Regression Models to Estimate Accumulation Capability of Six Metals by Two Macrophytes, Typha domingensis and Typha elephantina, Grown in an Arid Climate in the Mountainous Region of Taif, Saudi Arabia

In this study, we explored the capacity for two promising macrophytes, Typha domingensis and Typha elephantina, to be used for the surveillance of contamination by six metals, i.e., Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in the mountainous area of Taif City in Saudi Arabia. Regression models were generated in order to forecast the metal concentrations within the plants’ organs, i.e., the leaves, flowers, peduncles, rhizomes, and roots. The sediment mean values for pH and the six metals varied amongst the sampling locations for the respective macrophytes, indicating that similar life forms fail to indicate equivalent concentrations. For instance, dissimilar concentrations of the metals under investigation were observed within the organs of the two rooted macrophytes. The research demonstrated that the segregation of metals is a regular event in all the investigated species in which the metal concentrations vary amongst the different plant constituent types. In the current study, T. domingensis and T. elephantina varied in their capacity to absorb specific metals; the bioaccumulation of metals was greater within T. domingensis. The relationships between the observed and model-estimated metal levels, in combination with high R2 and modest mean averaged errors, offered an appraisal of the goodness of fit of most of the generated models. The t-tests revealed no variations between the observed and model-estimated concentrations of the six metals under investigation within the organs of the two macrophytes, which emphasised the precision of the models. These models offer the ability to perform hazard appraisals within ecosystems and to determine the reference criteria for sediment metal concentration. Lastly, T. domingensis and T. elephantina exhibit the potential for bioaccumulation for the alleviation of contamination from metals.

Identification of plant constituents for tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) nest in Batang Toru North Tapanuli

Tapanuli orangutan is an endemic animal in North Sumatra that must be protected so that conservation efforts are needed to preserve it. Tapanuli Orangutan nests are the focus of this research. This research is aimed to know the variety of constituents plant the nests of tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis), to know the kind of the most dominant plant to construct the nests by Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis), the composition of constituents the nests of tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) in North Tapanuli. This research was primery forest Batang Toru National Park. This research using line transect method with 4 transects (transects I, II, III, IV) were used to observe the nest tree and the nest constituent of Tapanuli orangutan. This research results is there are 5 species of of constituents plant the nests with quantity 14 nests. The most dominant tree nest is Syzygium sp (43%), Plant constituent orangutan nests also use the leaves of the Shorea hopeifolia (94.1%), as well as branches of Palaquium gutta (6.6%).

Medicinal plants and their components for wound healing applications

Background Wound is an anatomical and functional disruption of the skin following an injury. In response to the injury, wound healing is a complex process of tissue repair or remodeling. Historically, plants and plant-based constituents have been extensively used for the treatment and management of different types of wounds. In the current times, different types of biopolymers are being researched for developing economical, sustainable, stable, and effective delivery system for the treatment of wounds. Main text The present review article attempts to enlist medicinal plants which have been reported to be effective in the treatment of wounds. Plant constituent-based wound dressings have also been discussed systematically including patented formulations reported by different inventors. Conclusion The compiled data aims to update the researchers/scientists which will be helpful in providing them a directional view in understanding the role and importance of plant-based components for the treatment and management of wounds.

Beyond THC and Endocannabinoids

Research in the cannabinoid field, namely on phytocannabinoids, the endogenous cannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and their metabolizing and synthetic enzymes, the cannabinoid receptors, and anandamide-like cannabinoid compounds, has expanded tremendously over the last few years. Numerous endocannabinoid-like compounds have been discovered. The Cannabis plant constituent cannabidiol (CBD) was found to exert beneficial effects in many preclinical disease models ranging from epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and autoimmunity to neurodegenerative and kidney diseases and cancer. CBD was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of rare forms of childhood epilepsy. This has triggered the development of many CBD-based products for human use, often with overstated claims regarding their therapeutic effects. In this article, the recently published research on the chemistry and biological effects of plant cannabinoids (specifically CBD), endocannabinoids, certain long-chain fatty acid amides, and the variety of relevant receptors is critically reviewed.