EVALUASI KETERSEDIAAN FASILITAS KESEHATAN YANG MEMADAI TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN REVOLUSI KIA DI MANGGARAI

ABSTRAKRevolusi KIA merupakan salah satu terobosan pemerintah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dalam rangka mempercepat penurunan kematian ibu dan bayi dengan cara luar biasa melalui persalinan pada fasilitas kesehatan yang memadai dan siap 24 jam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ketersediaan fasilitas kesehatan memadai yang meliputi kuantitas dan kualitas tenaga kesehatan, ketersediaan sarana fisik, obat dan peralatan kesehatan serta pembiayaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam pada 15 partisipan kunci yang meliputi kepala bidang kesehatan masyarakat Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Manggarai, kepala puskesmas, bidan, masyarakat (ibu nifas). Data dianalisis secara thematic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan fasilitas kesehatan yang memadai untuk mendukung kebijakan revolusi KIA di Kabupaten Manggarai belum optimal seperti jumlah dokter yang sangat terbatas, kualitas tenaga kesehatan yang belum memadai, belum semua fasilitas kesehatan memiliki fasilitas rumah tunggu persalinan, peralatan kesehatan yang masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan komitmen pemerintah Kabupaten Manggarai untuk terus berupaya meningkatkan kualitas tenaga kesehatan, merekrut tenaga dokter, menyediakan rumah tunggu persalinan dan mengalokasikan anggaran yang cukup untuk pembiayaan kesehatan. Kata Kunci : Revolusi, KIA, Fasilitas, kesehatan, memadai THE EVALUATION OF THE AVAILABILITY OF GOOD HEALTH FACILITIES TO SUPPORT THE REVOLUSI KIA PROGRAM IN MANGGARAI ABSTRACTRevolusi KIA is one of the programs of Nusa Tenggara Timur Province (NTT) aim at decreasing the maternal and infant mortality by providing the good health facilities for 24 hour service. This research aims to evaluate the availability of the good health facilities by looking at some aspects such as the quantity and quality of professional health, the availability of physical buildings, medicine, medical tools and finance. This research uses qualitative model by depth interview with 15 key informants from varied background like health public health office of Manggarai Regency, the head of Puskesmas, midwife and puerperal mother. Data analyzed thematically. The result shows that from the side of providing the good health facilities, the Revolusi KIA Program of Manggarai Regency has not run optimally in decreasing the maternal and infant mortality. In indicates through the lack of doctors, the bad quality of health workers, lack of maternity waiting house and the limit of medical tools. Therefore, the local government must seriously improve the quality of health workers, increase the number of doctors, provide the maternity waiting house and allocate the enough budget for health financing. Keyword : Revolusi, KIA, facilities, health

WHICH TEAM ARE WE, LEAD TEACHER OR BOSS TEACHER? (AN INVESTIGATION OF IN-SERVICE TEACHERS’ THINKING AND DO TOWARD STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOR AND CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT)

Classroom management always be interesting issue to be discussed over years. It grows more interesting to be explored in its relation to the students’ behavior. By conducting a mini case study, the researchers obtained the data mainly by questionnaire and observations. The participant of this study is 23 in-service teachers who have a varied background and teaching experiences. The findings of this research show in detail how the teachers’ thinking toward the students’ behavior and their strategies to manage their classes. It is found out that the participants admitted that their students are mostly having disruptive behavior. However, the findings show that some of the teachers are able to have a proper strategy to deal with those behaviors; yet, they got difficulty to apply the strategies to the field. Conclusively, the obtained data also reveal which participant belongs to lead teacher and boss teacher.

Use of Information Resources Among the Civil Service Exam Aspirants With Special Reference to Tamil Nadu, India

The Indian Civil Service serves as the backbone of India and carries great respect and responsibilities. The best brains of the country vie for entry into the Indian Civil Services as officers. The civil servants are thrust responsibility of managing the economic, natural, and human resources of the country. They constitute of individuals from different walks of life and different educational and social backgrounds who exhibit the qualities of integrity, vision, and commitment to the nation. The varied background of individuals creates a perfect amalgamation mirroring the Indian social reality giving it a holistic perspective. The results of the study revealed that the respondents have reasonable information awareness and skills to locate and retrieve information resources.

