Non-Markovian noise that cannot be dynamically decoupled by periodic spin echo pulses

Dynamical decoupling is the leading technique to remove unwanted interactions in a vast range of quantum systems through fast rotations. But what determines the time-scale of such rotations in order to achieve good decoupling? By providing an explicit counterexample of a qubit coupled to a charged particle and magnetic monopole, we show that such time-scales cannot be decided by the decay profile induced by the noise: even though the system shows a quadratic decay (a Zeno region revealing non-Markovian noise), it cannot be decoupled by periodic spin echo pulses, no matter how fast the rotations.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome with re-infection in China: a case report

Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging tickborne infectious disease caused by a novel banyangvirus (SFTS virus, SFTSV), was endemic in several Asian countries with a high mortality up to 30%. Until recently, SFTSV-associated re-infection have not been reported and investigated. Case presentation A 42-year-old female patient was identified as a case of SFTS with re-infection, with two episodes of SFTSV infection on June 2018 and May 2020. The diagnosis of SFTS was confirmed by detection of SFTSV RNA in the blood samples using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and antibodies specific for SFTSV using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The changes of viremia and antibody response differed between the two episodes. Phylogenetic analysis showed the two viral genome sequences were in the same clade, but showing 0.6% dissimilarity of the nearly whole nucleotide sequence. Analysis of clinical data revealed that the second episode showed milder illness than that of the first episode. Conclusions Epidemiological and clinical findings, viral whole genomic sequences, and serological evidence, provided evidence for the re-infection of SFTSV rather than prolonged viral shedding or relapse of the original infection. The patients with re-infection of SFTSV may be at high odds of clinically inapparent or mildly symptomatic. More attention should be directed towards the long-term follow up of the recovered patients in the future, to explicitly acquire the decay profile of their immunity response. Graphic abstract

Combined magnetic and gravity measurements probe the deep zonal flows of the gas giants

<p>The strong zonal flows observed at the cloud-level of the gas giants extend thousands of kilometers deep into the planetary interior, as indicated by the Juno and Cassini gravity measurements. However, the gravity measurements alone, which are by definition an integrative measure of mass, cannot constrain with high certainty the detailed vertical structure of the flow below the cloud-level. Here we show that taking into account the recent magnetic field measurements of Saturn and past secular variations of Jupiter's magnetic field, give an additional physical constraint on the vertical decay profile of the observed zonal flows in these planets. In Saturn, we find that the cloud-level winds extend into the planet with very little decay (barotropically) down to a depth of around 7,000 km, and then decay rapidly, so that within the next 1,000 km their value reduces to about 1% of that at the cloud-level. This optimal deep flow profile structure of Saturn matches simultaneously both the gravity field and the high-order latitudinal variations in the magnetic field discovered by the recent measurements. In the Jupiter case, using the recent findings indicating the flows in the planet semiconducting region are order centimeters per second, we show that with such a constraint, a flow structure similar to the Saturnian one is consistent with the Juno gravity measurements. Here the winds extend unaltered from the cloud-level to a depth of around 2,000 km and then decay rapidly within the next 600 km to values of around 1%. Thus, in both giant planets, we find that the observed winds  extend unaltered (baroctropically) down to the semiconducting region, and then decay abruptly. While it is plausible that the interaction with the magnetic field in the semiconducting region is responsible for winds final decay, it is yet to be understood whether another mechanism is involved in the process, especially in the initial decay form the strong 10s meter per seconds winds.</p>

Photoluminescence and Boosting Electron–Phonon Coupling in CdS Nanowires with Variable Sn(IV) Dopant Concentration

High-quality Sn(IV)-doped CdS nanowires were synthesized by a thermal evaporation route. Both XRD and Raman scattering spectrum confirmed the doping effect. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) demonstrated that both near bandgap emission and discrete trapped-state emission appeared simultaneously and significantly, which were attributed to the strong exciton trapping by impurities and electron–phonon coupling during the light transportation. The PL intensity ratio of near bandgap emission to trapped-state emission could be tune via doped Sn(IV) concentration in the CdS nanowires. It is interesting that the trapped-state emission shows well separated peaks with the assistance of 1LO, 2LO, 4LO phonons, demonstrating the boosting electron–phonon coupling in these doped CdS nanowires. The influence of Sn(IV) dopant is further revealed by PL lifetime decay profile. The optical micro-cavity also plays an important role on this emission process. Our results will be helpful to the understanding of doping modulated carrier interaction, trapping and recombination in one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures.

A COMPARISON OF OXIDE DECAY HEAT SIMULATIONS AND NUCLEAR DATA LIBRARIES WITH FUSION IRRADIATION EXPERIMENTS

We compare existing experimental decay heat data sets measured at the JAEA fusion neutron source (FNS), which employed a fast extraction rabbit system that in certain cases allowed the measurements to capture, at short cooling times, the decay profile of 16N in a range of oxides. Focussing on those data points and timescales that can be attributed to 16N, we compare measurements to simulations performed using the FISPACT-II inventory code together with evaluated nuclear data libraries. Making small corrections for other contributions at these short times, we derive integral cross section data estimates for 16O(n,p)16N from 12 oxide sample measurements and compare with previously obtained measurements in the IAEA EXFOR database and evaluations in the nuclear data libraries themselves.

Engineering defect clusters in distorted NaMgF3 perovskite and their important roles in tuning the emission characteristics of Eu3+ dopant ion

Defect engineering in distorted NaMgF3 can be achieved by doping different amounts of dopant (Eu3+) and co-dopant (Li+) ions, which has a significant impact on the emission spectrum and photoluminescence decay profile of the Eu3+ ion.

