (51.85%), followed by previously unreported genomic constellations, G6P[14] (14.81%), and, G6P[4] (7.40%) and G10P[33] (3.70%). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed circulation of G10 (Lineage-5), G6 (Lineage-2), P[11] (Lineage-3), P[14] (proposed Lineage-8) and P[4] (Lineage-3) genotypes. The predominant G10P[11] strains were typical bovine strains and exhibited genotypic homogeneity. The rare, G10P[33] strain, had VP7 and VP4 genes of bovine origin but resemblance of VP6 gene with simian strain indicated possible reassortment between bovine and simian (SA11-like) strains. The VP6 and VP7 genes of other two rare strains, G6P[14] and G6P[4], were similar to those of bovine stains, but the VP4 was closely related to those of the human-bovine like and human strains, respectively. Additionally, in VP4 gene phylogenetic tree Indian P[14] strains constituted a closely related genetic cluster distinct from the other P[14] strains, hence Lineage-8 was proposed for them. These findings indicated that bovines could serve as source for anthropozoonotic transmission of G6P[14] strains while zooanthroponotic transmission followed by reassortment with human strain gave rise to G6P[4] strains. The observations of present study reinforce the potential of rotaviruses to cross the host-species barrier and undergo reassortant to increase genetic diversity which necessitates their continuous surveillance for development and optimization of prevention strategies against zoonotic RVAs.

scholarly journals Rotaviruses and Rotavirus Vaccines

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Celeste M. Donato ◽  
Julie E. Bines
Keyword(s):  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Outer Capsid

Group A rotaviruses belong to the Reoviridae virus family and are classified into G and P genotypes based on the outer capsid proteins VP7 and VP4, respectively [...]

scholarly journals Regional differences in general practitioners’ behaviours regarding influenza vaccination: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Arlt ◽  
Kristina Flaegel ◽  
Katja Goetz ◽  
Jost Steinhaeuser
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Research Institute ◽  
World Health ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The World Health Organization recommends vaccination rates of 75% against seasonal influenza for patients over 65 years old. In the 2013/2014 season, the German vaccination rates ranged between 14 and 65%. This study aimed to compare the attitudes, personal characteristics and vaccination behaviours of general practitioners (GPs) in regions with high and low vaccination rates in Germany. Methods In May 2016, a questionnaire was sent to 1594 GPs practising in 16 districts with the highest and the lowest vaccination rates in Western and Eastern Germany as described by the Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany for the 2013/2014 season. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were computed to identify potential factors associated with high vaccination rates. Results A total response rate of 32% (515/1594 participants) was observed in the study. GPs reported their attitudes towards vaccination in general and vaccination against influenza as mostly ‘very positive’ (80%, n = 352 and 65%, n = 288, respectively). GPs practising in regions with low vaccination rates reported their attitudes towards vaccinations in general (p = 0.004) and towards influenza vaccination (p = 0.001) more negatively than their colleagues from regions with high vaccination rates. Multiple logistic regression identified an increasing influence of year-dependent changing efficiency on GPs’ influenza rates as the strongest factor for predicting GPs from highly vaccinating regions (OR = 4.31 [1.12–16.60]), followed by the patient’s vaccination refusal despite GP advice due to already receiving a vaccination from another physician (OR = 3.20 [1.89–5.43]) and vaccination information gathering through medical colleagues (OR = 2.26 [1.19–4.29]). Conclusions The results of this study suggest a correlation between GPs’ attitudes and regional vaccination rates. Beneath GPs’ individual attitudes, the regional attitude patterns of patients, colleagues and medical assistants surrounding those GPs seem decisive and should be integrated into future campaigns to increase vaccination rates at a regional level.

scholarly journals On the experimental production of congenital goitre

1916 ◽  
Vol 89 (616) ◽  
pp. 322-327
Keyword(s):  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Military Duty ◽  
Active Service ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Research Institute

