Lepidium oblongum (Brassicaceae) appeared on Hungarian railways

Lepidium oblongum, of American origin is a new member of the European adventive flora, only detected in Romania so far. The first Hungarian stand was discovered in 2018, and others in 2020. Based on our studies, we detail its morphological characteristics in comparison with other Lepidium species. We present a new drawing and a table to help identify the species. Lepidium oblongum is easily identifiable by its divided (lobed or lobed-dentated) upper stem leaves. By analyzing selected climatic parameters we show that the new European habitats are found in the drier and cooler summer subtype of the humid continental climate belt. In Hungary, it spreads directly along the railways. The establishment of individual populations can be influenced by the location of cargo unloading and the movement of railway workers. Lepidium oblongum occupies gravelly, sun-exposed habitats along Hungarian railway tracks such as loading platforms, guardhouses and goods stations. Based on its high stress and climatic tolerance and initial spread-rate, it is consider to be a naturalized member of the European adventive flora, that could be potentially invasive along the European railways

Synanthropic flora of Kuzbass

The article presents the materials of studies of the adventive flora of the Kemerovo region. For the territory of the Kemerovo region, we identified 244 alien species belonging to 162 genera and 50 families. As a result of the increasing process of invasion of new species into the territory of the region, the need for constant monitoring of alien species for the degree of their naturalization, especially in natural cenoses, is urgent. The problem of synanthropic plant species is becoming increasingly important not only for economically developed territories, but also for the relatively preserved mountain regions of Kuzbass. As a result of the studies, it was found that the synanthropic fraction of the Kuzbass flora, consisting of adventive and apophyte species, accounts for about 18% of the total composition of the flora of vascular plants in the Kemerovo region (60 apophyte species, 244 – advent ones). The revealed heterogeneity in the chorological, ecological and biological terms of the species of the adventive fraction makes it possible to find suitable conditions in various types of ecotopes on the territory of the Kemerovo region. This type of work can serve as a basis for developing a strategy for the preservation of natural phytosystems of Kuzbass.

ON VERBASCUM (SCROPHULARIACEAE) IN ADVENTIVE FLORA OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST

Two new species of the genus Verbascum, V. densiflorum Bertol. and V. phlomoides L., are reported for the adventive flora of the Russian Far East. The differences of these species from V. thapsus L. are discussed. Information of the locations of the species Verbascum L. known in the Russian Far East is presented.

Adventive component flora of the southern part of Sakhalin Island

The article is devoted to the adventive flora of the southern part of Sakhalin Island. Nowadays, 274 species of adventive plants, belonging to 192 genera and 57 families, have been identified here. Five families (Amaranthaceae, Cannabaceae, Commelinaceae, Linaceae, and Malvaceae) are represented by invasive species only. The structure of the leading families and genera is analyzed, the participation of adventive species information of plant communities is indicated. Adventive species are classified into life forms, method of entering and degree of naturalization.

Plant diversity of Absheron peninsula

In this article, we discuss the results of studying the flora of the Absheron Peninsula. The dynamics of the species composition over the past 70 years is considered. We were unable to find 206 species in the habitats previously recorded by Karyagin in 1952. We included 678 species in the list of flora of the Absheron Peninsula, of which 599 species were classified as native flora. In accordance with the direction of the dynamics of their habitats, we distinguish five groups of native flora species: Extinct (not found on the territory of Absheron for more than 50 years) – seven species, endangered (disappeared in several previously known localities) - 130 species, stable (found in previously known localities) – 209 species, dynamic (disappeared in previously known localities, but found in new localities) - 191 species, progressive (found in previously known localities and found in new localities) - 47 species. It is well known that for any region the adventive element of the flora is more dynamic than the native one. In total, we recorded 97 adventive species for the Absheron peninsula, of which 23 were new species for the flora of the region. We draw attention to the fact that since the beginning of the XIX century, the relative role of various sources of replenishment of the adventitious flora has changed. However, with the beginning of the new millennium, the contribution of railways to the formation of the advent component is noticeably decreasing.The number of new species entering the territory of the Absheron Peninsula by rail is radically decreasing. During the period covering 9 years (from 2012 to 2020), we were not able to find a single new adventive species that was intrude by rail. On the other hands, the activity of cultivated ornamental trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants became more clearly visible. There is a significant increase in the role landfills and wastelands in the formation of the adventive flora of the region

Insects-herpetobionts of the Bratsk and Jewish-Tatar cemeteries in the Rostov-on-Don

The old cemeteries of Rostov-on-Don are important territories - refugia for flora and fauna. Studies carried out in June 2020 showed that the herpetobionts of the Bratsk and Jewish-Tatar cemeteries of Rostov-on-Don have differences in abundance and diversity. The differences are associated with different levels of anthropogenic impact in mowing grass and cleaning plant residues during maintenance work on the territory of cemeteries. The abundance of herpetobionts is comparable and even exceeds the values in the virgin areas of the zonal steppes. This occurs as a result of the abundant growth in cemeteries of a variety of aboriginal and adventive flora from trees, grasses and shrubs, which form a special microclimate favorable for biota and biological activity of soils. The dominant species in both cemeteries in Rostov-on-Don is Staphylinus caesareus. The common herpetobiont species in the two cemeteries were Amara similata, Microlestes, Blaps lethifera, and Polydrusus inustus. Opatrum sabulosum is a eurytopic herpetobiont for cemeteries, parks of Rostov-on-Don, protected areas "Persianovskaya Steppe" and "Priazovskaya Steppe". Keywords: MESOFAUNA, BIOINDICATORS, BIODIAGNOSTICS, ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECTS

Flora and vegetation of urbanized areas on the example of the Melekeska and Shukralinka valleys within Naberezhnye Chelny

The paper deals with the examination results of flora and vegetation of the Melekeska and Shukralinka valleys within Naberezhnye Chelny. The most common plant associations are identified, they are Bromopsetum variograminosum, B. varioherbosum, Festicetum variograminosum, Calamagrostetum epigeiosum; Phragmitetum australis associations are identified in the flooded areas. Anthropogenically altered areas with a high mosaicity of listed above associations communities and ephemeral weeds are widely represented. The volume and structure are shown in the areas flora. This area is subjected to constant anthropogenic load. Taxonomic and geographic analyses of flora as well as a range of vital forms and ecological types are submitted. 120 plant species from 94 genera and 40 families have been identified. The position of the leading families is like that in regional flora, Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae are leading. Perennial polycarpic grasses especially long-rhizome (21,7%) and tap-root (15,0%) dominate among biomorphs (69,2%). Species with wide ranges are of paramount importance, they are Euro-West Asian (30,9%), Eurasian (27,5%), Holarctic (11,7%) and the percentage of alien species is 8,5%. Ruderal (36,7%), meadow (17,5%) and humid meadow (11,7%) species are leading in the ecological-coenotic spectrum. The adventive flora is represented by 16 species and it is briefly analyzed. Valley floras of some other Middle Volga rivers have been compared.

Pseudelephantopus spicatus (false elephant's foot).

Pseudelephantopus spicatus is a herbaceous plant native to the tropical areas in Mesoamerica, South America, the West Indies and Latin America; it has been introduced to Africa, Southeast Asia and some islands in the Pacific. It is reported to be naturalized in parts of Florida and Thailand. P. spicatus is regarded as a potentially pernicious weed of open ground.. As early as 1948 all available evidence then is said to have indicated that P. spicatus, however interesting as an addition to the adventive flora of the United States, is a potentially injurious weed which should be extirpated if possible before it becomes too thoroughly established.

THIRD ADDITION TO THE ADVENTIVE FLORA OF THE MAIN ROADS OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC

Information is given about the finds of 42 adventive plant species found on the main roads of the Udmurt Republic from 2010 to 2020. Of these, 8 species are Brassica juncea (L.) Czern, Carthamus tinctorius L., Chenopodium virgatum Thunb., Melampyrum polonicum (Beauverd) Soó, Oenothera biennis L., Polygonum calcatum Lindm., Puccinellia gigantea (Grossh.) Grossh., Sedobassia sedoides (Pall.) Freitag et C. Kadereit are reported for the first time for Udmurtia main roads; 2 species of Carthamus tinctorius L., Chenopodium virgatum Thunb. - for the first time for its adventive flora. The largest number of adventive species (20 species) was identified in the Alnash district of Udmurtia.

Distribution of adventive species Solidago canadensis, Phalacroloma annuum, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Heracleum sosnowskyi in phytocenoses of Volyn’ Polissya (Ukraine)

Biological pollution of natural phytocenoses by adventive plant species poses is a serious threat to endemic species and species with narrower ecological amplitude in ecosystems around the world. This study presents the results of a study of the composition and distribution of adventive plant species in natural, semi-natural and anthropogenic transformed phytocenoses of Volyn’ Polissya, Ukraine. To clarify the effect of drainage melioration on non-native flora species distribution, a botanical study was carried out during the 2003–2019 vegetation seasons on the territory of four drainage systems. The adventive flora of this unique region of Europe was studied in detail for the first time. In total, 279 non-native plant species were found. They belong to 110 genera and 32 families. The results of studying the systematic, bioecological, range-distributional and phytogenetic structure of adventive species found within agricultural lands and adjacent territories are presented. It was found that 161 species are associated with agricultural production. Of these, 90 species were found directly within the agricultural land, another 71 species were found growing in the adjacent territories. It was found that a significant increase in the number of adventive species on the territory of Volyn’ Polissya is associated with drainage melioration carried out in the 1960–1990s, significant changes in the structure and forms of agro-industrial production, and climatic changes in recent decades. The expansion of agricultural land in this area over the past 50–60 years has led to an increase in the number of adventive species by more than 60%. On the territory of drainage systems used for agricultural activities, more than 40% of the total species composition of the adventive flora of Volyn’ Polissya is represented. The majority of these species originate from arid and sub arid regions of the planet. The transformer plants, Solidago canadensis L. and Phalacroloma annuum (L.) Dumort pose a potential threat to phytocenoses of the described region, as well as the whole of Europe. Of particular interest are the species that in the future may pose a serious threat to natural phyto-diversity and have negative practical consequences for the structure of agricultural landscapes. These are Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. In general, modern agro ecosystems are characterized by instability and low ability to resist non-native species. The strongly weedy character of cultivated fields and the presence of abandoned uncultivated lands have caused the rapid spread of adventive vegetation. In order to further optimize the structure of agrolandscapes, it is advisable to monitor and regulate not only expansionary invasive species, which is especially important for preventing biological pollution, but also species whose status has not yet been determined.