Variations of the total electronic concentration in the ionosphere in seismically active region

In this work we studied the variations in the total electron concentration (TEC) obtained from measurements of the global navigation system GPS in the preparation zone for the 2010 catastrophic Chilean earthquake (Mw = 8.8) under calm background conditions at a minimum of 24 solar activity (SA) cycles. The analysis of the geodynamic activity and ionospheric TEC disturbances in the seismically active region of this catastrophic earthquake is carried out. A computational technique has been developed that can be used to study TEC variations over seismically active regions.

A Study Interfrequency Onboard Delays of Signals Navigation Satellites GLONASS

The problem of interfrequency signal delays estimation of GLONASS system navigation satellite is considered Such delays in the radio-frequency massage of navigation satellites are the source of the instrumental error of pseudorange measurements. The estimation method of interfrequency signal delays is proposed, based on the calculation of first differences of pseudorange measurements on navigation satellites, the relative position of which differs by no more than 1°. The experiment on estimation of inter-frequency delays signal on the basis of the developed method was conducted. The experiment is based on the use of calibrated navigation receiver to separate errors caused by signal delays in the receiver and navigation satellite. Also, to minimize the effects of the Earth's ionosphere layer navigation signal delay, only those measurements taken at a low Total Electronic Concentration TEC are included in the processing. Pseudorange measurements using GLONASS and GPS navigation satellites signals were used as the main source data. The results of the estimation for all GLONASS orbital group satellites were compared with the form values provided in the navigation massage. The results of experimental research have been analyzed and the values of standard deviation of GLONASS orbital group delays have been obtained. To confirm the adequacy of the results was checked for internal convergence of the results and determined the error of the developed method for assessing the interfrequency delays of navigation spacecraft.

Conclusive Research Design and Development of the Effect of Linear Deformation on Some Debye Properties of Metals

This Work, Debye Temperature And Debye Frequency Of Metals Were Computed And Studied Using Quantum Einstein Theory. The Electron Density Parameters Of Strained Metals Is Obtained And Used In The Computation.. The Results Obtained Revealed That There Is Agreement Between The Computed And Experimental Values Of Debye Temperature And Debye Frequency. This Shows That The Model Can Be Used To Study Debye Properties Of Metals. The Debye Temperature And Debye Frequency Obtained Are More Concentrated In The High Density Limit. This Revealed That Debye Temperature And Debye Frequency Of Metals Depend On The Electronic Concentration. Also, The Experimental Value Of Debye Temperature And Debye Frequency Is Higher Than The Computed Value, This Is Because Of Some Factor Which Debye Temperature And Debye Frequency Relied On That The Theory Failed To Account For. Debye Temperature And Debye Frequency Of Metals Reduces As Strain Increase. This Shows That As Strain Increase, Space Between Lattice Atom Increase Which Reduces Strength Of Electron Interaction And There-By Forces Debye Temperature, Debye Frequency To Decrease As Deformation Increase. This Behavior Of Metals Reveal That Debye Temperature And Debye Frequency Is Greatly Affected By Deformation.

About the correlation between the values of the VTEC ionosphere parameter on GNSS stations of Ukraine

Obtaining information about the spatial distribution of electronic concentration is a complicated task, since the highrise distribution profiles of the TEC parameter vary both in time and in longitude and latitude, and depend on the magnetic and solar activity. In this regard, it is relevant to study the characteristic quantitative parameters describing the dynamics of ionization of the atmosphere. The purpose of this work is to study the parameter of the ionosphere VTEC, namely the study of correlation links between this parameter at different GNSS stations, the distance between them ranges from 100 to 400 km. To solve this problem, ionfiles were first processed with VTEC parameter values ??at different stations, and their filtration was performed with the help of the Kalman filter. Next, the correlation coefficients between the values ??of the VTEC parameter are found pairwise for all GNSS stations under investigation. The analytical connection between the coefficient of correlation of VTEC parameters and the distance between GNSS stations is proposed. The obtained results allow to simulate variations and dynamics of changes in the concentration of electrons in space.

Compositional Dependent Crystal Structure in NiMnGa Matensite

The effect of composition on martensitic phase transformation and structure in polycrystalline NiMnGa was investigated through Ni substitution for Mn, Ga and Mn substitution for Ga. The martensitic transformation temperatures almost linerly increase with increasing Ni content in Ni50+xMn50-xGa25, Ni50+yMn25Ga25-y and Mn content in Ni50Mn25+zGa25-z. The increases in rate of the martensitic transformation temperatures are different for the three conditions. It is large for Ga substituted by Ni, slow for both Mn substituted by Ni and Ga substituted by Mn. Analysis shows that electronic concentration is an important factor to influence the martensitic transformation temperature in the Ni-Mn-Ga alloys. The results show that Ni excess stabilizes the NM martensitic structure and Mn excess stabilizes the 7M martensitic strcuture in broad composition range.