Colourless agar for enhancing colour contrast between microbial colonies and agar

Lack of colour contrast hampers automated identification of colonies on agar, given that many microbial colonies are of the same colour as the background colour of most agar: beige colour. On the other hand, a colourless agar could increase the colour contrast between the agar background and microbial colonies. But, the challenge in preparing a colourless agar comes from the formation of coloured compounds when sugars and ammonium compounds are sterilized together in an autoclave. Hence, by separating glucose and ammonium compounds into different solutions for autoclave sterilization, a method was developed for preparing colourless agar that remained colourless even with 1 g/L of yeast extract supplementation. Specifically, three separate solutions were used in reconstituting the colourless agar at ~48 oC after individual sterilization. Solution A comprised glucose, MgSO4 and agar powder; Solution B contained NH4Cl, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, and NaCl; and Solution C was yeast extract solution for providing vitamins and trace elements needed by microorganisms unable to grow in minimal medium. Reconstituted colourless agar could be poured into agar plates using standard techniques and had a viscosity similar to many commercial agar. Composition of the colourless agar medium was [g/L]: D-Glucose, 2.0; NH4Cl, 0.5; K2HPO4, 0.5; KH2PO4, 0.1; NaCl, 0.5; MgSO4.7H2O, 1.0; Yeast extract, 1.0; Agar, 15.0. On observation against varied background images, the formulated colourless agar lacked the yellow tinge present in LB Lennox agar and had greater optical transparency. Good growth of common bacteria such as Escherichia coli DH5α (ATCC 53868), Bacillus subtilis NRS-762 (ATCC 8473) and Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 (ATCC BAA-477) was observed in both liquid and solid versions of the formulated colourless agar medium. Specifically, colonies of E. coli DH5α, B. subtilis NRS-762 and P. protegens Pf-5 exhibited similar morphology and characteristics compared to growth on LB Lennox agar. Use of the formulated agar medium in cultivating microbial flora present in deionized water recovered many types of colonies, which suggested that the medium was able to support a variety of microbial species. Collectively, by separately sterilizing sugars and ammonium compounds, a method was developed for preparing colourless agar which helped improve colour contrast for colony identification and counting. The formulated colourless agar could find use in various microbial ecology studies seeking to profile microbes from different environmental niches.

Colourless agar for enhancing colour contrast between microbial colonies and agar

Lack of colour contrast hampers automated identification of colonies on agar, given that many microbial colonies are of the same colour as the background colour of most agar: beige colour. On the other hand, a colourless agar could increase the colour contrast between the agar background and microbial colonies. But, the challenge in preparing a colourless agar comes from the formation of coloured compounds when sugars and ammonium compounds are sterilized together in an autoclave. Hence, by separating glucose and ammonium compounds into different solutions for autoclave sterilization, a method was developed for preparing colourless agar that remained colourless even with 1 g/L of yeast extract supplementation. Specifically, three separate solutions were used in reconstituting the colourless agar at ~48 oC after individual sterilization. Solution A comprised glucose, MgSO4 and agar powder; Solution B contained NH4Cl, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, and NaCl; and Solution C was yeast extract solution for providing vitamins and trace elements needed by microorganisms unable to grow in minimal medium. Reconstituted colourless agar could be poured into agar plates using standard techniques and had a viscosity similar to many commercial agar. Composition of the colourless agar medium was [g/L]: D-Glucose, 2.0; NH4Cl, 0.5; K2HPO4, 0.5; KH2PO4, 0.1; NaCl, 0.5; MgSO4.7H2O, 1.0; Yeast extract, 1.0; Agar, 15.0. On observation against varied background images, the formulated colourless agar lacked the yellow tinge present in LB Lennox agar and had greater optical transparency. Good growth of common bacteria such as Escherichia coli DH5α (ATCC 53868), Bacillus subtilis NRS-762 (ATCC 8473) and Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 (ATCC BAA-477) was observed in both liquid and solid versions of the formulated colourless agar medium. Specifically, colonies of E. coli DH5α, B. subtilis NRS-762 and P. protegens Pf-5 exhibited similar morphology and characteristics compared to growth on LB Lennox agar. Use of the formulated agar medium in cultivating microbial flora present in deionized water recovered many types of colonies, which suggested that the medium was able to support a variety of microbial species. Collectively, by separately sterilizing sugars and ammonium compounds, a method was developed for preparing colourless agar which helped improve colour contrast for colony identification and counting. The formulated colourless agar could find use in various microbial ecology studies seeking to profile microbes from different environmental niches.

