scholarly journals Regression Models to Estimate Accumulation Capability of Six Metals by Two Macrophytes, Typha domingensis and Typha elephantina, Grown in an Arid Climate in the Mountainous Region of Taif, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yassin M. Al-Sodany ◽  
Muneera A. Saleh ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Kadry N. Abdel Khalik ◽  
Dhafer A. Al-Bakre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Typha Domingensis ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Plant Constituent

In this study, we explored the capacity for two promising macrophytes, Typha domingensis and Typha elephantina, to be used for the surveillance of contamination by six metals, i.e., Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in the mountainous area of Taif City in Saudi Arabia. Regression models were generated in order to forecast the metal concentrations within the plants’ organs, i.e., the leaves, flowers, peduncles, rhizomes, and roots. The sediment mean values for pH and the six metals varied amongst the sampling locations for the respective macrophytes, indicating that similar life forms fail to indicate equivalent concentrations. For instance, dissimilar concentrations of the metals under investigation were observed within the organs of the two rooted macrophytes. The research demonstrated that the segregation of metals is a regular event in all the investigated species in which the metal concentrations vary amongst the different plant constituent types. In the current study, T. domingensis and T. elephantina varied in their capacity to absorb specific metals; the bioaccumulation of metals was greater within T. domingensis. The relationships between the observed and model-estimated metal levels, in combination with high R2 and modest mean averaged errors, offered an appraisal of the goodness of fit of most of the generated models. The t-tests revealed no variations between the observed and model-estimated concentrations of the six metals under investigation within the organs of the two macrophytes, which emphasised the precision of the models. These models offer the ability to perform hazard appraisals within ecosystems and to determine the reference criteria for sediment metal concentration. Lastly, T. domingensis and T. elephantina exhibit the potential for bioaccumulation for the alleviation of contamination from metals.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals Contents in Soils and Cassava Plants from Farmlands within Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
N. P. Udeh ◽  
A. C. Ikegwuonu ◽  
O. A. Okeke ◽  
C. Obudulu ◽  
K. P. Okafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Metal Enrichment ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
The Mean

Soil samples and cassava tubers collected from farmlands within Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka vicinity were analyzed for their heavy metal levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in order to assess their levels of contamination on the environment as a result of excessive fertilizers and automobile emission. Physiochemical properties of the soil samples were determined using standard methods. The soil pH had a mean value of 6.27 ± 0.07, 6.10 ± 0.06 and 6.57 ± 0.03 respectively indicating that the soils were slightly acidic to neutrality. Total organic carbon and nitrate mean values were 105.20 ± 6.20, 95.75 ± 9.57 and 94.6 ± 2.27 and 138.07 ± 12.09, 149.35 ± 14.25 and 149.20 ± 1.17 respectively showing presence of some organic matters. The mean levels of heavy metals in the soil samples were 0.01 ± 0.01, 0.05 ± 0.03 and 0.05 ± 0.03 for lead (Pb), 0.24 ± 0.16, 0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.001 ± 0.000 for cadmium (Cd) and 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.010 ± 0.006 and 0.001 ± 0.001 for chromium (Cr). These metals levels were in the abundance trend of Pb>Cd> Cr. The mean metal concentrations obtained in the cassava tubers respectively were 0.001 ± 0.001, 0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.005 ± 0.005 for lead (Pb), 0.000 ± 0.000, 0.0003 ± 0.0003 and 0.000 ± 0.000 for cadmium (Cd) and 0.002 ± 0.002, 0.000 ± 0.000 and 0.002 ± 0.002 for chromium (Cr). These metals levels were in the abundance trend of Pb> Cr > Cd. For both the soil and cassava samples, there were no significant variations in the heavy metal concentrations and also in physicochemical parameter except for pH; this showed that there is low heavy metal enrichment in the soils studied. Based on the study, the following heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr) falls within the Codex maximum permissible limits 0.1mg/l or ppm expect soil cadmium in science village which is above the Codex limit. The overall results showed that the farmlands (on soils and cassava tuber) appear to be free from poisoning or some metal enrichment and safe for agricultural purposes and also safe for human health and consumption.