In Depth Analysis of Stretch Function Resulting from Solving the Generalize Fractional-Order Bloch Equations Using Fractional Calculus

In this paper the stretch function resulting from solving the fractional-order Bloch equations using fractional calculus was discussed. This function has promising results to represent diffusion signal decay from MRI images. Conventional analyses of (DWI) measurements resolve the normalized magnetization decay profiles in terms of discrete and mono-exponential components with distinct lifetimes. In complex, heterogeneous biological and biophysical samples such as tissue, multi-exponential decay functions can appear to provide truer representation to normalized magnetization decay profile than the assumption of a mono-exponential decay, but the assumption of multiple discrete components is arbitrary and is often erroneous. Moreover, interactions, between both normalized magnetization and with their environment, can result in complex normalized magnetization decay profiles that represent a continuous distribution of lifetimes. The purpose in this paper is to study different factors that influence the stretch function strength, clarity, and contrast of MRI magnetization signal relaxation by manipulating the anomalous diffusion parameters Δ,δ,Gz,β and μ. of Bloch equations. Through this study, it was found that complex normalized magnetization decay profiles behave like stretch exponential function inside power law. Further developments of this study may be useful in optimizing anomalous diffusion in tissues with neurodegenerative, and ischemic diseases.

Combined magnetic and gravity measurements probe the deep zonal flows of the gas giants

ABSTRACT During the past few years, both the Cassini mission at Saturn and the Juno mission at Jupiter provided measurements with unprecedented accuracy of the gravity and magnetic fields of the two gas giants. Using the gravity measurements, it was found that the strong zonal flows observed at the cloud level of the gas giants are likely to extend thousands of kilometres deep into the planetary interior. However, the gravity measurements alone, which are by definition an integrative measure of mass, cannot constrain with high certainty the exact vertical structure of the flow. Taking into account the recent Cassini magnetic field measurements of Saturn, and past secular variations of Jupiter’s magnetic field, we obtain an additional physical constraint on the vertical decay profile of the observed zonal flows on these planets. Our combined gravity–magnetic analysis reveals that the cloud-level winds on Saturn (Jupiter) extend with very little decay, i.e. barotropically, down to a depth of around 7000 km (2000 km) and then decay rapidly in the semiconducting region, so that within the next 1000 km (600 km) their value reduces to about 1 per cent of that at the cloud level. These results indicate that there is no significant mechanism acting to decay the flow in the outer neutral region, and that the interaction with the magnetic field in the semiconducting region might play a central role in the decay of the flows.

Photoluminescence and Boosting Electron-phonon Coupling in CdS Nanowires With Variable Sn(IV) Dopant Concentration

High-quality Sn(IV) doped CdS nanowires were synthesized by a thermal evaporation route. Both XRD and Raman scattering spectrum confirmed the doping effect. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) demonstrated that both near bandgap emission and discrete trapped-state emission appeared simultaneously and significantly, which were attributed to the strong exciton trapping by impurities and electron-phonon coupling during the light transportation. The PL intensity ratio of near bandgap emission to trapped-state emission could be tune via doped Sn(IV) concentration in the CdS nanowires. It is interesting that the trapped-state emission shows well separated peaks with the assistance of 1LO, 2LO, 4LO phonons, demonstrating the boosting electron-phonon coupling in these doped CdS nanowires. It is interesting that the trapped-state emission shows well separated peaks with the assistance of 1LO, 2LO, 4LO phonons, demonstrating the boosting electron-phonon coupling in these doped CdS nanowires. The influence of Sn(IV) dopant is further revealed by PL lifetime decay profile. The optical micro-cavity also plays an important role on this emission process. Our results will be helpful to the understanding of doping modulated carrier interaction, trapping and recombination in one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures.

Synergized magnetic and gravity measurements probe the detailed structure of the gas giants' deep atmospheres

<p>The strong zonal flows observed at the cloud-level of the gas giants extend thousands of kilometers deep into the planetary interior, as indicated by the Juno and Cassini gravity measurements. However, the gravity measurements alone, which are by definition an integrative measure of mass, cannot constrain with high certainty the detailed vertical structure of the flow below the cloud-level. Here we show that taking into account the recent magnetic field measurements of Saturn and past secular variations of Jupiter's magnetic field, give an additional physical constraint on the vertical decay profile of the observed zonal flows in these planets. In Saturn, we find that the cloud-level winds extend into the planet with very little decay (barotropically) down to a depth of around 7,000 km, and then decay rapidly, so that within the next 1,000 km their value reduces to about 1% of that at the cloud-level. This optimal deep flow profile structure of Saturn matches simultaneously both the gravity field and the high-order latitudinal variations in the magnetic field discovered by the recent measurements. In the Jupiter case, using the recent findings indicating the flows in the planet semiconducting region are order centimeters per second, we show that with such a constraint, a flow structure similar to the Saturnian one is consistent with the Juno gravity measurements. Here the winds extend unaltered from the cloud-level to a depth of around 2,000 km and then decay rapidly within the next 600 km to values of around 1%. Thus, in both giant planets, we find that the observed winds  extend unaltered (baroctropically) down to the semiconducting region, and then decay abruptly. While it is plausible that the interaction with the magnetic field in the semiconducting region is responsible for winds final decay, it is yet to be understood whether another mechanism is involved in the process, especially in the initial decay form the strong 10s meter per seconds winds.</p>