The experiment herein described was undertaken at the Central Research Institute, Kasauli, India. It commenced on September 6, 1913, and terminated, owing to my recall to military duty for active service, on December 24, 1914. Having been on service for the past 18 months I have not hitherto had an opportunity to report it. Object of the Experiment . Its object was to determine the cause of congenital goitre and the conditions under which it developed in large animals, and to confirm and amplify the results I had obtained by previous experimentation on white rats.

scholarly journals A Survey of G6 and G10 Serotypes of Group a Bovine Rotaviruses from Diarrheic Beef and Dairy Calves using Monoclonal Antibodies in ELISA

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lucchelli ◽  
S. Y. Kang ◽  
M. K. Jayasekera ◽  
A. V. Parwani ◽  
D. H. Zeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Group A

Group A bovine rotaviruses (BRV) have been identified worldwide as a major cause of diarrhea in the young of many species, including humans. Group A rotaviruses are classified into serotypes on the basis of the outer capsid proteins, VP7 (G types) and VP4 (P types). To date, there are 14 G types of group A rotaviruses, with G1, G6, G8, and G10 described for BRV isolates. In this study, G6- and G lo-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the G typing of BRV-positive stool samples from diarrheic beef and dairy calves from South Dakota, Ohio, Michigan, Nebraska, and Washington, USA, and Ontario, Canada. ELISA plates were coated using a broadly reactive VP7 MAb (Common 60) or with G6- or G10-specific MAbs. BRV-positive fecal samples were diluted and added to duplicate wells, followed by the addition of polyclonal guinea pig anti-group A rotavirus serum as the secondary antibody. Several reference G6 and G10 BRV strains as well as other G types previously reported in cattle (G1, G2, G3, G8) and BRV-negative samples were included as G type specificity and negative controls. From a total of 308 field samples analyzed, 79% (244/308) tested positive by the broadly reactive VP7 MAb; of these, 54% (131/244) were G6 positive, 14% (35/244) were G10 positive, 4% (9/244) were both G6 and G10 positive, and 28% (69/244) were G6 and G10 negative. The negative samples may represent additional or undefined serotypes. The 89 samples from South Dakota were further subdivided into samples from beef ( n = 43) or dairy ( n = 46) herds. G6 was more prevalent in beef herd samples (67%) than in dairy herd samples (47.5%). In addition, dairy herds had higher percentages of G10-positive samples (17.5%) G6-G10 double positives (10%), and untypable samples (25%) than did beef herds, in which the prevalence of G10 positive samples was 5.5%, G6-G10 double positives was 5.5%, and untypable samples was 22%. Application of the serotype ELISA for the analysis of additional BRV samples will provide further epidemiologic data on the distribution of BRV serotypes in beef or dairy cattle, an important consideration for the development of improved BRV vaccines.

scholarly journals Electropherotypes and G-Types of Group A Rotaviruses Detected in Children with Diarrhea in Lagos, Nigeria

ISRN Virology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christianah Idowu Ayolabi ◽  
David Ajiboye Ojo ◽  
George Enyimah Armah
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Health Care Centers ◽  
Virus Isolates

Approximately over 500,000 children die annually due to severe dehydrating diarrhea caused by rotaviruses. This work investigated rotavirus infection among children less than 5 years with diarrhea in Lagos and determined the circulating electropherotypes and genotypes of the virus isolates. Three hundred and two (n=302) stool samples from children below 60 months were collected from different hospitals and health care centers in Lagos and subjected to enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to determine the presence of Group A rotavirus, RT-PCR to determine the G-types, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to determine the electropherotypes. The results show that 60.3% of the samples showed distinct rotavirus RNA migration pattern, having long electropherotypes (55.3%) of seven variations dominating over the short electropherotypes (44.5%). Six different G-types were detected (G1, G2, G3, G4, G9, and G12). Serotypes G1 and G12 showed long electropherotypic pattern while G2, G3, and G9 exhibited either short or long electropherotype. All G4 detected show short electropherotypic pattern. In conclusion, information on the genomic diversity and RNA electropherotypes of rotaviruses detected in children with diarrhea in Lagos is reported in this study.

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