scholarly journals Lip height estimation in a southern African sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Tobias MR Houlton ◽  
Nicolene Jooste ◽  
André Uys ◽  
Maryna Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Face Height ◽  
South African Police Service ◽  
South African Police ◽  
Measuring Tool

INTRODUCTION: The South African Police Service frequently relies on craniofacial approximation and superimposition to assist in identifying unknown deceased individuals. Standards to estimate lip height are however limited. Findings from this study share medical applications. Aims and objectives: Establish reliable standards for estimating lip height using dentoskeletal measurements. METHODS: Cone-beam CTs comprising 124 black and 39 white southern African adults were assessed. A series of dimensions were recorded using a DICOM viewer with an inbuilt measuring tool. Relationships between hard tissue structures (maxillary, mandibular and total central incisor heights, their corresponding root lengths, face height (N-Gn), and nose height (N-Sn)) and respective overlaying soft tissues (upper, lower and total lip heights) were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences were observed between population, sex and age groups. A selection of regression equations to estimate lip height was calculated that included population, sex and approximate age (20-39 and 40+ years) for improved goodness-of-fit (r2-value). Regression models using face height produced the strongest multiple correlation (r-value) and goodness-of-fit (r2-value). Validation testing indicated that regression models often improved upon mean measurements, while offering a degree of individuality that mean values do not.

scholarly journals Serum Zinc, Copper, and Other Biometals Are Associated with COVID-19 Severity Markers

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Skalny ◽  
Peter S. Timashev ◽  
Michael Aschner ◽  
Jan Aaseth ◽  
Lyubov N. Chernova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Metal Levels

The objective of the present study was to evaluate of serum metal levels in COVID-19 patients with different disease severity, and to investigate the independent association between serum metal profile and markers of lung damage. The cohort of COVID-19 patients consisted of groups of subjects with mild, moderate, and severe illness, 50 examinees each. Forty-four healthy subjects of the respective age were involved in the current study as the control group. Serum metal levels were evaluated using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Examination of COVID-19 patients demonstrated that heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, C-reactive protein levels, as well as lung damage increased significantly with COVID-19 severity, whereas SpO2 decreased gradually. Increasing COVID-19 severity was also associated with a significant gradual decrease in serum Ca, Fe, Se, Zn levels as compared to controls, whereas serum Cu and especially Cu/Zn ratio were elevated. No significant group differences in serum Mg and Mn levels were observed. Serum Ca, Fe, Se, Zn correlated positively with SpO2, being inversely associated with fever, lung damage, and C-reactive protein concentrations. Opposite correlations were observed for Cu and Cu/Zn ratio. In regression models, serum Se levels were inversely associated with lung damage independently of other markers of disease severity, anthropometric, biochemical, and hemostatic parameters. Cu/Zn ratio was also considered as a significant predictor of lower SpO2 in adjusted regression models. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that metal metabolism significantly interferes with COVID-19 pathogenesis, although the causal relations as well as precise mechanisms are yet to be characterized.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Trace Metal Levels in Tissues of Two Commercial Fish Species in Kapar and Mersing Coastal Waters, Peninsular Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathi Alhashmi Bashir ◽  
Mohammad Shuhaimi-Othman ◽  
A. G. Mazlan
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
The Relationship

This study is focused on evaluating the trace metal levels in water and tissues of two commercial fish species Arius thalassinus and Pennahia anea that were collected from Kapar and Mersing coastal waters. The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Al, As, Cd and Pb in these coastal waters and muscle, liver and gills tissues of the fishes were quantified. The relationship among the metal concentrations and the height and weight of the two species were also examined. Generally, the iron has the highest concentrations in both water and the fish species. However, Cd in both coastal waters showed high levels exceeding the international standards. The metal level concentration in the sample fishes are in the descending order livers > gills > muscles. A positive association between the trace metal concentrations and weight and length of the sample fishes was investigated. Fortunately the level of these metal concentrations in fish has not exceeded the permitted level of Malaysian and international standards.

scholarly journals Calibration of the depth invariant algorithm to monitor the tidal action of Rabigh City at the Red Sea Coast, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1666-1678
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Aljahdali ◽  
Mohamed Elhag
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
The Mean