The Relation between Creativity, Identity and Political Expression in the Writings of Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Shahnon Ahmad

The presence of political elements within literary works is often seen as something provocative. Through a framework proposed by C. R. Rogers in his essay entitled “Towards a Theory of Creativity”, this article will demonstrate the close link between an author, his creativity and the political theme in the creation of his literary works. This framework enables the author’s personal attributes and personality to be linked to the political elements featured in his works. The creativity of a political novelist is found to be dependent on his surroundings, experience and political awareness. In relation to this, two authors of political novels are highlighted in this research. They are Shahnon Ahmad (Malaysia) who produced Tunggul-Tunggul Gerigis and Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Latin America) famed for his work One Hundred Years of Solitude . It is discovered through this research that the two political novelists did not write in a vacuum. The presence of political subjects specifically mentioned in their works clearly originates from their real-life surroundings which have consolidated into their identity, personality and authorship as political writers. In other words, politics is the authors’ flesh and blood and this allows political subjects to be crafted and expressed in their creative works. Hence an author without a varied background in politics will never be able to create or produce effective political works or novels. Keyword: political novel, creativity, myths, authorship, comparative literature

Can older people remember medication reminders presented using synthetic speech?

Reminders are often part of interventions to help older people adhere to complicated medication regimes. Computer-generated (synthetic) speech is ideal for tailoring reminders to different medication regimes. Since synthetic speech may be less intelligible than human speech, in particular under difficult listening conditions, we assessed how well older people can recall synthetic speech reminders for medications. 44 participants aged 50–80 with no cognitive impairment recalled reminders for one or four medications after a short distraction. We varied background noise, speech quality, and message design. Reminders were presented using a human voice and two synthetic voices. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Reminder recall was satisfactory if reminders were restricted to one familiar medication, regardless of the voice used. Repeating medication names supported recall of lists of medications. We conclude that spoken reminders should build on familiar information and be integrated with other adherence support measures.

Top-Down and Bottom-Up Cues Based Moving Object Detection for Varied Background Video Sequences

Moving object detection is a crucial and critical task for any surveillance system. Conventionally, a moving object detection task is performed on the basis of consecutive frame difference or background models which are based on some mathematical aspects or probabilistic approaches. But, these approaches are based on some initial conditions and short amount of time is needed to learn all these models. Also, the bottleneck in all these previous approaches is that they require neat and clean background or need to create a background first by using some approaches and that it is essential to update them regularly to cope with the illuminating changes. In this paper, moving object detection is executed using visual attention where there is no need for background formulation and updates as it is background independent. Many bottom-up approaches and one combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches are proposed in the present paper. The proposed approaches seem more efficient due to inessential requirement of learning background model and due to being independent of previous video frames. Results indicate that the proposed approach works even against slight movements in the background and in various outdoor conditions.

Asian Americans: Chinese

Chinese Americans were the first group of immigrants from Asia who came to the United States in the mid-19th century. A second wave of immigrants came following the Immigrant Act of 1965. These new immigrants had more diverse backgrounds and introduced new patterns of lifestyle. Since 1965, the Chinese population has increased 10-fold to reaching 2.9 million in the 2000 census, becoming 1% of the total U.S. population. Chinese Americans are in a varied background and with diverse identities. Two-thirds are foreign-born and experiencing stereotype, prejudice, and acculturation adjustment.