AbstractRabigh is a thriving coastal city located at the eastern bank of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The city has suffered from shoreline destruction because of the invasive tidal action powered principally by the wind speed and direction over shallow waters. This study was carried out to calibrate the water column depth in the vicinity of Rabigh. Optical and microwave remote sensing data from the European Space Agency were collected over 2 years (2017–2018) along with the analog daily monitoring of tidal data collected from the marine station of Rabigh. Depth invariant index (DII) was implemented utilizing the optical data, while the Wind Field Estimation algorithm was implemented utilizing the microwave data. The findings of the current research emphasis on the oscillation behavior of the depth invariant mean values and the mean astronomical tides resulted in R2 of 0.75 and 0.79, respectively. Robust linear regression was established between the astronomical tide and the mean values of the normalized DII (R2 = 0.81). The findings also indicated that January had the strongest wind speed solidly correlated with the depth invariant values (R2 = 0.92). Therefore, decision-makers can depend on remote sensing data as an efficient tool to monitor natural phenomena and also to regulate human activities in fragile ecosystems.

scholarly journals Trace Metal Contamination Characteristics and Health Risks Assessment ofCommelina africanaL. and Psammitic Sandflats in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsikak U. Benson ◽  
Paul A. Enyong ◽  
Omowunmi H. Fred-Ahmadu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Metal Levels

The purpose of this study was to investigate and quantify trace metal concentrations inCommelina africanaL. and psammitic sandflats from an intertidal coastal ecosystem in Niger Delta, Nigeria, and to evaluate their spatial distribution, degree of contamination, and source apportionment. The environmental risks associated with soil contamination were elaborately assessed using potential ecological risk index, sediment quality guidelines, and enrichment relative to background levels. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sandflat soil samples are0.76±9.0×10-2,7.39±8.7×10-1,2.28±0.35,0.024±4.0×10-3, and74.51±2.55 mg/kg, respectively. Metal levels indicate strong variability with sampling sites. The order of trace metal concentrations in theCommelina africanaL. samples isZn>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd. The concentrations varied with the sample locations; and the levels of Pb (0.05 to 0.08 mg/kg) at all locations are found to be significantly below permissible level of 0.3 mg/kg. Potential sources of metal loadings may be associated with localised or diffused anthropogenic activities. The average carcinogenic risks are below1.0×10-6threshold values, and the sandflat soils are not considered to pose significant health effects to children and adult males and females. However, the carcinogenicity and noncarcinogenicity risks ranking decrease following the orderchildren>adult  males>adult  females. Comparatively, the hazard quotient and hazard index indicate that the psammitic sandflats might pose a health risk to children in future.

Monitoring metal levels in water and multiple biomarkers in the grouper (Epinephelus tauvina) to assess environmental stressors on the Arabian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-314
Author(s):  
Ashraf M Abdel-Moneim ◽  
Mohamed A Al-Kahtani ◽  
Omar M Elmenshawy ◽  
Hany Elsawy ◽  
Aly M Hafez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Hepatocellular Necrosis ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers ◽  
Gill Lamellae

In this field study, the levels of heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn) in water and a suite of biochemical and histological biomarkers in the grouper ( Epinephelus tauvina) were assessed at four sites in the Arabian Gulf. Samples were taken from a relatively non-urban reference site, called Salwa (S1), and three effluent-dominated sites, namely Al-aziziyah in southern Dammam city (S2), the Al-Jubail coast (S3), and Manifa (S4). Toxic metals, namely Pb and Co (at all sites) and Fe (at S3), were elevated in water samples relative to the internationally permissible limits. In fish, induced levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the liver at S3 and S4 were higher than those of the reference fish at S1. Additionally, the level of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) product (malondialdehyde (MDA)) was significantly increased in gills (at S3) and liver (at S2 and S3). There was an inhibition of catalase activities in the gills of fish from S2 to S4 and significantly higher activity levels of superoxide dismutase in the gills of fish from S4. Histopathological features such as aneurysms in gill vessels, deformed gill lamellae, increases in liver melano-macrophage centers, and hepatocellular necrosis were most abundant at sites where significant pollution problems exist (i.e. S2–S4). The results reveal that the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia, in the Arabian Gulf, is still contaminated, as indicated by elevated HSP70, LPO content and numbers of histological lesions, and that monitoring of contaminants and their effects should be continued in this region.

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